转自：北京日报客户端 推荐书目 《中国的公与私·公私》，【日】沟口雄三著，生活·读书·新知三联书店 《自由主义》（第四版），李强著，上海三联书店 《英国个人主义的起源》，【英】艾伦·麦克法兰著，商务印书馆 2025年，我因对诉讼收费、群体纠纷、公益诉讼等问题的关注和研究，开始重新思考国家与社会、公共 与个体、互助与竞争等问题，由此构成了贯穿全年的阅读书单。 日本学者关于中国社会"公"与"私"的思考 （作者为清华大学法学院副院长、教授） 来源：北京日报客户端 作者: 陈杭平 日本学者沟口雄三的系列著作，对中国从传统到当下的"公"的独特性及其演变进行了分析：与日本相对 照，中国的"公"除了共同体之公、国家之公，在外圈层还有作为原理性、道义性的"天下之公"，以此形 成对政治的检视。所谓"天下之公"，自明末以来指的是个体"私"均得到满足和调和，即人人各得其所又 彼此共存，或者说"合天下之私以成天下之公"（顾炎武）。在这一过程中，"私"逐渐由否定性转向正 面，其内涵不断扩张，并经三民主义被社会主义所吸纳。这种意义上的"公"可称为"连带的公"，诸多历 史与当下表象皆源于此。阅读可从同名的《中国的公与私·公私》入手，并拓展 ...

帕维尔·杜罗夫表示，他的亲生子女将平等地分得他的遗产。 图源：朱塞佩·卡卡塞/AFP/GETTY IMAGES 导语：人人都有继承权。 2024年夏，莫斯科南部一家生育诊所因一则与众不同的营销宣传——免费捐赠精子，迎来了一众容貌姣好的女性前来咨询。 这批精子的捐赠者，正是即时通讯软件电报（Telegram）的创始人、亿万富豪帕维尔·杜罗夫。 该诊所通过各类行业会议、社交媒体及新闻网站对外宣传称，杜罗夫的精子具备高基因适配性，并明确表示，将为37岁以下、有意使用这份"抢 手"精子的女性支付体外受精费用。 这家名为阿尔特拉维塔（AltraVita）的诊所官网至今仍挂着宣传横幅，杜罗夫的照片与 Telegram 的标志并列，醒目地推广着他的"生物遗传材 料"。 "前来咨询的患者条件都很出众，她们学历高、身体康健。"曾在该诊所任职、为多名志愿者做过检查的一位医生透露，为避免产生法律纠纷，参与 该项目的女性必须是未婚状态。"这些女性都希望能怀上一位'优质男士'的孩子，她们认为杜罗夫就是理想的父亲人选。" 现年41岁、定居迪拜的杜罗夫曾在 Telegram 发布公开帖称，除了与三名不同女性生育的六个孩子外，他通过捐精已在 ...

Core Points - The article discusses the contrasting perspectives on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the American Communist Party (ACP), highlighting the ACP's admiration for the CCP's people-centered development approach and its relevance to addressing social issues in the U.S. [1][2][5] - The dialogue between Wang Wen and Haz Al-Din explores the potential for socialist movements in the U.S. and the historical context of socialism in America, emphasizing the need for a new social order based on shared values rather than existing political structures [3][6][10] - The ACP's strategy involves building a foundation for public interest services and community organization in anticipation of potential systemic failures in the U.S. political system [9][12][20] Summary by Sections Section 1: Ideological Perspectives - The ACP views the CCP's development model as a valuable example for addressing the widening wealth gap and social issues in the U.S. [1][2] - Haz Al-Din argues that despite the U.S. being perceived as anti-communist, there is a significant sentiment for socialist principles among the American populace [5][6] Section 2: Current Political Climate - The article highlights the signs of a potential breakdown in the U.S. constitutional order, with increasing social unrest and dissatisfaction among citizens regarding the "American Dream" [6][10] - Haz Al-Din suggests that while a socialist revolution is unlikely under current conditions, extreme scenarios could lead to the ACP playing a crucial role in unifying the country [7][9] Section 3: International Relations and Cooperation - The ACP is actively seeking to establish connections with socialist and communist parties worldwide, particularly with the Russian Communist Party [19][20] - The ACP aims to redefine its understanding of global political dynamics, rejecting simplistic labels for countries like China and Russia, and focusing on the real struggles for national sovereignty and alternative economic models [20][21] Section 4: Learning from the CCP - The ACP has institutionalized the study of CCP history and ideology, recognizing its contributions to the development of Marxism-Leninism [21][22] - Haz Al-Din emphasizes the importance of understanding Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a comprehensive grasp of contemporary socialist theory [23][24] Section 5: Long-term Goals - The ACP has set a long-term vision for revitalizing the American communist movement, aiming for significant grassroots support by 2036 [26][27] - The party acknowledges the challenges ahead and emphasizes a gradual approach to achieving its objectives, likening the movement to a marathon rather than a sprint [27][29]

Core Argument - The book "Illiberal America: A History" by Steven Hahn provides a critical historical perspective on the intertwining of liberalism and illiberalism in shaping American political thought and society, particularly in the context of contemporary right-wing populism [3][4][6]. Summary by Sections Historical Context - Hahn argues that the traditional narrative linking America with liberalism has overlooked the significant role of illiberalism throughout American history, which has often been intertwined with liberal ideals [4][5][11]. - The author emphasizes that illiberalism is not merely a reaction against liberalism but has been a central force in American political and cultural development [6][7]. Key Concepts - The terms "illiberal" and "illiberalism" have gained recognition as challenges to liberal democratic norms, promoting nationalist, religiously defined, and often exclusionary governance [6][9]. - Hahn highlights that illiberalism manifests in various forms, including authoritarianism and populism, and is often associated with right-wing movements, although it can also appear in leftist contexts [10][12]. Historical Narrative - The book traces the evolution of illiberal thought from the colonial period through significant historical events such as the American Revolution, Civil War, and the rise of modern right-wing movements [11][14]. - Hahn critiques the notion that liberalism has always been the dominant force in American history, instead illustrating how illiberal practices have shaped political and social realities [12][15]. Contemporary Relevance - The author connects the rise of contemporary right-wing populism, exemplified by Donald Trump's presidency, to long-standing historical trends of illiberalism in America [13][14]. - Hahn argues that understanding the historical roots of illiberalism is crucial for addressing current political challenges and rethinking the significance of liberalism in American society [16].

Group 1 - The core argument of the articles revolves around the contrasting narratives of American history, particularly the coexistence of liberalism and illiberalism [3][4][16] - The book "The Trouble with Freedom" by Steven Hahn aims to challenge the mainstream narrative that views liberalism as the sole core tradition in American history, highlighting the persistent presence of illiberalism [4][16] - Hahn's work suggests that the current societal divisions in the U.S. are not new but rather a continuation of historical tensions between freedom and non-freedom [4][16] Group 2 - The historical context provided includes references to Alexis de Tocqueville's observations on American democracy and Abraham Lincoln's warnings about societal threats, illustrating the duality in American political thought [2][3] - The book discusses the evolution of the concept of freedom in America, from classical liberalism focused on individual rights to a broader understanding that includes social justice and identity issues [17][18] - The narrative also critiques the oversimplification of political ideologies in contemporary discourse, emphasizing the complexity of American political culture and the need for nuanced understanding [19][20]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article revolves around the strategies of various candidates in the upcoming Japanese Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) presidential election, highlighting their efforts to secure support from different political factions [2][4]. - Agriculture Minister Shinjiro Koizumi has invited Finance Minister Katsunobu Kato to serve as his election strategy chief, aiming to attract support from conservative factions within the party [4]. - Former Economic Security Minister Yoshihide Suga is pushing forward a controversial disaster management agency proposal, seeking to gain the backing of current Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba's supporters [2][5]. Group 2 - Koizumi expressed confidence in Kato's involvement, indicating that it would strengthen his campaign and emphasized the importance of party unity to avoid divisions between conservative and liberal factions [4][5]. - Yoshihide Suga's shift towards promoting the disaster agency proposal suggests a strategic move to appeal to Ishiba's voter base, especially since Ishiba garnered significant support in the previous election [5]. - Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga highlighted the importance of maintaining consistent policies, noting signs of wage increases outpacing inflation, which could influence voter sentiment [8]. Group 3 - Former LDP Secretary-General Toshimitsu Motegi is focusing on attracting younger voters, acknowledging the party's loss of support among this demographic and emphasizing the need for appealing policies [8][9]. - Motegi has launched social media accounts to engage with younger audiences and has committed to revitalizing the Japanese economy and the LDP over the next two years [9]. - Former Economic Security Minister Sanae Takaichi's camp suggests a need to broaden support and mitigate excessive conservative tendencies, as her past actions have sparked controversy [9].

Core Points - The tragic shooting of Charlie Kirk, a prominent conservative activist and ally of former President Trump, occurred during a public event in Utah, leading to widespread attention and discussions about gun violence in the U.S. [1][2][11] - Kirk was a significant figure in the "Make America Great Again" (MAGA) movement, known for his vocal support of conservative values and gun rights, which has sparked both admiration and criticism [4][5][12] Group 1: Incident Overview - On September 10, during an event at Utah Valley University, Charlie Kirk was shot, resulting in his death, which was confirmed by President Trump shortly after [1][2] - The shooting occurred shortly after Kirk was engaged in a discussion about gun violence, highlighting the irony of the situation [7][8] - The shooter was reported to have fired from a nearby rooftop, and law enforcement initially struggled to apprehend the suspect [9][10] Group 2: Background on Charlie Kirk - Charlie Kirk, born in 1993, was a notable conservative figure who co-founded Turning Point USA, an organization aimed at promoting conservative values on college campuses [3][4] - He gained prominence through public speaking and media appearances, advocating for issues such as gun rights and family values [4][5] - Kirk's influence among young conservatives was significant, as he helped shape the narrative around the MAGA movement [12][14] Group 3: Reactions and Implications - The shooting has prompted a wave of condemnation from both sides of the political spectrum, with leaders like President Biden and former President Obama denouncing the violence [11][12] - Analysts suggest that Kirk's death may exacerbate the already polarized political climate in the U.S., potentially leading to further violence [12][16] - Trump's response to the incident, including plans to honor Kirk posthumously, indicates an attempt to galvanize his base and reinforce the MAGA movement [14][16]

Core Points - The assassination of Charlie Kirk marks a significant escalation in political violence in the United States, reflecting a deepening political polarization and the normalization of hate politics [3][20][26] - Kirk's death has sparked a divided response on social media, with conservative figures mourning him while left-leaning individuals mock his demise, indicating a troubling trend of dehumanization in political discourse [12][14][15] Group 1: Incident Overview - Charlie Kirk was shot and killed during a public speaking event in Utah, attended by approximately 3,000 people [1][2] - The shooting is being investigated by the FBI, with initial assessments suggesting it was a single perpetrator act, and the motive remains unclear [2][3] - Utah's governor labeled the incident a "political assassination," and former President Trump ordered flags to be flown at half-staff in Kirk's honor [2][8] Group 2: Charlie Kirk's Background - Kirk, born in 1993, became politically active after the 2008 financial crisis and co-founded Turning Point USA at the age of 18 to promote conservative views among youth [4][5] - He transformed Turning Point USA into a well-funded media organization, gaining millions of followers through social media and his radio show [5][6] - Kirk's confrontational style and controversial statements have made him a polarizing figure, appealing to many young conservatives while inciting significant opposition [5][6][21] Group 3: Political Climate and Reactions - The political landscape has become increasingly hostile, with both parties condemning violence while maintaining their ideological frameworks [11][12] - Social media has amplified the divide, with many on the left openly mocking Kirk's death, reflecting a broader trend of dehumanization in political rhetoric [12][14][15] - The incident highlights the fragility of civil discourse and the potential for political violence to escalate further, as seen in the reactions from both sides of the political spectrum [20][24][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the frustration and helplessness of the EU in the face of U.S. trade policies, particularly the recent court ruling that deemed Trump's tariffs illegal, rendering the EU's concessions meaningless [1][3][5]. Group 1: EU's Position and Reactions - The EU's recent concessions to the U.S. are now seen as a waste, especially after the U.S. court ruling that could lead to the removal of tariffs [1][5]. - EU leaders, particularly from France, are expressing strong opposition to the previous "surrender policy" and are considering investigations into U.S. tech giants [5]. - The EU's attempts to avoid conflict with the U.S. to prevent benefits to China and Russia have backfired, leaving the EU in a vulnerable position [5][9]. Group 2: U.S. Internal Dynamics - Trump's administration continues to use tariffs as leverage against other countries, while the U.S. court has declared many of these measures illegal due to lack of congressional authorization [3][6]. - The internal conflict in the U.S. between Trump and the judiciary reflects a broader struggle over the direction of U.S. economic policy, with potential implications for international agreements [8][9]. - Trump's approach suggests a shift towards a form of state capitalism, as he plans to invest in tech and military industries, raising concerns about the future of U.S. economic policy [6][8].

Group 1 - The article discusses the duality of America, highlighting the coexistence of liberalism and non-liberalism throughout its history [2][4] - It emphasizes that the liberal tradition in America has often overshadowed its non-liberal aspects, which include white supremacy and hierarchical exclusion [4][6] - The book "The Crisis of Freedom" by Steven Hahn provides a historical perspective on America's current challenges, arguing that non-liberalism has been a structural part of its political development for 250 years [1][11] Group 2 - The rise of populism in America, exemplified by Donald Trump, is rooted in a deep social foundation and historical inevitability, reflecting the frustrations of white working-class communities [7][10] - Trump's support base includes three main factions: the MAGA movement, traditional right-wing Wall Street supporters, and Silicon Valley tech elites, although tensions exist within these groups [7][9] - The article notes that the political landscape is highly polarized, with significant divisions between Republican and Democratic parties, further exacerbated by economic inequality [10][11] Group 3 - Economic inequality in America is highlighted, with 1% of the population holding a disproportionate amount of wealth, leading to social unrest and movements like Occupy Wall Street [11][12] - The decline of manufacturing in the U.S. has resulted in the deterioration of many white working-class communities, contributing to the rise of populist sentiments [12][14] - The article suggests that understanding America's complexities is crucial for engaging with it effectively, especially in the context of its historical and philosophical underpinnings [14][17]