2000-2023 年东亚中部地区中国北方与蒙古国大规模沙尘事件起尘量及贡献率变化。受访单位供图 研究结果表明，21世纪初以来，大规模沙尘事件频率由每年约9次降至3次，起尘量年均减少约 0.173×106吨，区域整体沙尘活动显著减弱，但2020年至2023年事件次数增至年均5次，总起尘量由 5.70×106吨增至40.3×106吨，增长超过7倍。蒙古国的年均贡献率由21世纪初的43%上升至近年来的 53%，2022年达到年际峰值62%，在2023年4月的一次典型沙尘事件中达到64%，表明蒙古国南部戈壁沙 漠成为东亚中部大规模沙尘事件的主要起尘源区。 分析表明，风速对大规模沙尘事件起主导作用，贡献率46%，而植被覆盖度和土壤湿度对大规模沙 尘事件也分别起到一定作用，各占19%、9%。总体而言，自2020年以来，蒙古国南部风速增强、植被 退化与土壤湿度下降，是近期东亚沙尘事件频发和增强的主要原因。 东亚中部是世界重要的沙尘源区之一，大规模跨境沙尘事件不仅影响中国、蒙古国和日本等，还可 远至北美和欧洲。过去二十余年，我国沙尘活动总体呈下降趋势，但近年来频率和强度显著增加，引发 广泛关注。 中国科学院西北生态环境资源 ...

Core Viewpoint - The transition from a "mathematics powerhouse" to a "mathematics strong nation" in China hinges on cultivating top-tier local talent with original capabilities, as emphasized by renowned mathematician Shing-Tung Yau [3]. Group 1: Importance of Originality in Mathematics - The distinction between competitive mathematics (like Olympiads) and academic research is crucial; competitive math focuses on problem-solving techniques, while true academic inquiry requires independent thinking and addressing fundamental issues [4][7]. - A significant number of Chinese Olympiad winners have not transitioned into groundbreaking mathematicians, indicating a gap between competitive success and original research contributions [4][7]. Group 2: Educational Approaches - Current education in China overly emphasizes problem-solving skills at the expense of critical thinking and creativity, which are essential for producing innovative mathematicians [8][10]. - The approach to training should shift from rote problem-solving to fostering curiosity and independent exploration of mathematical concepts [10][12]. Group 3: Evaluation and Recognition - The existing evaluation system in China is criticized for being overly reliant on quantitative metrics, such as publication counts, rather than assessing the impact and originality of research [13][14]. - A more objective and fair evaluation mechanism is necessary to encourage researchers to tackle significant problems rather than conforming to conventional standards [13][15]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Events - Hosting the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in China would provide a platform for local scholars to showcase their work and gain international recognition, potentially leading to breakthroughs in the field [16][17]. - The anticipated achievements of young mathematicians, such as Wang Hong's work on the "three-dimensional hanging valley conjecture," highlight the potential for China to produce its first Fields Medalist from locally trained talent [17].

维克森林大学医学院研发的无芯片、无电池贴片，可直接贴附于皮肤，配合便携式阅读器实现皮肤癌早 期筛查。图片来源：维克森林大学医学院 美国维克森林大学医学院科学家研发出一款无电池的可穿戴贴片，能更早、更精准地筛查皮肤癌。 相关成果发表于新一期《生物医学创新》杂志。 皮肤癌，尤其是黑色素瘤，是最危险的癌症类型之一。早期发现对治疗至关重要，但目前主要依赖 医生目视检查，这种方式主观性强，容易遗漏早期病变。更精密的诊断手段，如活检和影像学检查，通 常只在专业医疗机构才能开展。 为此，研究团队设计出一款柔性、无需芯片与电池的贴片，可直接贴附于皮肤表面，配合便携式阅 读器无线操作。 这款新型贴片能以无创方式测量皮肤病变处的电特性，即"生物阻抗"。生物阻抗反映了电信号在活 体组织中传导的顺畅程度。癌变区域的电特性往往异于健康皮肤，通过测量生物阻抗，贴片可识别出需 要进一步医学评估的异常区域。标准统计方法已证实，健康皮肤与异常皮肤之间存在显著差异。 研究表明，无论肤色深浅，该贴片都能清晰区分健康皮肤与可疑斑点，并能从痣或病变中捕捉到独 特的电信号。 与主观性较强的目视检查不同，该贴片能提供客观的数字数据，从而减少不必要的活检， ...

Core Insights - The report highlights the continuous growth of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, with total assets reaching 401.7 trillion yuan by the end of 2024, and an average annual increase of 8.6% in R&D expenditure over the past five years [1][2] Group 1: Financial Performance - SOEs have achieved an average annual revenue growth of 6.0% over the past five years, indicating effective enhancement in operational efficiency and reasonable growth in scale [1] Group 2: Technological Innovation - SOEs have made significant advancements in high-end technologies, contributing to national security and achieving breakthroughs in major projects such as the manned space station and lunar exploration [2] - The report emphasizes the importance of fostering a modern industrial system and accelerating the transformation of traditional industries while promoting strategic emerging industries [2] Group 3: Structural Optimization - The government is focused on optimizing the layout and structure of the state-owned economy, including strategic restructuring of central enterprises and integration of local SOEs based on business segments [1][2] - There is a commitment to enhancing the management and operational mechanisms of technology, improving talent evaluation systems, and empowering scientific achievements [2]

Core Insights - An international team, including researchers from Penn State University, has discovered a new exoplanet named GJ 251 c, located less than 20 light-years from Earth, which is classified as a "super-Earth" [1][2] - GJ 251 c orbits a red dwarf star, GJ 251, situated 18.2 light-years away, and has a mass nearly four times that of Earth, suggesting it is likely a rocky planet [1] - The discovery was made possible through 20 years of observational data, focusing on the star's minute "wobble" caused by the planet's gravitational influence [1] Discovery Process - The confirmation of GJ 251 c involved complex processes to filter out noise from the star's surface activity, utilizing data modeling and signal analysis techniques to ensure the detected signals originated from the planet [2] - Although GJ 251 c cannot be directly imaged yet, future ground-based telescopes and planned giant space telescopes are expected to analyze its atmosphere for signs of life [2] Significance of Super-Earths - Super-Earths, like GJ 251 c, are located in the "habitable zone" of their stars, where conditions may allow for stable liquid water, which is essential for life [3] - These planets are considered prime candidates for the search for extraterrestrial life and may also serve as potential future habitats for humanity [3]

Core Insights - Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a biomimetic soft lens that automatically adjusts its focus based on ambient light intensity, showcasing the potential of light-driven soft materials in adaptive visual systems, autonomous soft robots, smart medical devices, and next-generation wearable technology [1][2] Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The device, named Photothermal Hydrogel Soft Lens (PHySL), consists of a hydrogel embedded with light-absorbing graphene oxide, featuring a micro-lens at its center [1] - When exposed to light, graphene oxide absorbs energy and generates heat, causing the hydrogel to contract and stretch the central lens, altering its curvature to achieve pupil dilation and extended focus [1] - The design overcomes the limitations of traditional biomimetic optical systems that rely on electronic components or rigid motors, enabling true autonomous adjustment [1][2] Group 2: Applications and Performance - PHySL has been integrated into conventional bright-field microscopes, successfully capturing high-resolution images of various biological samples, including fine hairs on ant legs and structural details on pollen grains [1] - The lens can automatically adjust its focus under natural lighting conditions, making it suitable for dynamic imaging of multi-layer samples [2] - When incorporated into fiber imaging systems, PHySL maintains clear focus on targets despite changes in illumination [2] Group 3: Material Science - The innovation represents the latest advancement in the rapidly developing field of light-driven soft materials, which convert light energy into mechanical deformation [2] - Key research areas include hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers, and carbon-based composites, which are applicable in constructing micro-robots and artificial muscles [2] - Graphene oxide is highlighted for its broad spectral absorption capabilities and efficient photothermal conversion, often used as a "photothermal engine" embedded in polymers or hydrogels for remote, non-contact precision actuation [2]

光刻技术是推动芯片制程工艺持续微缩的核心驱动力之一。近日，北京大学化学与分子工程学院彭 海琳教授团队及其合作者在《自然-通讯》上披露了他们的新发现。该团队通过冷冻电子断层扫描技 术，首次在原位状态下解析了光刻胶分子在液相环境中的微观三维结构、界面分布与缠结行为，指导开 发出可显著减少光刻缺陷的产业化方案。 该成果经媒体报道后，引起多方关注。冷冻电镜这一常被认为用于生命科学领域的技术，如何进入 芯片制造业并为业界提供指导？ 一问：光刻为什么重要？ 三问：该发现对产业界意味着什么？ 冷冻电镜断层扫描的三维重构带来了一系列新发现。 论文通讯作者之一、北京大学化学与分子工程学院高毅勤教授表示，以往业界认为溶解后的光刻胶 聚合物主要分散在液体内部，可三维图像显示它们大多吸附在气液界面。团队还首次直接观察到光刻胶 聚合物的"凝聚缠结"，其依靠较弱的力或者疏水相互作用结合。而且，吸附在气液界面的聚合物更易发 生缠结，形成平均尺寸约30纳米的团聚颗粒，这些"团聚颗粒"正是光刻潜在的缺陷根源。 "我们由此提出了两项简单、高效且与现有半导体产线兼容的解决方案。一是抑制缠结，二是界面 捕获。"彭海琳说，实验表明，两种策略结合，12 ...

Core Insights - The launch of the first cardiovascular AI-OCT large model in China represents a significant breakthrough in precision vascular interventional treatment (PCI) [1][2] - The AI-OCT model enhances the efficiency and accuracy of OCT imaging while lowering the technical barriers for its use in clinical settings [1][2] Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The麒光AI-OCT model overcomes multiple technical challenges, enabling intelligent recognition of critical features such as vulnerable plaques, calcification distribution, and stent apposition [2] - The system has a misdiagnosis rate lower than the average human physician and can generate results in seconds, significantly reducing the usage threshold for OCT technology [2] Group 2: Clinical Impact - Clinical trials indicate that the AI-OCT system excels in improving diagnostic consistency, shortening interpretation time, and assisting in surgical strategy formulation [2] - The AI-OCT model facilitates a transition from merely viewing images to generating actionable treatment plans, marking a shift towards intelligent medical diagnosis [2] Group 3: Data Quality and Compliance - The reliability of medical AI is fundamentally linked to the quality and compliance of the data used for training, as highlighted by industry experts [1] - The establishment of the East Wall Cardiovascular Corpus, which integrates data from 129 top journals and clinical data, aims to provide a high-quality data foundation for the AI-OCT model [1] Group 4: Accessibility and Equity - The AI-OCT model aims to democratize access to advanced diagnostic capabilities, addressing the disparity in diagnostic skills between grassroots hospitals and top-tier medical institutions [2] - The goal is to translate the expertise of top surgeons into accessible tools for broader healthcare equity, particularly in managing coronary artery disease [2]

Core Insights - The deployment of the DeepGEM model by Guangzhou Kingmed Diagnostics Group aims to enhance cancer diagnosis through accurate and timely gene mutation predictions [1][2] - The collaboration involves Tencent and Guangzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, focusing on developing a multimodal model for pathology and genetics [1][2] Group 1: DeepGEM Model Development - DeepGEM provides accurate predictions of gene mutations related to lung cancer, achieving a prediction accuracy of 78% to 99% within one minute [1] - The model addresses the challenges of conventional gene testing methods, which are often complex, time-consuming, and costly, particularly in resource-limited areas [1] Group 2: Clinical Application and Future Plans - Following successful validation, the three parties will promote the clinical application of DeepGEM for lung cancer gene mutation prediction [2] - There are plans to further develop a multimodal model that integrates various omics data, including pathology, proteomics, and metabolomics, for AI-assisted diagnosis across multiple cancer types [2] Group 3: Vision and Collaboration - The initiative aims to serve as a model for translating clinical research into practical applications, benefiting the public [2] - Kingmed Diagnostics expresses a desire to collaborate with more partners to create intelligent and accessible clinical diagnostic solutions [2]

Core Viewpoint - The integration of artificial intelligence and digital technology with the power system is accelerating, becoming a key driver for the construction of a new power system, which is essential for the low-carbon transition and high-quality development of the energy sector [1][2]. Group 1: Digital Transformation in the Energy Sector - The "Artificial Intelligence + Energy" trend is becoming unstoppable, with digitalization and intelligence in the energy sector entering a new phase [1]. - The construction of a new power system is a critical component of building a new energy system, with digital technology serving as the core engine for the evolution of this new power system [1]. - The power industry has made significant achievements in integrating digital technology and artificial intelligence across the entire industry chain, enhancing the capabilities of the new power system [1]. Group 2: Data as a Key Element - Energy big data is a crucial element in the digital transformation of the power industry, encompassing the entire process of energy production, storage, transportation, and consumption [2]. - The State Grid Corporation has integrated 57 categories and 217.7 billion pieces of energy big data, establishing a two-tier energy big data center to promote data aggregation and provide analysis services [2]. Group 3: Technological Innovations and Market Adaptation - Companies are exploring how to leverage digital technology to address profitability challenges in the energy sector, particularly under the pressures of accelerated energy projects and market-oriented pricing reforms [3]. - The use of AI, weather data, and price forecasting is being employed to reconstruct investment return models, allowing for precise investment strategies in response to market fluctuations [3]. - Experts believe that with ongoing technological advancements and policy support, artificial intelligence will further integrate into the power industry, driving intelligent upgrades of the power grid [3].