科技日报北京12月3日电 （记者张佳欣）每一秒，都有数以万亿计的微小"包裹"在人的血液中穿 行，在体内细胞之间传递重要信息。这些被科学家称为"分子信使"的微粒，实际上是细胞外囊泡。如 今，澳大利亚贝克心脏与糖尿病研究所研究团队首次绘制出了细胞外囊泡的完整分子组分，并以前所未 有的细致程度呈现了信使携带的内容。相关论文发表于最新一期《自然细胞生物学》杂志。 为了让更多人能够了解这一发现，研究团队还开发了名为EVMap的互动式在线资源，免费向全球 科研人员开放。该平台整合了细胞外囊泡的完整分子组分信息，可用于样本比对、机制研究和潜在临床 标志物开发，或将显著提升相关研究的效率。 几十年来，科学界一直试图解析这些纳米级微粒的组成，但血液本身结构复杂，含有大量胆固醇、 抗体和其他纳米颗粒，导致在实验中难以将细胞外囊泡准确分离出来。由于缺乏对细胞外囊泡结构成分 的完整认识，科学家始终无法真正理解它们在体内承担的信息传递功能。 在最新研究中，团队利用超纯分离技术结合多组学分析，对健康人群血浆中的细胞外囊泡进行了系 统解析，最终识别出构成细胞外囊泡核心结构的182种蛋白质和52种脂类。他们还找到了另一组能够将 细胞外囊泡与 ...

科技日报讯 （记者江耘）记者从浙江大学获悉，中国科学院院士、浙江大学航空航天学院交叉力 学中心主任杨卫团队和中国科学院院士、浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院院长蔡秀军团队，历时3年交 叉研究，阐明了"基于活结的力学传导机制"，并创新性研发出"活结智能缝线（Sliputure）"，成功将其 应用于外科缝合，弥补了机器人手术"力盲"缺陷。该研究成果日前以封面文章的形式发表于国际期刊 《自然》。 历经上千次设计迭代，团队完成了"基于活结的力学传导机制"的程序，并最终成功将这一力学"密 码"稳定地"编织"进外科缝线中，研发出Sliputure。 文章通讯作者、浙江大学航空航天学院交叉力学中心教授李铁风说，Sliputure将力学智能融入外科 缝线，其核心在于给活结预设的打开力，刚好等于缝合某一组织时适宜打死结的力。机械臂搭载的自动 识别与反馈系统检测到活结打开信号，会立即停止打"外科结"的动作，实现"感知—反馈—制动"的闭环 控制。 外科手术中闭合组织时需要缝合打结，但"外科结"普遍是死结，一旦打牢很难调整，非常依赖医生 的精巧施力。文章通讯作者、浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院医师陈鸣宇介绍，在传统开放手术中，医 生的双手 ...

Core Insights - The research team from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne has developed a new three-dimensional organoid called "Budoid," which exhibits key features of developing limbs, including symmetry breaking and early cartilage formation [1][2] Group 1: Research and Development - The study published in the journal "Science Advances" highlights the importance of chemical signaling between different cell types during the early stages of embryonic development, particularly in limb formation [1] - Previous organoid models focused mainly on mesodermal cells, neglecting the role of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) and other ectodermal cells in guiding limb formation [2] - The "Budoid" was created using mixed cell populations derived from mouse embryonic stem cells, which naturally formed structures resembling AER, superficial ectoderm, and mesoderm cells, covering all major cell types involved in limb development [2] Group 2: Applications and Implications - "Budoid" provides a novel platform for exploring difficult-to-study areas in embryonic development, such as how cells coordinate behavior, how early structures develop, and how cartilage forms [2] - The implications of this research extend beyond basic science, potentially aiding in congenital disease modeling, testing chemicals that may impair limb development, and advancing regenerative medicine applications [2] - The new stem cell-based approach offers a more ethical alternative to traditional animal experiments in biomedical research, allowing for the reproduction of key embryonic tissue features without the need for large numbers of embryos [3]

Core Viewpoint - The recent launch of the Zhuque-3 rocket by Blue Arrow Aerospace marks China's first attempt at orbital-level recovery verification for reusable rockets, despite the failure of the first stage recovery during landing, highlighting the challenges and complexities involved in rocket recovery technology [1][2]. Group 1: Launch and Recovery Challenges - The Zhuque-3 rocket successfully completed its flight mission, with the second stage entering the designated orbit, but the first stage experienced an abnormal burn during landing, resulting in a failed recovery test [1]. - The recovery of rockets is highly complex, requiring perfect coordination of sensors, grid fins, flight control algorithms, and variable thrust engines, with many issues only becoming apparent during real flight tests [1]. Group 2: Comparison with Global Peers - Compared to the United States, China's commercial space industry is relatively new and has a weaker technological foundation; however, the progress in developing reusable rockets is commendable [2]. - SpaceX, founded in 2002, took 13 years to master rocket recovery technology, while Blue Origin, established in 2000, achieved success with its New Glenn rocket 25 years later; in contrast, Blue Arrow Aerospace, founded in 2015, has already entered the orbital recovery testing phase with the Zhuque-3 [2]. Group 3: Industry Environment and Public Perception - The commercial space sector is an important complement to the national space team, characterized by efficiency, flexibility, low costs, and a willingness to take risks; fostering an environment that embraces failure is crucial for its development [2]. - Following the failure of the Zhuque-3 recovery test, social media reactions were largely supportive and encouraging, reflecting a public understanding of the risks associated with commercial space endeavors and confidence in national technological progress [2].

Core Viewpoint - The "Star Eye" space perception constellation plan by Xingtou Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd. aims to provide innovative solutions for space traffic management and establish a new model for space management services [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Context - The current era is marked by unprecedented activity in space, with a rapid increase in global satellite launches and the deployment of large-scale constellations, indicating a new phase of growth in commercial space [1]. - The increasing congestion in orbital space poses significant challenges, including a surge in space debris and heightened collision risks, threatening the sustainable development of the space environment [1]. Group 2: Company Initiative - The "Star Eye" space perception constellation consists of 156 satellites designed to create a global, responsive near-Earth orbit monitoring network [2]. - The company plans to launch 2 experimental satellites in the first half of 2026, followed by 10 engineering satellites in 2027, with additional enhancement and comprehensive satellites to be launched subsequently [2]. - Utilizing the company's independently developed "Observer" space information analysis platform and the space management service platform "Space Cloud," "Star Eye" will track, determine orbits, and catalog on-orbit satellites, monitor space debris, analyze satellite orbit data, and predict collision risks, thereby providing precise and efficient space traffic management data services [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the prevalence of static electricity during winter and evaluates various popular methods claimed to alleviate static issues, emphasizing the scientific validity of these methods. Group 1: Static Electricity and Its Causes - Static electricity is generated from the transfer of electric charges due to friction and contact between different materials, leading to charge accumulation on surfaces [1] Group 2: Effectiveness of Anti-Static Wristbands - Anti-static wristbands can effectively dissipate static electricity if they are grounded; those without grounding do not provide significant benefits [2][3] - Grounded anti-static wristbands consist of conductive contact points, current-limiting resistors, and grounding wires, allowing static charges to be safely transferred to the ground [2] Group 3: Misconceptions About Common Remedies - The claim that a dry battery can neutralize static electricity is scientifically invalid, as the charges within a battery are fixed and cannot be released without a circuit [4] - The perceived reduction of static when rubbing a battery on clothing is due to a brief discharge of static through the battery's metal casing, not from the battery itself [5][6] Group 4: Moisturizing Methods and Their Limitations - Using body lotion on clothing can reduce static due to its moisture-retaining properties, but it has limitations such as potential staining and short-lived effectiveness [7] - The method is not recommended as a primary anti-static solution due to its drawbacks [7] Group 5: Recommended Anti-Static Solutions - To effectively reduce static electricity, it is advised to maintain indoor humidity levels between 40% and 60%, choose natural fiber clothing, and ensure skin moisture through regular application of lotions [8]

近期"频繁被静电电到会让身体中的钙加速流失"的说法在社交平台被广泛传播，引发公众担忧。 "人们接触静电时感受到的触电感，本质是瞬时电流刺激皮肤表面神经末梢产生的反应。"王建华 说，这种电流的能量远不足以破坏人体细胞结构，更无法影响人体内钙元素的存在状态和代谢过程。 人体中99%的钙以羟基磷灰石结晶形式沉积在骨骼和牙齿中，构成坚硬的组织架构；剩余1%的钙 存在于血液、细胞液等体液中，参与神经传导、肌肉收缩等生理过程。这两种形式的钙均具有稳定的存 在状态，不会因体表静电而发生性质或数量的改变。 "静电既无法分解骨骼中的羟基磷灰石，也不能改变体液中钙离子的浓度，更不会干扰人体调控钙 代谢的生理机制。"王建华说，钙流失源于人体内钙的"收支失衡"，主要有以下三大原因：一是摄入不 足，如日常饮食中钙元素摄入匮乏；二是吸收障碍，如缺乏维生素D影响钙的吸收利用；三是排泄过 多，如骨代谢失衡导致破骨细胞异常活跃、肾脏疾病引发钙排泄异常等。 对此，天津泰达医院骨科主任医师王建华明确表示，静电与人体钙流失之间没有任何科学关联，迄 今为止国内外专业期刊均无相关实证性报道，该说法完全是无稽之谈。 人被静电电到的本质，是物体表面积聚的静 ...

Core Insights - The "2025 Research Frontier" report indicates that China ranks first in the world in the research frontier heat index across six fields [1][2] - The report is based on 13,318 research frontiers from the ESI database, highlighting 110 hot frontiers and 18 emerging frontiers in 11 major disciplines [1] - The overall performance shows the United States leading in half of the research frontiers, while China holds the second position, ranking first in over 40% of the research frontiers [1][2] Group 1 - China ranks first in the research frontier heat index in agriculture science, botany and zoology, ecological and environmental science, chemistry and materials science, physics, information science, and economics, psychology, and other social sciences [2] - The United States ranks first in five fields, with both countries dominating the highest scores across all fields [2] - China ranks second in earth sciences, biological sciences, and mathematics, with notable progress in clinical medicine and astronomy, now within the top five globally [2] Group 2 - The report reflects a solid research foundation, active frontier exploration, and significant academic influence in the leading fields for China [2] - The gap between China and the United States continues to narrow, indicating a trend of increasing competitiveness [2]

Core Viewpoint - The successful development of the HiTS 200 light ion therapy device marks a significant breakthrough in China's advanced cancer treatment equipment sector, offering more precise and efficient treatment options for cancer patients [1][2]. Group 1: Product Development - The HiTS 200 light ion therapy device, developed by Guoke Ion (Hangzhou) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., has completed production and initial adjustments in Lanzhou, with installation and debugging at the Hangzhou research center, and is set to begin beam debugging [1]. - This device integrates multiple ion beam treatment capabilities, including proton, helium, and carbon ion beams, and has the potential for proton CT imaging, enabling more accurate localization and treatment [1][2]. Group 2: Cost and Accessibility - Compared to traditional heavy ion therapy equipment, the HiTS 200 occupies only 1,500 square meters, significantly reducing equipment and construction costs, making it more suitable for implementation in municipal medical institutions [2]. - The device's design allows for flexible treatment plans based on the tumor's location and nature, enhancing accessibility to advanced cancer treatment [2]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The HiTS 200 features advanced technologies such as rapid ion switching, single-cycle energy variation, rapid repeated scanning, and Flash dose delivery, which contribute to its core advantages [2]. - By integrating the self-developed Phoenix treatment planning system, the HiTS 200 can achieve multi-ion combined therapy, allowing for personalized radiotherapy plans tailored to different lesions [2]. Group 4: Industry Impact - The successful development of the first light ion therapy device fills a gap in China's multi-ion integrated treatment equipment sector, potentially advancing the country's radiation therapy technology from conventional to precision and personalized treatment [2]. - The industrialization of this device is expected to significantly lower the costs of high-end ion therapy for cancer patients in China, promoting equitable access and enhancing the international competitiveness of China's medical equipment [2].

Core Insights - The research conducted by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Lausanne reveals the mechanisms by which plant roots guide microorganisms to settle on their surfaces, creating a "settlement map" of root-associated microbes [1][2] - This study provides new targets for the development of microbial fertilizers and offers theoretical and technical pathways for the advancement of carbon-sequestering green agriculture [1] Group 1: Research Findings - The study utilized plant seedling root systems as a model, employing fluorescently labeled live microorganisms and high-resolution imaging techniques to demonstrate that microbial settlement on root surfaces follows a systematic spatial distribution [1] - The integrity of a specific barrier within the root, known as the Casparian strip, is crucial for maintaining this microbial balance, as it prevents the leakage of nutrients and harmful substances from the root [1][2] - When the Casparian strip has gaps, it leads to nutrient leakage, which correlates with an increase in microbial settlement, indicating that the size of the gap directly affects microbial population density [1] Group 2: Mechanisms of Microbial Attraction - The primary component of the leaked substances is amino acids, with glutamine being the most abundant, which significantly influences microbial behavior such as chemotaxis and settlement [2] - The emergence of lateral roots causes gaps in the Casparian strip, resulting in localized glutamine leakage that acts as a signal to attract microorganisms to specific areas of the root [2] - This research not only uncovers the intricate mechanisms by which plants regulate the spatial distribution of root-associated microbes through localized amino acid release but also presents new perspectives for sustainable agricultural development [2]