记者7月21日从中国科学院昆明动物研究所获悉，该所研究员赖仞团队在破解鸟类味觉适应关键机 制方面取得重要成果。研究团队不仅揭示了动物感官精妙适应环境的机制，也为深入理解鸟类与植物间 的协同演化关系、生物对环境的适应策略提供了重要科学线索。相关研究成果日前发表在国际期刊《科 学》上。 此外，研究团队还揭示了鸟类酸味耐受能力与甜味感知能力之间存在的潜在协同演化机制。这种协 同作用使鸟类不仅能有效耐受果实中的高有机酸，还能敏锐感知果实中的糖分，即甜味，从而更高效地 开发和利用水果资源。 该研究首次系统揭示了鸟类感知耐受酸味的分子机制，明确了OTOP1受体的功能演化是驱动鸟类 食性拓展和物种快速辐射演化的又一关键分子基础。同时，团队提出的"鸣禽酸味耐受与甜味感知协同 演化"假说，为理解复杂感官系统如何协同演化以适应环境提供了全新视角。 （原载于《科技日报》 2025-07-23 第06版） 酸味通常被哺乳动物视为潜在有害物质的警示信号。然而，许多鸟类却能频繁取食富含高浓度有机 酸的酸性水果，其耐受机制曾一直是科学界长期悬而未决的难题。针对这一科学难题，赖仞团队展开了 深入研究。 研究表明，鸟类具备这一独特适应能力的核 ...

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of the "Hydrogen Electric Tug 1" represents a significant advancement in green shipping technology, showcasing a hybrid system that combines hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries to achieve zero carbon emissions in port operations [1][3][4]. Group 1: Technological Innovation - "Hydrogen Electric Tug 1" is the first hydrogen-powered tugboat in China, featuring a hybrid system that includes a hydrogen fuel cell and a liquid-cooled lithium battery, capable of outputting 7000 horsepower [1][2]. - The tugboat's lithium battery has a total capacity of 7838 kWh, allowing it to meet the demands of frequent starts and high-load operations in port environments [2]. - The tugboat can generate a towing force of 82 tons and has a maximum speed of 14.2 knots in still water, demonstrating its powerful performance [2]. Group 2: Environmental Impact - The "Hydrogen Electric Tug 1" is designed to produce zero carbon emissions, with an estimated reduction of approximately 1500 tons of CO2 emissions annually, equivalent to the carbon offset of over 1000 acres of afforestation [3]. - The tugboat's lightweight design minimizes its empty weight, contributing to reduced energy consumption during operations [3]. Group 3: Operational Efficiency - The tugboat features two operational modes: an economic mode for normal port tasks and a power mode for assisting large vessels in challenging conditions, allowing for flexibility based on operational needs [4]. - Compared to traditional fuel-powered tugboats, the "Hydrogen Electric Tug 1" operates with significantly lower noise and vibration levels, enhancing the working environment [4]. Group 4: Smart Navigation - The tugboat is equipped with a multifunctional integrated system based on Beidou technology, which replaces traditional navigation systems and enhances safety and operational efficiency through real-time data integration [6]. - The integration with the port's digital twin platform allows for optimized routing and collision warnings, marking a transition from "blind navigation" to "intelligent navigation" [6]. Group 5: Infrastructure Development - Qingdao Port is developing supporting infrastructure, including the first hydrogen refueling station at a port in China, to facilitate the operation of the "Hydrogen Electric Tug 1" and hydrogen-powered vehicles [6]. - The port has also created an automatic intelligent shore charging device, improving charging efficiency by over 200% during operational downtime [6].

Core Viewpoint - The State Grid Electric Power Research Institute has developed an environmentally friendly radiation cooling coating technology that exhibits excellent cooling and anti-corrosion properties, recognized as internationally advanced [1][2] Group 1: Technology Development - The new coating technology addresses the challenges of heat dissipation in electrical equipment and buildings under extreme heat conditions, contributing to energy savings, equipment safety, and the construction of zero-carbon buildings [1] - The research team replaced traditional low-bandgap materials with high-bandgap, high-refractive index nano-composite fillers to enhance cooling efficiency without energy input [1] Group 2: Performance and Application - Testing shows that the application of the radiation cooling coating can achieve a temperature reduction of 5°C to 16°C in internal components, effectively alleviating overheating issues and extending equipment lifespan [2] - The coating can be directly applied to surfaces of GIS, switchgear, terminal boxes, transformers, and buildings, simplifying the application process without the need to remove existing coatings [2] Group 3: Industry Impact - The promotion of this coating technology will provide technical support for a low-carbon, efficient, and reliable power system, aiding in the construction of green grids and zero-carbon buildings, thus contributing to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals [2]

Core Insights - The first 220 kW high-safety solid-state hydrogen fuel cell emergency power generation system in Southwest China has been officially demonstrated in Chengdu, marking a significant breakthrough in the localization and engineering application of hydrogen energy emergency power sources [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The project is part of the Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau's "2024 Green Low-Carbon Field Project" and was led by Sichuan Rongxin New Energy Power System Co., Ltd., in collaboration with other companies [1] - The system was developed eight months ahead of schedule, showcasing the efficiency of the research and development team [1] Group 2: Technical Innovations - The system integrates five major technological innovations, focusing on an "integrated design of fuel cell + solid-state hydrogen storage" to create a safe and efficient energy emergency system [1] - It utilizes a standard container assembly, incorporating high-efficiency fuel cell power generation technology and low-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage technology [1][2] Group 3: Performance Metrics - The fuel cell system achieves a rated power generation efficiency exceeding 48% and a peak efficiency over 65%, significantly enhancing power generation efficiency [2] - The solid-state hydrogen storage technology allows for hydrogen to be stored at pressures below 4.0 MPa, greatly improving safety compared to traditional high-pressure storage [2] Group 4: Emergency Response Capabilities - The system can store 32 kg of hydrogen and maintain continuous power supply for over 2 hours at a rated output of 200 kW, with the ability to seamlessly replace hydrogen storage modules in milliseconds [2] - It is designed to meet emergency scenarios where power supply cannot be interrupted, ensuring uninterrupted electricity supply [2] Group 5: Future Prospects - The system includes a reserved interface for green electricity consumption, potentially enabling the construction of a closed-loop system for "photovoltaic hydrogen production - valley electricity hydrogen storage - emergency hydrogen use" [2] - This development supports the establishment of the "Chengdu-Chongqing Hydrogen Corridor" [2]

7月17日获悉，广东肇庆浪江抽水蓄能电站引水竖井圆满完成混凝土衬砌浇筑施工，该井将调压井和竖 井合二为一，填补了国内同类规模超深竖井的施工技术空白。 抽水蓄能电站利用山上山下两座水库，在用电低谷时，用富余的电能把水抽到山上；在用电高峰时，再 放水发电。输水系统是整个抽水蓄能电站的枢纽，引水竖井则是这个枢纽的核心区段，保障水能和电能 的安全平稳转换。肇庆浪江抽水蓄能电站引水竖井高达536米，相当于180层楼高，最大直径达15.9米， 为我国水电领域最深大直径竖井。 "该井属于超硬岩地层深竖井，岩石抗压强度最大超过200兆帕，相当于1平方米面积就承受近2万吨重物 的压力。"南方电网储能股份有限公司肇庆浪江抽蓄项目部总经理郑智介绍，针对该蓄能电站竖井开挖 地段岩石硬度高、地下水丰富、超深作业面出渣困难、通风散烟条件差等复杂施工条件，团队巧妙地将 75米高的调压井与461米高的竖井同轴结合布置，创新采用国内首创的正反井结合法进行分段开挖支 护。 据介绍，"上段"调压井安装应用V型井架、主副提升系统、稳车群、伞钻等正井法成套施工设备，从上 至下开挖；"下段"竖井引入高功率反井钻机作业，运用2.5米直径的钻头进行反井法扩 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the innovative advancements in plant-based meat products, particularly focusing on the transformation of soybean protein into high-quality meat alternatives that closely mimic the texture and juiciness of real meat [2][3]. Group 1: Technological Innovations - The research team has developed a new processing technology for high-moisture plant-based meat, addressing the industry's long-standing challenges of texture and moisture retention [2]. - Key technologies include the separation of soybean protein components, modification of functional groups, and the creation of new processing equipment for high-moisture extrusion [2][3]. - The team employs a unique gradient temperature and pressure control technique, allowing for flexible adjustments to maintain high protein content while simulating the fibrous texture and juiciness of animal muscle [2]. Group 2: Market Development - The plant-based lunch meat product has achieved industrialization and is performing well in online sales, particularly appealing to health-conscious consumers [3]. - The research team has established close collaborations with various companies in the fields of plant-based meat, milk, and beverages, indicating a strong market presence and potential for growth [3]. Group 3: Future Directions - The team is expanding its research into the field of plant fermentation, aiming to develop products such as plant-based yogurt and ice cream from soybean protein [3][4]. - The potential applications of soybean protein are vast, suggesting ongoing innovation and exploration in the plant-based food sector [4].

Core Insights - The breakthrough antibody therapy developed by Stanford University School of Medicine shows promising results in Phase I clinical trials, preparing patients for stem cell transplants without relying on traditional toxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy [1][2] - The therapy targets CD117, a key protein on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells, allowing for the precise elimination of the patient's own stem cells while avoiding genetic toxicity [1][3] - The study primarily focused on patients with Fanconi anemia, a hereditary disease with high risks associated with standard stem cell transplants, but the approach is expected to benefit a broader range of genetic disease patients [1][2] Summary by Sections Clinical Trial Results - The new antibody therapy has successfully enabled stem cell transplants for three pediatric patients with Fanconi anemia, all of whom have maintained stable health for over two years post-follow-up [1] - Traditional pre-transplant conditioning often involves toxic treatments that pose significant risks to already vulnerable patients, making this new approach a significant advancement [1][3] Future Implications - The antibody therapy has the potential to expand to more indications, allowing a greater number of patients to benefit from low-toxicity and effective transplant options [2] - The targeted approach of the therapy, akin to a "precision missile," significantly reduces toxicity by selectively clearing defective stem cells, which could lead to treatment opportunities for various blood disorders and other types of cancer [3]

"在一定范围内，水稻接收的光照时间越短，抽穗越快，水稻越早熟。"论文的共同通讯作者、南京 农业大学教授周时荣介绍，水稻的抽穗受光信号与内源生物钟系统的复杂调控。然而，关于光信号整合 至水稻生物钟网络的机制仍迷雾重重。 研究团队克隆了一个在长日照条件下特异性调控水稻抽穗的基因ELD1。该基因功能完全缺失会导 致水稻胚胎死亡，但当特定氨基酸发生突变时，不仅能够显著促进水稻抽穗，而且不会出现明显的农艺 性状缺陷。 原标题：我科学家发现调控水稻抽穗期关键基因 科技日报讯 （记者金凤）挖掘水稻新的抽穗期基因并解析其作用机制，对培育高产、优质、广适 的水稻品种具有重要意义。记者7月21日获悉，中国工程院院士万建民团队通过克隆一个在长日照条件 下特异性调控水稻抽穗的基因，发现该基因可以调控水稻生物钟核心基因OsCCA1的mRNA剪接，影响 水稻抽穗期。相关研究成果日前发表在国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》上。 周时荣介绍，上述研究不仅揭示了光信号调控水稻抽穗期的全新机制，还在分子育种上取得了突 破。研究团队利用碱基编辑技术，对ELD1关键氨基酸进行定点突变，为宁粳7号、宁粳4号等优良品种 培育出早抽穗新种质开辟了新路径。 "本研 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in wastewater treatment plants, specifically focusing on the "garden-style" wastewater treatment plant developed by China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, which enhances the efficiency and accuracy of wastewater management. Group 1: AI Implementation in Wastewater Treatment - The wastewater treatment plant utilizes an AI water management system that enables visualization, prediction, control, and early warning of wastewater treatment processes [1] - The AI system has increased the number of water quality sampling points from 10 to 100, allowing for more precise data collection [1] - The AI system predicts various water quality indicators such as inflow and outflow volumes, ammonia nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus levels [1] Group 2: Operational Efficiency and Accuracy - The plant's design capacity is 400,000 tons per day, but actual inflow can vary significantly due to seasonal and weather factors, ranging from over 500,000 tons to just over 200,000 tons [2] - Initially, the AI system's prediction accuracy was around 80%, but it is expected to improve to 98% with ongoing data training and algorithm optimization [2] - The AI system automates and intelligently adjusts all wastewater treatment processes, including pump operation, chemical dosing, aeration control, and return flow control, achieving fine-tuned management [3] Group 3: Monitoring and Early Warning - The AI system functions as a 24-hour monitoring sentinel, capable of identifying water quality exceedances and data anomalies [3] - In cases of severe water quality exceedance, equipment anomalies, or deviations in process parameters, the AI system provides early warnings to prompt human intervention [3]

原标题：渐进式修复为河流"疗伤" 人类活动正在以前所未有的速度重塑着河流生态。 刘俊国在2024年度中国生态环境十大科技进展发布会上说："全球近50%的河流因水坝、引水工程 等导致连通性减弱，超过一半的河流生物多样性已发生显著变化。"从非洲尼罗河到欧洲莱茵河，从中 国长江到北美密西西比河，这一现象普遍存在。 应对这场危机，现有理论在用于我国河流修复时面临双重困境：国外主流"自修复"理论对于已高度 退化的河流来说，如同"让重症患者自愈"；而国内曾过度依赖的工程手段虽能短期改善水质，却忽略了 生态系统的整体性。"有些河流看起来'干净了'，但水生生物多样性并未恢复——因为水流的自然节律 被破坏，水生生物的产卵场、栖息地消失了。"刘俊国说。 气候变化也在改变河流生态。刘俊国形象比喻道："就像人有昼夜节律，河流也有'四季脉搏'。"河 川径流季节性变化是生态系统的核心"生命线"，但气候变化正悄然改变这一规律。"此前，学界一直没 彻底弄明白，气候变暖到底让河流的季节水量改变了多少？是怎么改变的？"他坦言，"这让我们在修复 河流时像盲人摸象，找不到精准靶点。"在该领域的认知空白，也让现有修复理论受到挑战。 从分析节律到理论创 ...