Core Insights - The development of high-end instruments in China is strategically significant, as it supports foundational scientific research, cutting-edge technology development, major engineering implementation, and future industry cultivation [2] - China's high-end instrument industry faces structural imbalances, with high demand domestically but insufficient supply capabilities, leading to reliance on foreign products [2] - The current market structure does not facilitate the accumulation of high-end instrument capabilities, as competition is fragmented and lacks scale effects [4] Group 1: Industry Challenges - High-end instruments are crucial for national technological independence, yet the industry is heavily reliant on foreign technology and components [1] - There are multiple "breakpoints" in the capability formation chain for high-end instruments, making it difficult to translate technological potential into sustainable engineering and industrial capabilities [3] - The existing market structure does not provide positive feedback for continuous capability upgrades, leading to a return to low-end competition [4] Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - A common capability platform should be established to support precision manufacturing, high-reliability electronics, and system-level testing, ensuring long-term investment in engineering talent and experience [6] - A "demand-driven + risk-sharing" mechanism should be constructed to leverage major national research infrastructures and projects, guiding the maturity of domestic instrument capabilities [6] - The organizational and evaluation mechanisms need to be restructured to facilitate the transition from research to engineering and industry, emphasizing long-term stability and collaboration between research institutions and enterprises [7]

此次研究中，超表面像素尺寸小于200纳米，远低于所操控的520纳米激光波长，可在无需额外光学系统 的情况下同时生成成千上万个聚焦点。研究人员表示，这种超表面相当于在同一平面上集成了成千上万 个微型透镜，可一次性产生大规模光镊阵列。 目前最先进的量子计算机约有1000个量子比特，而美国哥伦比亚大学团队正试图将这一数字提升两个数 量级以上。他们首次将光镊与超表面技术结合，提出并验证了一种可扩展的中性原子阵列技术，为构建 超过10万个量子比特的量子计算机奠定基础。相关成果发表在新一期《自然》杂志上。 中性原子阵列是构建量子计算机的新兴平台。研究团队在实验中俘获1000个锶原子，并验证该方法可在 原理上扩展至10万个以上，这些原子未来或可作为量子比特使用。 原子在量子计算中具有天然优势，可稳定呈现量子叠加和纠缠等特性，且彼此完全一致，无需像固态量 子比特那样校准与同步。但难点在于如何实现大规模精确操控。 过去十多年，科学家通常利用空间光调制器或声光偏转器生成光镊阵列。单个光镊是一束高度聚焦的激 光，可将单个原子固定在焦点上，阵列则由许多光镊组成，但设备复杂、体积庞大，限制了阵列规模。 此外，超表面由氮化硅和二氧化钛制 ...

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is affecting a large part of China, bringing extreme low temperatures, rain, snow, and ice, with the China Meteorological Administration issuing multiple weather warnings and emergency responses [1][2]. Group 1: Weather Impact - The cold wave has led to a drastic drop in temperatures, particularly in southern regions, with some areas experiencing freezing rain [1]. - The cold air mass from Siberia is responsible for this cold wave, which is characterized by a broad impact area, prolonged duration, and significant temperature drops [1][2]. - The central and eastern parts of China will experience extensive rain and snow, with specific regions like Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou facing freezing rain lasting 2 to 3 days, accumulating between 5 to 10 millimeters [2]. Group 2: Mechanism of Freezing Rain - The formation of freezing rain is linked to a temperature inversion where warm air exists above cold air, causing ice crystals to melt into supercooled water droplets that freeze upon contact with surfaces [2]. - Many affected areas have low cloud layers, resulting in freezing rain primarily from supercooled droplets rather than ice crystals [2]. Group 3: Risks and Precautions - The combination of low temperatures and freezing rain poses risks such as road icing, damage to electrical and communication infrastructure, and agricultural harm [3]. - Public safety measures are advised, including precautions against slipping and freezing, as well as ensuring proper warmth during outdoor activities [3].

Core Insights - By 2025, China's overseas licensing of innovative drugs is expected to exceed 150 deals, with a total value reaching $130 billion, compared to $50 billion in 2024, indicating significant international recognition of China's pharmaceutical and medical device innovations [1] Group 1: Market Expansion and Challenges - Chinese pharmaceutical companies are shifting their export focus from raw materials and intermediates to innovative drugs, high-end formulations, and high-performance medical devices [2] - In the first eleven months of last year, China's pharmaceutical export value reached $100.895 billion, showing steady growth, but companies face increasing risks and challenges due to rising unilateralism and protectionism [2] - The Chinese government is encouraging regions to explore building trading platforms aimed at Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and other countries to enhance international promotion and allow more nations to benefit from China's pharmaceutical industry [2] Group 2: Cross-Border Initiatives - The China-ASEAN cross-border pharmaceutical procurement platform has successfully facilitated multiple cross-border transactions, including significant orders for domestic medical devices [3] - The China-Central Asia "Central Pharmacy" initiative has attracted innovative pharmaceutical and medical device companies to showcase over 2,200 medical devices, addressing the rigid demands of Central Asian countries [3] Group 3: Pricing Mechanisms and Support - The first overseas price registration certificate for a domestic drug treating infant vascular tumors has been issued, providing a crucial basis for companies to establish reasonable pricing in international markets [4] - The National Medical Insurance Administration is developing an international pharmaceutical pricing system that allows companies to set prices based on global market conditions rather than solely on domestic insurance payment prices [5] - A new pricing mechanism for newly launched drugs will be implemented to ensure that high-investment, high-risk innovative drugs have stable prices during their initial market entry, enhancing accessibility for quality products [5]

为验证新材料的长期稳定性，团队构建了自动化测试系统，在40天内对材料连续实施1000次"破坏—修 复"循环。每次实验均人为制造50毫米长的分层裂纹，随后触发加热自愈机制，并检测修复后的承载能 力。结果显示，这一材料在经历千次循环后仍保持优异性能，抗断裂能力显著优于传统复合材料，且韧 性衰减极为缓慢，创下自愈次数新纪录。 目前，广泛使用的纤维增强聚合物（FRP）复合材料，因其轻质高强特性，被广泛应用于飞机、汽车、 风力发电机和航天器中。但这类材料长期面临"层间分层"难题，即内部裂纹导致纤维层与树脂基体分 离，严重影响结构完整性。自20世纪30年代以来，这一问题始终制约着复合材料的耐久性，传统FRP设 计寿命通常仅为15年至40年。 团队表示，在实际应用中，材料仅在遭遇冰雹、鸟撞等突发损伤或定期维护时才启动修复程序。据此推 算，此类部件理论上可持续使用达125年以上，甚至在500年内仅需修复4次即可维持功能稳定。这项技 术将大幅降低工业设备的维修成本与能源消耗，减少废弃部件带来的环境污染，对难以返修的航天器具 有革命性意义。 美国北卡罗来纳州立大学科学家研发出一种新型自愈复合材料，可实现上千次自我修复，预计能使飞 ...

Economic Performance - In 2025, China's GDP reached 140,187.9 billion yuan, growing by 5.0% year-on-year at constant prices, marking a successful completion of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1] - China's economic growth rate ranks among the top of major economies, contributing approximately 30% to global economic growth despite a challenging external environment [2] Research and Development - R&D expenditure intensity in 2025 reached 2.8%, surpassing the OECD average for the first time, with China's innovation index entering the global top ten [2] - Investment in basic research accounted for 7.08% of total R&D spending, achieving a historical high [1] Manufacturing and Technology - The added value of the digital product manufacturing industry grew by 9.3% year-on-year, with new energy vehicles accounting for over 50% of domestic new car sales [2] - High-tech manufacturing value added grew at an average annual rate of 9.2% over the past five years, driven by advancements in AI, 5G, and other digital technologies [3] Patent and Innovation - In 2025, China became the first country to hold over 5 million effective domestic invention patents, maintaining the top position in PCT international patent applications for six consecutive years [4] - Significant achievements in high-end equipment and green energy sectors indicate robust investment and development in emerging fields [4]

Group 1 - The year 2050 is seen as a significant milestone for transformative changes in technology and space exploration, with global space agencies focusing on this timeline for their missions [2][3] - NASA aims to achieve manned missions to Mars by 2050, while SpaceX plans to launch unmanned missions as early as 2026 to pave the way for human exploration [3] - Challenges related to biological factors, such as space radiation and psychological isolation, are highlighted as significant hurdles for Mars missions [3] Group 2 - Artificial Intelligence (AI) is predicted to play a central role in scientific research by 2050, potentially becoming the main driver of scientific discovery [4] - The concept of General Artificial Intelligence (AGI) is expected to materialize, enabling AI to autonomously design experiments and analyze data [4] - Current advancements in AI-driven laboratories are already demonstrating the potential for automated scientific research without human intervention [4] Group 3 - New technologies are expected to lead to significant scientific breakthroughs, such as the development of ultra-sensitive quantum sensors that could enhance gravitational wave detection [4][5] - Nuclear fusion energy is anticipated to become a reality by 2050, providing clean and limitless energy to households [6] - Emerging technologies like "clay electronics," which can transform into various forms, may revolutionize medical applications, including the creation of artificial organs [6] Group 4 - The discovery of exoplanets is projected to accelerate, with estimates suggesting that by 2050, humans may confirm the existence of one billion exoplanets, some of which may harbor conditions suitable for life [6] - There is speculation that scientists may discover extraterrestrial life by 2050, potentially leading to significant recognition such as a Nobel Prize [6] - The future is shaped by current investments, policies, and ethical decisions, emphasizing the importance of technology serving humanity [7]

未来，江西将持续深化绿电交易创新，拓宽绿电应用场景，让绿色发展理念在赣鄱大地落地生根，为构 建清洁低碳的能源体系提供坚实支撑。 目前，江西绿电消费已覆盖锂电池、光伏制造、电子信息、轨道交通等多个重点行业，赣锋锂业、宁德 时代、晶科能源等龙头企业纷纷加入绿电交易行列。随着绿电交易机制持续完善，越来越多企业将绿电 消费融入生产经营全流程，既推动了江西省可再生能源消纳，又为经济发展注入绿色动能。 1月19日，记者从国网江西省电力有限公司获悉，数据显示，2021年江西绿电交易量仅0.21亿千瓦时， 2025年飙升至44.25亿千瓦时，四年间增长超200倍，彰显出绿色能源市场的强劲活力与发展潜力。 在"双碳"目标引领与绿色发展浪潮推动下，江西绿电交易规模实现跨越式增长，成为江西加速能源结构 转型、践行绿色发展的生动实践。 绿电作为"绿色有机"的电力商品，来源涵盖光伏、风电等可再生能源，其消费已成为企业践行社会责 任、实现绿色转型的重要路径。国家层面不断强化绿电消费导向，明确要求国企、央企带头提升绿电使 用比例。对于企业而言，使用绿电不仅能树立低碳发展的品牌形象，更能直接助力降碳减排，兑现可持 续发展承诺；尤其对出口型企 ...

能开展眼科手术的机器人来了。记者1月19日从中国科学院自动化研究所获悉，该所研究团队成功 研发出一款自主显微眼科手术机器人系统，并完成临床可行性验证。该系统能够显著提升眼科手术的精 准度、安全性与稳定性，最大限度减少手术本身对眼部组织的损伤。相关研究成果发表于《科学-机器 人》杂志。 全球视力受损或失明人数已超过22亿，而眼球内部结构极为精细、操作空间极小，传统眼科手术对 医生的经验和稳定性要求极高。该自主机器人系统通过智能、精准地控制，有望大幅提升手术安全水 平，缩短医生培养周期，为多种眼底疾病的治疗提供全新解决方案。 论文通讯作者、中国科学院自动化研究所研究员边桂彬介绍，研究团队通过多视角空间融合方法， 构建了术中动态更新的眼内三维地图，实现了对手术区域的全面感知；运用多传感器数据融合技术，实 现了手术器械从宏观到微观的跨尺度精确定位；并基于多约束优化与人在回路的混合控制，确保了手术 轨迹的精准与安全。 实验表明，该系统在多种眼球模型上的注射成功率达到100%，平均定位误差较医生手动操作降低 约80%，即使与医生操作机器人辅助手术相比，误差也减少约55%，展现出优越的精确性与安全性。 "这项成果为眼科手术 ...

德国马克斯·普朗克量子光学研究所物理学家首次通过实验，揭示了赝能隙态中潜藏的磁性有序结构， 为理解高温超导起源提供关键线索。这一成果是量子材料领域的重要进展，相关论文发表于19日的《美 国国家科学院院刊》。 超导性研究有望给远距离输电和量子计算等领域带来变革，然而人们对超导性的理解仍不完整。在许多 高温超导体中，超导并非直接由常规金属态产生，而是先进入一种奇特的中间态——赝能隙态。此时电 子行为异常，可流动的能态减少。理解赝能隙被认为是揭示超导机理、设计更优材料的关键。 在母体材料中，电子通常形成反铁磁有序，即相邻自旋方向相反。通过掺杂增加或减少电子后，这种有 序会被削弱。长期以来，研究人员认为掺杂会彻底破坏长程磁性，而赝能隙正是在这种近乎无序状态下 出现的。 此次研究对这一认识提出新证据。研究团队借助超冷原子量子模拟器，在接近绝对零度的条件下，用锂 原子构建费米—哈伯德模型，并将原子排列在激光形成的光学晶格中，在高度可控环境下模拟电子间的 相互作用。 研究还发现，在赝能隙态中，电子间并非仅成对关联，而是形成复杂多粒子结构。实验测量了5个粒子 同时参与的关联效应，显示即便单个掺杂粒子，也可能在较大空间范围扰动 ...