每经记者 李彪 每经编辑 陈旭 全球变暖正在快速影响着地球南北极的海冰面积。 4月28日，中国气象局举行新闻发布会，发布4月全国天气气候特征、"五一"假期天气预报、5月气候趋势预测及气象服务提示等，同时还发布了2024年度 《极地气候变化年报》及《防雷减灾管理办法》。 2024年度《极地气候变化年报》显示，南极海冰范围年度最低值为197万平方公里，是史上第三低的纪录。北极海冰持续偏少，最小值为421万平方公里，与 2023年相当，位列历史第七低值。而在2024年12月，北极海冰范围还创下自1979年以来46年间该月份的最低纪录。 《每日经济新闻》记者就此在发布会上提问：过去几年，南极海冰持续处于低位，北极也创造了近半个世纪以来12月海冰范围的低值纪录，这种现象还会持 续吗？ 对此，中国气象科学研究院全球变化与极地研究所所长丁明虎表示："全球变暖是一个长期的趋势，会导致南大洋和北冰洋的海水温度也随之上升。温暖的 海水会抑制海冰的形成，同时加速海冰的融化。" 2024年，南极大陆年均气温为-31.79℃，较1991~2020年气候均值略高0.05℃。7~8月南极出现罕见的持续性暖事件，8月南极大陆大部分区域月平均 ...

今天，中国气象局发布2024年度《极地气候变化年报》。年报指出，2024年，极地气温延续较常年 略偏高趋势，极地海冰继续维持低位，南极臭氧洞发展情况相对平稳，北极臭氧总量异常增多，极地地 区大气中温室气体浓度稳定上升，南北极大洋海表温度呈上升趋势。 极地是地球气候系统的稳定器和放大器，在全球热量、动量和水分交换中起着重要作用，是受全球 变暖影响最为显著的地区，极地变化及其引发的连锁效应对全球气候系统影响深远。中国气象局已连续 3年发布极地气候变化年报。今年还增加了有关极地海洋表面温度的监测评估内容，更加全面、科学客 观地反映极地气候变化的基本情况。 （原标题：2024极地气候变化年报：海表温度呈上升趋势 北极臭氧总量异常增多） （来源：央视新闻 作者：吴薇 谷星月 责任编辑：郭曼如） 年报指出：2024年，极地气温延续较常年略偏高趋势，南极大陆年均气温为-31.79℃，较1991— 2020年气候均值略高0.05℃；北极地区年均气温为-6.89℃，较1991—2020年气候均值高0.65℃，1979— 2024年增温速率为0.52℃/10年，是同期全球升温速率的2.9倍。极地海冰继续维持低位，南极海冰范围 年 ...

对此，根据英国《卫报》报道，中国婉拒了此次峰会的邀请，理由是行程冲突。中国外交部尚未对此事正式表态，但国际问题专家普遍认为，行程冲突只是 表面原因，中国的缺席实际上是在向特朗普政府释放信号。西方专家波拉·伯曼指出，中国的缺席是一种强硬的外交手段，旨在表达对特朗普政府的不满。 近年来，中国在清洁能源领域的领导地位日益突出，而特朗普政府的能源政策却频频与全球可持续发展目标背道而驰。所以，英媒称，中国的缺席是一 个"打击"。 据参考信息报道称，关税可能会促进该地区乃至全球清洁能源伙伴关系的加强，而中国在帮助世界摆脱对化石燃料的依赖方面将起到引领作用。美国因关税 政策和对可持续性不感兴趣而面临进一步孤立的风险，而中国随着其深化与亚洲和世界各地的可再生能源伙伴关系，在清洁能源领域的市场领先地位将扩 大。李硕说："这些(关税)措施几乎不会削弱中国在全球清洁技术领域的主导地位……相反，关税可能会推动中国进一步扩张到其他市场，并加强与这些国 家的经济联系。" 在此背景下，4月24号、25号两天，英国将举办一场"国际能源安全峰会"，会议涵盖气候转型、能源安全和地缘政治风险等议题。目前已经有超过75个国家 接到了开会邀请。而这场 ...

Core Insights - The latest ESG public fund weekly ranking shows a recovery in performance, with all listed funds experiencing gains during the observation period from April 21 to April 25 [1] - There is a significant performance divergence between ESG-themed and broad ESG-themed products, with broad ESG active funds leading the top 10 rankings [1] Fund Performance Summary - Broad ESG active funds achieved an average return of 8.76%, while broad ESG index funds followed with an average return of 3.97% [1] - ESG-themed active funds had an average return of 3.06%, which is less than half of the broad ESG active funds, and ESG-themed index funds had an average return of 0.76%, less than a quarter of the broad ESG index funds [1] Investment Focus - Broad ESG active funds primarily focus on low-carbon investments, including carbon neutrality, new energy vehicles, new energy materials, and climate change [1] - In contrast, the industry concentration for broad ESG index funds is high, with all funds related to new energy vehicle batteries [1] Historical Performance - The historical performance of the new energy vehicle battery sector has shown significant volatility, indicating the need for cautious timing in investments [1]

Core Points - The UN Secretary-General António Guterres praised President Xi Jinping's latest climate proposal during the climate and just transition leaders' video summit, highlighting its "extremely important significance" for global climate action [1] - The upcoming COP30 will take place in November in Belém, Brazil, aiming to strengthen global climate action under the Paris Agreement framework [1] - Guterres emphasized the strong signal of international unity in addressing climate change conveyed by the summit, with multiple leaders committing to submit ambitious new climate action plans [2] - Xi Jinping's speech included key initiatives such as upholding multilateralism, deepening international cooperation, promoting just transitions, and enhancing pragmatic actions, with China set to announce its 2035 national contribution target covering all greenhouse gases before the UN climate conference [1] - Guterres called for accelerated submission of new national climate action plans and increased support for developing countries [2] - A high-level UN meeting will be held in September to assess the implementation of climate action plans and financing [3]

Group 1 - The book "The Story of Proof: From Pythagorean Theorem to Modern Mathematics" discusses the evolution of mathematical proofs and their significance across various branches of mathematics, featuring notable mathematicians like Euclid and Gödel [2] - "Extraordinary Numbers: The Truth of the Universe in 9 Magical Numbers" explores how specific numbers play crucial roles in understanding concepts like black holes and quantum mechanics, as presented by physicist Antonio Padilla [3][4] - "DK Timeline of the History of Science" presents a chronological overview of scientific advancements over 3 million years, highlighting 1,400 significant moments in science [6] Group 2 - "The Primacy of Doubt" by Tim Palmer examines the inherent uncertainties in various fields, including quantum physics and climate change, emphasizing the importance of a skeptical mindset in decision-making [8] - "Earthrise: Humanity's First Complete View of Earth" reflects on the new perspectives gained by humanity after seeing Earth from space, emphasizing the interconnectedness of life on Earth [11] - "The Astronomer's Chair: Science, Design, and Visual Culture in the 19th Century" analyzes the significance of specially designed chairs for astronomers, linking them to broader themes of scientific practice and cultural identity [13] Group 3 - "Reading Tang Poetry from a Physical Perspective" interprets classic Tang poetry through the lens of physics, illustrating the relationship between physical principles and poetic expression [15] - "Asteroid Hunter: The Complete Record of the OSIRIS-REx Mission" details the mission to collect samples from the asteroid Bennu, which holds clues to the origins of life and potential threats to Earth [17] - "A Natural History of Human Civilization" by Mark Bertness argues for an integrated view of human history and natural history, tracing the evolution of civilization alongside ecological changes [19] Group 4 - "The World Mineral Atlas" serves as a comprehensive guide to over 500 minerals, detailing their properties and origins, supported by high-quality images [23] - "Birds: A Report on the Dramatic Lives of Avian Actors" categorizes 59 bird species with humorous descriptions, providing insights into their behaviors and characteristics [25][26] - "Animal Architecture" explores the relationship between human architecture and animal building practices, suggesting a collaborative approach to design that considers ecological impacts [28] Group 5 - "Snow Leopard Family: The Zhuoma Dynasty" documents the life of a wild snow leopard family over five years, showcasing their social behaviors and survival strategies [30] - "The Story of Leaves" examines the science and history of leaves, discussing their growth, diversity, and ecological significance [32] - "How to Read a Tree: Exploring the Life Secrets of Trees" reveals the hidden messages in trees, offering insights into their growth and environmental indicators [34] Group 6 - "Going into Nature: The Emotional Connection Between Humans and Nature" discusses the deep ties between human well-being and the natural world, supported by scientific research [36][37] - "Rebuilding the World: Adventures of Engineers" narrates the stories behind significant engineering feats, highlighting the challenges and innovations in the field [40] - "A Brief History of the Mind" explores the evolution of consciousness and intelligence, addressing philosophical questions about human existence and the impact of artificial intelligence [42]

Core Viewpoint - Open science is emerging as a transformative paradigm in research, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and open sharing of scientific knowledge to address global challenges [1][2][3] Group 1: Importance of Open Science - Open science is essential for enhancing scientific collaboration and information sharing, allowing science to benefit society [1] - The necessity for open science is increasingly urgent due to global sustainability demands, such as climate change and biodiversity [1][2] - Open science represents a shift from traditional research paradigms, advocating for open access to research results and data [1] Group 2: Challenges and Solutions - The current era is characterized by complex, interconnected challenges that cannot be addressed by individual countries or laboratories alone [2] - To promote open science, it is crucial to improve policy environments, share experiences, and create frameworks that support open science initiatives [3] - Establishing a global scientific community is vital for addressing challenges like climate change and health crises, necessitating international collaboration on large-scale scientific projects [3] Group 3: Mechanisms for Open Science - Enhancing the sharing of research infrastructure and establishing international open sharing platforms can improve efficiency and resource utilization [3] - Open sharing is viewed as a potential accelerator for increasing research efficiency, speeding up technology diffusion, and fostering cross-national collaboration [2]