（文章来源：科技日报） 继今年6月朱雀三号一子级动力系统试车之后，本阶段试验是发射前的最后一项大型地面试验。后续， 蓝箭航天将基于试验数据开展复核，进一步细化流程与预案，在确保质量与安全的前提下稳步推进第二 阶段工作。 朱雀三号运载火箭于2023年8月正式立项，是蓝箭航天面向大型星座组网任务，自主研制的一款大运 力、低成本、可重复使用的大型液体运载火箭。火箭一二级箭体直径4.5米，整流罩直径5.2米，全箭长 66.1米，起飞质量约570吨，起飞推力超过750吨。火箭采用不锈钢作为箭体主结构材料，一子级配备九 台天鹊-12A液氧甲烷发动机，安装子级回收所需RCS（反作用控制系统）、栅格舵和着陆支腿，可在执 行轨道发射任务后自主高精度返回，在回收场实现软着陆并重复使用。 10月18日至10月20日，在东风商业航天创新试验区液氧甲烷火箭2号发射工位，蓝箭航天朱雀三号遥一 运载火箭顺利完成首飞任务的第一阶段工作——加注合练及静态点火试验。后续将按计划开展垂直状态 操作演练，随后返回技术区，为正式入轨发射及一子级回收开展各项准备。 记者从蓝箭航天获悉，朱雀三号运载火箭首飞任务分为两个阶段：第一阶段为加注合练与静态点火测 ...

团队采用一种精确的电化学技术，实际测得的嵌入速率远低于以往报道的数值。基于这些数据，团队提 出了新的耦合离子-电子转移理论。该理论指出，真正的电化学限速步骤并非是锂离子的嵌入，而是电 子转移过程，即电极材料被还原以准备接收锂离子的过程。锂离子的嵌入与电子的转移相互促进，共同 决定了反应的整体速率，这为理解电池反应动力学提供了更精确的理论基础。 此次新模型表明，锂离子嵌入电极并非一个孤立的离子行为，而是必须伴随着电子的同步转移。也就是 说，只有当电解质中的电子同时转移到电极材料中，还原该材料以容纳锂离子时，嵌入反应才能高效进 行。这一发现挑战了长期以来的主流假设。过去几十年中，人们在测量锂嵌入速率时经常得到彼此矛盾 的结果，不同实验室的测量值甚至可相差十亿倍，这使得建立统一的理论框架变得异常困难。 美国麻省理工学院团队首次系统测量了多种电池材料中的锂离子嵌入速率，并基于实验数据提出了一种 全新的理论模型，研究人员凭借简单公式即可设计出下一代电池。新成果使电池主导反应机制更快、更 可控，从而显著提升电池的充放电速度和使用寿命，并为人们理解不同材料和界面的反应行为提供了统 一理论视角。研究成果发表在最新一期《科学》 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Earth has crossed its first climate tipping point, with global temperatures rising 1.4°C above the late 19th century levels, surpassing the critical threshold midpoint of 1.2°C for coral reef extinction [1] Group 1 - The report titled "Global Tipping Points Report" was authored by 160 scientists from 23 countries [1] - The critical point for warm water coral reefs is reached when global temperatures rise between 1°C and 1.5°C [1] - Exceeding this tipping point will trigger a series of chain reactions that will accelerate global climate deterioration [1]

Core Insights - The AIMS telescope, a significant advancement in solar magnetic field observation, has been officially launched at an altitude of 4000 meters in Qinghai, China, marking a milestone in international solar research [1][2][4] Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - The AIMS telescope represents the first dedicated instrument for measuring solar magnetic fields in the mid-infrared spectrum, filling a critical gap in international solar observation capabilities [1][2] - The telescope has achieved a measurement precision improvement by an order of magnitude, transitioning from indirect to direct measurement methods [2][3] - Key technological advancements include the use of a 12.3-micron mid-infrared observation method and the successful measurement of the Zeeman splitting, enhancing measurement precision to better than 10 Gauss [3] Group 2: Construction Challenges - The construction of the AIMS telescope faced significant challenges due to the harsh high-altitude environment, requiring innovative solutions for transporting materials and ensuring operational functionality [4] - The project timeline included milestones such as the start of dome construction in 2020, completion of the main telescope structure by the end of 2022, and the commencement of trial observations in September 2023 [4] - Technical difficulties included issues with the optical system due to low temperatures and electromagnetic interference, which were resolved through extensive troubleshooting efforts [4] Group 3: Future Prospects - The AIMS telescope has entered the scientific output phase, with its data expected to support advanced research in solar physics and space weather forecasting [5] - Future plans include developing collaborative observation strategies that integrate mid-infrared measurements with multi-band observations to further explore unresolved questions about solar magnetic fields [5]

这一突破性发现源于一个未解之谜：在泰坦大气中生成的氰化氢最终去了哪里？NASA喷气推进实验室 团队在接近90开尔文（约零下180摄氏度）的极低温下，将固态的氰化氢与液态的甲烷和乙烷混合，并 利用激光光谱技术进行分析。他们发现光谱信号显示出异常变化。 瑞士团队就此提出了一个看似违背化学常识的假设：甲烷或乙烷是否可能与氰化氢形成混合晶体？这直 接挑战了"相似相溶"的化学原则。但最终结果表明，在泰坦的低温条件下，碳氢化合物确实能渗透进氰 化氢的晶格结构中，形成一种被称为共晶的新物质，计算模拟出的光谱特征也与NASA的实验数据高度 吻合。 这一发现具有深远意义。氰化氢在多种生命前体分子的非生物合成中可能扮演关键角色，例如构成蛋白 质的氨基酸和构成遗传密码的核碱基。同时，该成果也表明化学的边界正在被重新定义。（记者张梦 然） 瑞典查尔默斯理工大学与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的研究团队通过对火星最大卫星"泰坦"的分 析，取得了一项出人意料的发现。研究表明，在极低温环境下，通常无法相容的物质竟能混合，这一现 象为生命起源之前的化学过程提供了新视角，同时挑战了化学中长期被接受的基本规则，并加深了人们 对太阳系行星及卫星的 ...

在北京丰台站改造中，该装置展现突出的技术实用性与经济性：用1.5微法电容替代试验灯泡，节省120 个且可循环使用；无需信号变压器，每站减少设备约30台；试验人员从每站6至7人减至3人，单站试验 周期9至10天，累计节约人工工时约120天。 目前，该装置已荣获河北省建筑业科学技术进步奖等多项荣誉，成功应用于丰台站、官庄站等10余个车 站改造，大幅提升试验准确性、降低施工成本，为铁路信号试验向智能化、高效化发展提供关键技术支 撑。（记者华凌 通讯员马潇然 任肖琳） 近日，中铁六局电务公司京津冀区域项目部研发的新型铁路信号模拟试验装置正式投入使用，该装置融 合多技术创新，彻底改变传统试验模式，为铁路开通运营筑牢安全防线，已在10余个车站改造工程中推 广。 铁路信号连锁试验是行车安全"生命线"，传统方式依赖人工操作模拟盘，存在"一站一制"、无法重复使 用、效率低下等痛点。为此，项目部创新改进智能终端，整合计算机软件设计、嵌入式硬件、现场 CAN总线通信三大核心技术，研制出高适应性的信号模拟试验装置。 该装置由盘面、支架、试验模拟装置三部分组成，通过三种模拟电路精准还原列车运行动态信息，可全 面检测室内外信号设备联锁功 ...

Core Insights - The research team led by Professor Xiong Yujie from Anhui Normal University, in collaboration with the University of Science and Technology of China, has successfully created sub-nanometer high-entropy alloys using laser irradiation, which can incorporate up to ten different metal elements [1][2] - This innovative method overcomes traditional high-temperature synthesis limitations, allowing for the production of high-entropy alloys at milder conditions and achieving smaller particle sizes [1] Group 1: Research Methodology - The team utilized laser irradiation technology to achieve uniform mixing of multiple metals under mild conditions, resulting in the production of sub-nanometer high-entropy alloy particles [1] - The nanosecond pulsed laser rapidly increases the surface temperature of the particles to over 2000 degrees Celsius and then cools them at a rate exceeding one billion degrees per second, enabling precise control over particle size [1] Group 2: Applications and Performance - High-entropy alloys exhibit significant potential in the renewable energy sector, particularly as ideal catalyst materials due to their unique structure and properties [2] - The sub-nanometer high-entropy alloy composed of gold, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity and stability in hydrogen production through water electrolysis, outperforming current commercial platinum-carbon and ruthenium dioxide catalysts [2] - The new laser synthesis method greatly expands the material system and applicability of high-entropy alloys, potentially advancing their practical applications in energy and catalysis [2]

"未来，中国工程院将特别关注全球南方国家的需求，推动工程成果惠及更多发展中国家。同时，继续 大力推进工程师资格、工程教育、工程技术标准国际互认，推动创新要素全球流动。"10月12日至17 日，中国科协"开放合作月"期间，中国工程院院长李晓红在2025年世界工程组织联合会全体大会上表 示。 南北差距、发展断层、技术鸿沟，以及如何为女性工程师和青年工程师赋能，也成为此次大会热议的问 题。联合国教科文组织2021年工程报告显示，虽然全球对工程师的需求日益增长，但许多国家的青年对 学习工程、从事工程职业的兴趣正在减弱，甚至多个国家出现"逃离工科"现象，女性青年工程师比例也 较小。非洲缺乏训练有素的工程师、技术获取困难等问题也被与会者提及。 面向未来，合作共享成为应对挑战的关键词。 伯内特在会场上主动寻求与中国在新材料、稀土、能源等领域开展合作。"对英国来说，必须与中国合 作，中国也应成为我们坚定的合作伙伴。"他说。 会议期间，非洲工程组织联合会与中国科协签署一份谅解备忘录，推动工程领域深度合作。世界工程组 织联合会前任主席龚克正在推进非洲工程能力建设项目，致力于利用全球工程科技经验为非洲工程科技 发展助力。 会上，来 ...

Core Insights - The launch of the "Hydrogen Spring" train marks a significant breakthrough in China's green rail transit sector, utilizing hydrogen fuel cell technology for zero carbon emissions and flexible urban and tourism applications [1][2] Group 1: Hydrogen Train Development - The "Hydrogen Spring" train, developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., features a hydrogen fuel cell power system, producing only water as a byproduct, thus achieving zero carbon emissions [1] - The train can be flexibly configured with 1 to 6 cars, making it suitable for urban commuting and tourism routes, which helps reduce construction and operational costs [1] - The average energy consumption of the "Hydrogen Spring" train is approximately 1.5 kilowatt-hours per kilometer, with a hydrogen storage system designed for safety and efficiency [1] Group 2: Industry Collaboration and Development - CRRC Group signed a cooperation agreement with the Jilin provincial government to promote the application of hydrogen trains and the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain [2] - The company aims to leverage Jilin's resources and industrial foundation to enhance collaboration and build a new hydrogen energy industry cluster, focusing on high-quality development [2] - CRRC has been expanding its hydrogen-powered rail transit equipment, developing various hydrogen energy products and promoting the commercialization of hydrogen technology through collaborative efforts with upstream and downstream enterprises [2]

Group 1: Innovation and Development - The investment in R&D by the whole society has shown stable growth, exceeding 7% continuously from 2021 to 2024, with an intensity higher than the actual during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [1] - The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people has increased from 7.5 to 14, achieving the expected target of the "14th Five-Year Plan" ahead of schedule [1] - The added value of the core industries of the digital economy has surpassed 10% of GDP for the first time, indicating a rapid implementation of new industries, new business formats, and new models [1] Group 2: Key Technologies and Breakthroughs - Huagong Technology has set a global record for the fastest welding of a complete electric vehicle in just 43 seconds, showcasing advanced manufacturing capabilities [2] - The fifth-generation three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting intelligent equipment developed by Huagong Technology features 100% self-controlled key components, representing the highest level of global laser CNC machine tool technology [3] - Significant breakthroughs in key core technologies have been achieved, including advancements in space exploration and deep-earth drilling, reflecting China's growing capabilities in these areas [4] Group 3: New Quality Productivity - The concept of new quality productivity, introduced by the President, emphasizes innovation as the main driving force, moving away from traditional economic growth models [6] - The integration of technology and industry has been promoted, leading to major technological breakthroughs in fields such as new generation information technology and renewable energy [7] - Various regions are actively developing new quality productivity, with initiatives in artificial intelligence, quantum information, and new energy systems [8] Group 4: Talent and Innovation - The importance of talent in driving national technological innovation has been highlighted, with ongoing reforms aimed at enhancing the evaluation and utilization of scientific talent [9] - The number of R&D personnel in China has increased significantly, with a notable rise in the proportion of young scientists leading key projects [12] - The establishment of a new talent evaluation system focusing on innovation value and contribution has been implemented, benefiting researchers and fostering a more conducive environment for scientific advancement [11]