印度历史上有充满活力的自力更生构想和国家方向。在民族解放运动期间，人们认识到没有经济独立就不可能有政治独立。自力更生是民族解放运动的核 心，当时印度组织了许多行动来抵制英国商品和使用本土产品。 1947年独立后，印度在1948年制定了新的工业政策，旨在建立独立经济。当时印度统治阶级非常清楚，在一个落后的、被殖民的国家建立独立的经济需要国 家发挥强大的作用。这项政策的关键是我们需要快速实现工业化，国家必须通过计划发展在工业化中发挥主导作用，这在某种程度上借鉴了苏联。 我们像苏联一样制定了五年计划。尽管印度不是社会主义国家，但它确实包含了这些方面。大多数的印度大资产阶级，如塔塔和比尔拉，都签署这个计划。 1944-45年印度大资本签署的"孟买计划"其构想的实现是要国家发挥主导作用的。 1953年印度总理尼赫鲁在检查铁路展览上的一些展品 印度斯坦时 报 【文/巴帕·辛哈】 在谈论数字主权之前，我想简单介绍一下印度自力更生之旅的历史背景，特别是工业自力更生，以及数字部分如何融入这个大局。 一些产业被视为对国家的自力更生和经济至关重要。印度试图掌握这些产业——不仅仅是生产最终产品，而是掌握整个供应链。我们还认识到，为了 ...

面对美国以军事、政治、经济等多重手段控制全球南方数字基础设施，扼杀全球南方自主发 展数字技术与AI创新潜力的现状，全球南方如何加强本土能力建设，同时通过多边合作提 升自主发展能力？ 8月初，由华东师范大学国际传播研究院·全球南方学术论坛主办的"全球 南方主权AI与数字主权研讨会"上，来自巴西、俄罗斯、印度、南非、加纳、马来西亚等全 球南方的政策制定者、学者及技术专家围绕这些问题，共同探讨数字主权领域的核心议题， 为构建全球南方数字治理新秩序提供实践路径。 本文为印度Virtunet Systems公司首席技术 官巴帕·辛哈（Bappa Sinha）的发言内容。 【文/巴帕·辛哈】 我们像苏联一样制定了五年计划。尽管印度不是社会主义国家，但它确实包含了这些方面。大多数的印 度大资产阶级，如塔塔和比尔拉，都签署这个计划。1944-45年印度大资本签署的"孟买计划"其构想的 实现是要国家发挥主导作用的。 1953年印度总理尼赫鲁在检查铁路展览上的一些展品 印度斯坦时报 一些产业被视为对国家的自力更生和经济至关重要。印度试图掌握这些产业——不仅仅是生产最终产 品，而是掌握整个供应链。我们还认识到，为了支持这些产业，需 ...

Core Points - The EU and the US announced a new trade agreement detailing tariffs and market access, with the US imposing a 15% tariff on most EU goods while exempting certain products [1] - The EU committed to eliminating tariffs on US industrial goods and providing preferential market access for US seafood and agricultural products [1] - The EU plans to purchase $750 billion worth of US liquefied natural gas, oil, and nuclear products by 2028, along with $40 billion in US AI chips [1][2] Group 1 - The US will impose a 15% tariff on most EU imports, while certain natural resources, aircraft, and generic drugs are exempt [1] - The EU will eliminate tariffs on US industrial products and provide preferential access for US seafood and agricultural goods [1] - The EU aims to significantly increase its procurement of US military and defense equipment [1] Group 2 - The agreement has raised concerns about fairness, with critics arguing it disproportionately favors the US [4][8][16] - There are unresolved issues regarding steel and aluminum tariffs, with no clear solution provided in the agreement [9] - The digital regulatory divide remains a significant point of contention, with no substantial progress made in this area [11] Group 3 - The agreement has been described as a "terrible, complete surrender" by some EU officials, highlighting the lack of reciprocity [8] - Concerns have been raised about the potential negative impact on European growth and employment due to the perceived imbalance in the agreement [16] - The agreement lacks legal binding, raising questions about its long-term viability and enforcement [20][23] Group 4 - The EU is expected to initiate legislation to ensure the US commits to reducing auto tariffs retroactively [23] - The agreement is seen as a "loss control document" for the EU, reflecting its dependency on the US [23][25] - Future negotiations are anticipated to address a fair and balanced trade agreement, although skepticism remains about the EU's leverage [25]

两个月前苹果输掉了与Epic Games的官司，被迫调整美区App Store，除了不再对应用外部的购买行为征 收27%抽成，还被禁止限制开发者引导用户进行应用外购买。被迫做出这些直击"苹果税"软肋的改变， 显然是苹果方面不希望看到的，因此他们也一直在寻求推翻判决中的惩罚性反导向禁令。 据路透社日前公布的相关法庭文件显示，苹果另辟蹊径，并没有选择直接解决问题，而是瞄准了做出这 一判罚的法院。他们认为在此次诉讼中，仅涉及苹果和Epic Games两家公司，但法院却做出了覆盖所有 美国开发者的决定，这一禁令由于超出了法庭的权限，所以应该被推翻。 有趣的是，在大西洋另一端的欧洲，苹果对于反垄断执法机构的处罚决定却是全盘接受。同样是来自路 透社的消息表明，苹果上月对欧盟地区App Store规则及抽成协议进行了重大调整，预计将在未来几周 内获得监管机构的批准，将使得其免于因违反《数字市场法案》（DMA）而面临每日高达5000万欧元 的罚款。 此前在今年4月，欧盟反垄断执法机构对苹果开出了5亿欧元的罚单，理由是其通过商业及技术手段阻止 应用开发者引导用户至App Store以外的渠道完成价格更低的相同交易，此举违反了D ...

Group 1 - The seminar "BRICS 2025: Strategic Cooperation in a Multipolar World" was held in São Paulo, focusing on the leadership role of BRICS nations in global governance and the potential for deeper collaboration between China and Brazil in areas like digital economy and green energy [1] - The Chinese Consul General in São Paulo emphasized the importance of BRICS as a leading force in global governance reform, expressing China's willingness to strengthen strategic cooperation with Brazil under the BRICS framework [1] - The seminar highlighted the accelerating trend of de-dollarization, with countries like China and Brazil exploring local currency settlement mechanisms to enhance financial autonomy and risk resilience [2] Group 2 - The use of direct settlement in local currencies, such as the Chinese yuan and Brazilian real, is expected to bring multiple benefits, including reduced transaction costs and improved negotiation power in international trade [2] - Chinese Agricultural Bank representatives noted the increasing attempts at local currency settlement in sectors like electricity, agriculture, and manufacturing, with a commitment to support Brazilian enterprises through yuan financing [2] - The New Development Bank (NDB) is increasing the proportion of local currency loans for infrastructure projects among BRICS countries, which aids in mitigating exchange rate volatility and promotes financial integration [2]

Group 1 - The European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced a carefully calculated plan that could be one of the most influential moves in the trade war of this decade [1] - The EU is preparing to impose €21 billion in retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods but has postponed these measures until early August, giving Washington a three-week respite [2][4] - The conflict between the EU and the U.S. is not just a simple trade dispute but signals a deeper transformation in global economic rules, challenging the established order since World War II [4][6] Group 2 - The potential "10% solution" represents a significant concession from the initial U.S. position of 30% tariffs, allowing both sides to claim victory while avoiding a full-blown trade war [11][15] - The EU is likely to accept a compromise involving a 10% tariff with exemptions for key industries, which would be less damaging than a 30% tariff [11][16] - The EU's strategy includes a list of products that could be exempt from tariffs, focusing on high-value items that are attractive to U.S. consumers [16] Group 3 - The EU has a complex arsenal of eight countermeasures against U.S. tariffs, including retaliatory tariffs, anti-coercion tools, and potential WTO litigation [25][27] - The "carbon border adjustment mechanism" (CBAM) is a strategic tool that targets high-carbon imports, aligning with the EU's climate goals while impacting U.S. industries [35][36] - The EU's approach includes financial buffers to support affected businesses and workers in case of a trade war, ensuring economic stability [38] Group 4 - If a "10% plus industry exemptions" agreement is reached, European automotive parts companies and luxury goods manufacturers are expected to benefit significantly [44][45] - U.S. agricultural producers may also gain from increased exports to the EU, as part of the concessions made during negotiations [48] - The potential for a rebound in the euro is noted, contingent on the resolution of trade tensions and the European Central Bank's monetary policy [50] Group 5 - The ongoing trade conflict is reshaping the global market environment, with companies needing to adapt to new rules and uncertainties [6][7] - The EU's focus on green and digital initiatives will continue to drive investment in renewable energy and digital compliance infrastructure [58] - Companies with strong pricing power or essential goods are positioned to withstand inflationary pressures resulting from tariffs and supply chain disruptions [60]

Group 1 - A recent survey indicates that German tech startups are becoming more cautious about collaboration with the U.S. due to changes in the American political landscape [1] - 70% of the surveyed companies believe that a potential re-election of Trump poses risks to the German economy [1] - 87% of the startups advocate for Germany to enhance its digital sovereignty and reduce dependence on the U.S. [1] Group 2 - 35% of the startups are taking a wait-and-see approach regarding partnerships with American companies or projects [1] - 31% of the companies are reassessing whether to accept funding from American investors [1]

Core Viewpoint - The European Commission is set to unveil an ambitious plan to establish a competitive quantum computing ecosystem in Europe, addressing funding and expertise challenges in the sector [1][2]. Group 1: Funding and Investment Challenges - The lack of funding opportunities, particularly in venture capital, is forcing many European quantum startups to relocate to the United States for business expansion [1][2]. - Despite having strong scientific capabilities and promising startups, Europe faces a dual challenge of funding and talent loss in the quantum technology sector [2]. Group 2: Strategic Measures for Quantum Ecosystem - The upcoming strategy aims to consolidate expertise, resources, and knowledge to build a quantum ecosystem within the EU, addressing the productivity gap with the US [3]. - The EU's flagship research funding program, Horizon Europe, will continue to support quantum research, and a Scale-Up Europe Fund is being prepared to assist tech companies in scaling [3]. Group 3: Digital Sovereignty Agenda - The quantum strategy is part of a broader digital sovereignty agenda aimed at reducing reliance on large US tech companies, with investments in AI, quantum computing, and semiconductors deemed crucial for technological sovereignty [4]. - The EU's recent initiative to establish five AI gigafactories has attracted 76 responses, with potential investments reaching €230 billion, significantly enhancing capabilities in AI development [4].

Core Insights - European companies are increasingly dependent on American cloud computing giants like Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, which control approximately two-thirds of the EU cloud market [1][6] - This dependency poses risks, as U.S. laws allow the government to access data stored by these cloud providers, raising concerns among European CEOs and governments [4][11] - The geopolitical climate has intensified these concerns, prompting European companies to consider alternatives to reduce reliance on U.S. cloud services [5][6] Market Dynamics - The dominance of U.S. cloud providers is attributed to their ability to invest heavily in data centers, offering reliable and cost-effective services [1] - The potential cost of building a fully localized European cloud ecosystem is estimated at €5 trillion, with EuroStack suggesting an investment of €300 billion over the next decade [6][6] - European companies face significant challenges in transitioning to local alternatives, including high costs and lengthy processes [6][7] Strategic Responses - Major cloud providers have begun to address these concerns by offering "sovereign solutions" that claim to give EU customers more control over their data [7] - However, skepticism remains regarding the effectiveness of these solutions in truly safeguarding European data from U.S. government access [7][11] - Some companies are exploring hybrid models, such as the "walled garden" approach, which allows for local data management while utilizing U.S. cloud technology [7][8] Customer Behavior - Many European clients are locked into long-term contracts with U.S. cloud providers, making immediate transitions to local alternatives challenging [8] - The EU Commission has expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of local solutions to reduce reliance on Microsoft 365, indicating a broader concern within the region [11]

Core Viewpoint - The heavy reliance of the Netherlands on American cloud services raises significant concerns about digital sovereignty and national security, especially in light of recent political tensions and incidents involving U.S. sanctions [1][2][3] Group 1: Dependence on American Cloud Services - A recent survey revealed that a vast number of Dutch public institutions, including government agencies and critical infrastructure operators, outsource their email and cloud services to American companies, with Microsoft holding a 60% market share in email services [1] - 63% of large Dutch enterprises and 60% of critical infrastructure companies, such as banks and water supply firms, depend on American cloud platforms like Microsoft and Google [1][2] - The Dutch government and various ministries are significantly reliant on Microsoft services, with 9 out of 15 ministries using its cloud solutions [1] Group 2: Risks and Security Concerns - Experts warn that key Dutch websites, including those of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Central Bank, could theoretically be shut down or altered by U.S. entities due to this dependence [2] - The U.S. government's ability to access Dutch data, even stored within the EU, poses a substantial risk to national security, especially in times of political conflict [2] - A report from a Dutch think tank emphasizes the need for the Netherlands to accelerate the development of local or European cloud service alternatives to mitigate systemic reliance on U.S. technology [2] Group 3: Academic and Political Response - The Dutch academic community is actively addressing the risks associated with U.S. digital storage, launching initiatives to back up critical research data stored on American servers [3] - The Dutch Parliament has passed several motions urging the government to reduce dependence on U.S. cloud services and to promote the development of domestic or European alternatives [3] - There is increasing pressure from lawmakers for the Dutch government to present actionable plans to enhance digital infrastructure resilience [3]