Core Viewpoint - The Deputy Governor of Bank Indonesia emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between monetary stability and economic growth [1] Group 1 - The central bank remains focused on ensuring that monetary policy supports both stability and growth in the economy [1] - There is an ongoing commitment to monitor economic indicators to adjust policies as necessary to achieve this balance [1]

高盛集团经济学家最新预测，鉴于特朗普总统的关税政策将拖累经济增长，美联储和欧洲央行今年将各 降息三次。 以简.哈祖斯为首的经济学家团队现预计美联储将在7月、9月和11月降息，而此前预测为今年降息两 次、2026年降息一次。斯文.贾里.斯特恩领衔的另一组经济学家指出，欧盟增长预期下调强化了欧洲央 行将在4月和6月降息的预期，目前预计7月还将进一步降息25个基点。 这是高盛经济学家不到一个月内第二次上调关税影响预估，目前预计2025年美国平均关税税率将上升15 个百分点。期间特朗普总统持续加码关税攻势，对钢铁、铝和汽车征收新关税，并计划于4月2日实施对 等关税措施。 特朗普政府将对欧盟实施15个百分点的互惠关税，自2025年起将对欧盟的总有效关税税率提高20个百分 点。 更高的税收将推高美国的消费价格。高盛目前预计，2025年底核心个人消费支出通胀率将同比上涨 3.5%。该行经济学家还将2025年美国第四季度GDP增长预测下调半个百分点，至1%。2025年底失业率 预测上调0.3个百分点，至4.5%。"关税带来的经济下行风险增加了2019年式'保险性'降息组合的可能 性，根据我们修订后的经济预测，这现已成为最可能 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the impact of Trump's tariff policies on gold prices, with gold trading at $3075.94 per ounce, reflecting a 0.64% increase [1] - The 25% tariff on automobiles is likened to a stone thrown into the global economic lake, creating ripples that affect various economic factors [1] - The Federal Reserve faces unprecedented policy dilemmas due to potential inflationary pressures from tariffs and the risk of economic growth slowdown [1] Group 2 - Gold prices have shown a rebound after a brief decline, with potential to reach resistance levels between $1348 and $2075 [2] - If gold fails to break through resistance, there is a risk of a pullback to trendline support, which could present a buying opportunity [2] - The short-term outlook for gold remains bullish, with key support levels identified at the 5-10 day moving averages [2]

自特朗普上台执政后，美国政府的关税政策如同高悬的达摩克利斯之剑，不仅加剧了国内的通货膨胀，更 对美国经济发展构成威胁。如何在刺激经济增长与控制通货膨胀之间找到平衡点，成为美联储亟待解决的 棘手难题。上周三，美联储在最新一次的议息会议中做出决定，将联邦基金利率保持在4.25%至4.5%区间 不变，这一举措符合市场预期。这也是美联储连续第二次在货币政策会议上选择暂停降息行动。 根据广开首席产研院的报告，近期美国一系列关键数据表现疲软，消费、就业、投资等领域的负面影响已 不断显现。美国2月零售销售额增幅低于预期，且1月数据被向下修正；3月份消费者信心指数为57.9，连 续三个月下滑，是自2022年11以来该指数的最低水平；美国2月份季调后非农就业人口增加15.1万人，低 于市场预期的16万人，1月数据从14.3万人下修至12.5万人，2月失业率也升至4.14%，接近一年来的上 限；随着美国衰退预期不断发酵，资金大量正从美国股市流出。此次美联储将2025年美国国内生产总值 增速的预测中值从去年底预测的2.1%下调为1.7%，也反映出对经济前景的担忧。 年和2023年接近3%的水平明显放缓。 另一方面，美联储又不得不高 ...

自特朗普上台执政后，美国政府的关税政策如同高悬的达摩克利斯之剑，不仅加剧了国内的通货膨胀，更 对美国经济发展构成威胁。如何在刺激经济增长与控制通货膨胀之间找到平衡点，成为美联储亟待解决的 棘手难题。上周三，美联储在最新一次的议息会议中做出决定，将联邦基金利率保持在4.25%至4.5%区间 不变，这一举措符合市场预期。这也是美联储连续第二次在货币政策会议上选择暂停降息行动。 不过，由于美国经济的不确定性增加，美联储同步宣布，将从下月起放慢缩减资产负债表（缩表）的步 伐。这是联储自去年6月以来首次调整缩表。自2022年6月至去年底，美联储已累计缩表近2万亿美元。 同时，美联储还下调了美国经济增长预期并上调通胀预期。根据美联储的预测，通胀率将从目前的2.5% 上升至年底的2.7%，仍高于美联储2%的目标；而今年美国GDP增速预期则从2.1%下调至1.7%，较2022 年和2023年接近3%的水平明显放缓。 美联储主席鲍威尔在会上承认，特朗普的政策举措——包括关税、移民、财政政策和放松监管——将对经 济产生重大影响，并强调这些效应尚未被完全消化："当前的不确定性异常高企，我们将不得不观察事态 实际如何发展。"然而，他 ...

Economic Insights - The Federal Reserve is expected to cut interest rates twice this year, with the core inflation forecast raised from 2.5% to 2.8%[11] - South Africa's government debt is projected to exceed 76% of GDP in the medium term, necessitating structural reforms to stimulate economic growth[12] - Saudi Arabia's economy is expected to grow by 1.3% in 2024, supported by a 9% increase in money supply[13] Political Developments - Turkey's political landscape is destabilized following the arrest of opposition leader İmamoğlu, leading to significant market turmoil with the lira dropping 14.5% against the dollar[3][4] - Germany's president signed a fiscal reform allowing for over €440 billion in new debt for defense and infrastructure, marking a significant shift in fiscal policy[7][10] Market Reactions - Turkey's 10-year bond yields surged by nearly 139 basis points to 29.58% amid political unrest and market volatility[4] - Brazil's central bank raised its benchmark interest rate to 14.25% to combat rising inflation and economic uncertainty[19] Regional Economic Trends - Egypt's economy is recovering, with remittances increasing by over 51% to $29.6 billion, aided by a floating exchange rate policy[16] - Argentina's GDP is projected to shrink by 1.7% in 2024, driven by declines in private and public consumption[20] Investment and Funding - Pakistan approved 28 major investment projects from Gulf countries, potentially exceeding $28 billion in total investment[24] - France is launching a €450 million defense fund amid rising security concerns, reflecting increased military spending priorities[25]

作为中国向全球回应经济发展热点、释放开放合作信号的重磅会议，中国发展高层论坛今年迎 来2 5周年。中国发展高层论坛2 0 2 5年年会于3月2 3日至2 4日在北京钓鱼台国宾馆召开。 今年中国发展高层论坛的主题为"全面释放发展动能，共促全球经济稳定增长"。会议期间，中 外嘉宾将围绕宏观政策、改革、提振消费、新质生产力、人工智能等议题举行1 2场专题研讨 来源：中国青年报 会。 上述专题研讨会分别聚焦宏观政策与经济增长、改革激发增长新动能、提振消费与扩大内需、 以科技创新引领新质生产力发展、人工智能普惠包容发展、人口结构变化的挑战与机遇、经济 全球化新趋势与扩大制度型开放等重要领域。 这是两会后举办的首个国家级大型国际论坛， 吸引了1 0 0多位外方代表参加，今年首次参会的 跨国企业数量创下新高 。 国务院总理李强3月2 3日上午在北京出席中国发展高层论坛2 0 2 5年年会开幕式并发表主旨演 讲。李强指出，今年春节前后，中国经济涌现出一批现象级的亮点。电影、冰雪、文旅等消费 市场热点纷呈，展现了国内经济循环的巨大潜力。以"杭州六小龙"等初创企业为代表的科技突 破不断涌现，展现了创新创造的巨大能量。绿色家电、新 ...

Core Viewpoint - Germany's fiscal policy is undergoing a significant shift with the recent approval of a massive fiscal plan aimed at funding defense, infrastructure, and climate investments, potentially leading to continued growth in the German stock market and increased interest in European assets [1][4][5]. Fiscal Policy Changes - The new legislation includes the establishment of a €500 billion special fund for infrastructure investments over the next 12 years, with allocations of €300 billion for the federal government, €100 billion for state governments, and €100 billion for a climate transition fund [5]. - The "debt brake" rules have been adjusted, allowing defense spending exceeding 1% of Germany's GDP to be exempt from these restrictions, and aid to Ukraine is also included in the exemptions [5]. - Federal states are granted additional borrowing capacity equivalent to 0.35% of GDP, approximately €16 billion annually, for investment projects without the need to achieve budget balance [5]. Economic Impact - The substantial funding from the reforms is expected to stimulate economic growth through increased investments in infrastructure, climate protection, and defense, aligning Germany with post-2020 trends of fiscal expansion seen in the U.S. [6]. - Annual government spending is projected to increase by approximately €220 billion, with specific contributions from the special fund, military spending, and state government expenditures [6]. - The fiscal expansion could boost Germany's GDP by 1% to 2% by 2026, with varying impacts based on different economic scenarios [7]. Financial Market Effects - European assets have shown a notable upward trend, with the Stoxx50 index rising by 10.78% and the German DAX index by 14.98% year-to-date [9]. - The increase in government spending will likely lead to a rise in bond yields due to higher supply in the bond market, with German 10-year bond yields potentially surpassing the 3% mark [9]. - The expansionary fiscal policy may also exert upward pressure on inflation, influencing the European Central Bank's monetary policy decisions [9]. Historical Context - The shift in Germany's fiscal policy marks a departure from the austerity measures adopted following the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent European debt crisis, which had constrained fiscal expansion [10]. - The new fiscal approach could signal a broader shift in Europe towards more aggressive fiscal policies, potentially reversing the trend of economic divergence between Europe and the U.S. [10].

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has extended its wait-and-see approach on interest rates while raising inflation forecasts and lowering economic growth and employment outlooks for the year [2][4]. Group 1: Federal Reserve's Decisions - The Federal Reserve has kept the federal funds rate stable at around 4.3% as it assesses the impact of various policies from the Trump administration on the economic outlook [2][4]. - Recent economic predictions show that 11 out of 19 decision-makers expect at least two rate cuts this year, a decrease from 15 officials' expectations in December [4]. - The inflation rate is projected to rise from 2.5% in January to 2.7% due to tariffs, with officials indicating that progress in reducing inflation may be temporarily delayed [4][5]. Group 2: Economic Indicators - Recent economic data presents mixed signals, with consumer sentiment declining and stable hiring, as evidenced by a 4.1% unemployment rate in February [6]. - The GDP growth rate for 2025 is now forecasted at 1.7%, down from 2.1% predicted in December [4][5]. - Despite a slowdown in consumer spending, the labor market remains robust, but uncertainty in policies is affecting loan demand and business operations [6]. Group 3: Inflation and Consumer Expectations - The Federal Reserve's response will largely depend on whether businesses and consumers expect sustained price increases, as these expectations can become self-fulfilling [7]. - There is growing concern that tariffs may lead to inflationary psychology among consumers and businesses, prompting them to raise prices preemptively [7]. - The Federal Reserve has approved a plan to slow the reduction of its $6.8 trillion asset portfolio, allowing $5 billion in Treasury securities to mature each month without reinvestment, down from the current pace of $25 billion [7].

证券研究报告 | 海外宏观 【兴证宏观 | 经济脉搏】海外周报 2025.03.10-2025.03.16 风险偏好下降 分 析 师：.段 超（S0190516070004） 卓 泓（S0190519070002） 研究助理：王祉凝 报告日期：2025年3月16日 投资要点 KEY POINTS 美国：经济软指标继续降温但就业暂保持韧性，美元与美债利率继续震荡，关税不确定性压制美股。周三发布的美国CPI全面弱于预期后，市场对 滞胀担忧或有所缓和，推动美债利率、美元上涨；后半周公布的初请失业金人数下降，绝对水平仍较低，3月消费者信心指数继续下滑。2月末3月 初市场的衰退担忧暂缓，美元与美债利率横盘震荡；而关税不稳定性继续抑制风险偏好，美股下跌、黄金上涨，现货黄金一度涨破3000美元/盎司。 政策反复与政府裁员动摇居民收入和企业投资预期，美国经济短期内或继续偏弱运行，但由于失业率等硬指标仍存韧性，市场对下周FOMC会议上 降息预期微弱，关注新一期点阵图对未来通胀、利率走势的指引以及鲍威尔表态。财政方面，截至周五，众议院提出的新一版持续决议（用于将联 邦政府自由裁量支出维持到本财年结束，详参《 美国财政整顿 》）赶 ...