赫德岛是澳大利亚海外领地赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛的组成部分，位于珀斯西南约4100公里处。该岛面积 368平方公里，岛上无人居住。赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛于1997年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名 录。作为亚南极地区唯一的活火山群岛，这里具有特殊的冰川地貌。（完） 莫纳什大学研究人员日前在欧洲学术期刊《冰冻圈》上发表论文说，他们使用1947年以来的地形图以及 当前卫星图像等数据，分析了赫德岛29处冰川在1947年、1988年和2019年的轮廓、面积等特征。结果发 现，自1947年以来，赫德岛有大约64平方公里冰川已经融化消失，约占该岛原本冰川总量的23.1%。 研究人员计划今年晚些时候访问赫德岛，进一步研究冰川退缩会如何威胁当地生物多样性。莫纳什大学 地球、大气与环境学院院长安德鲁·麦金托什说，目前的测绘显示冰川正在显著退缩，未来冰川会否消 失，取决于人们如何排放温室气体。 新华社悉尼8月4日电（记者梁有昶 章建华）澳大利亚莫纳什大学4日发布新闻公报说，该校研究人员 发现，自1947年以来位于亚南极地区的赫德岛已有近四分之一冰川融化，表明该岛受到气候变化的深刻 影响。 ...

Group 1 - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting the historical contributions of the Chinese and British people in fighting against fascism during World War II [1] - It emphasizes the mutual support between China and the UK during the war, including significant events such as the rescue of British soldiers by Chinese fishermen and the sacrifices made by the Chinese Expeditionary Force [1] - The article mentions the upcoming documentary film "The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru," which will be screened in the UK in 2025, showcasing the deep historical ties between the two nations [1] Group 2 - The British public's support for China during the Anti-Japanese War is highlighted, including the establishment of various aid organizations and the contributions of individuals like George Hogg [2] - The article notes the ongoing development of Sino-British relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1972, with over 1.2 million people-to-people exchanges in 2024 and a significant number of Chinese students studying in the UK [2] - It expresses the anticipation for further dialogue and cooperation between China and the UK, aiming to strengthen their relationship and build a new chapter in bilateral ties [2] Group 3 - Under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping and UK Prime Minister Starmer, Sino-British relations are on a path of improvement, emphasizing the need for mutual respect and handling of differences [3] - The article calls for the implementation of various dialogue mechanisms to enhance cooperation and address global challenges such as climate change [3] - It expresses a commitment to uphold the achievements of World War II and promote true multilateralism and global trade systems [3]

Core Viewpoint - The resilience protection system is essential for the rapid response and adaptive management of cultural heritage in the face of climate change and external shocks [1][2] Group 1: Climate Change Impact - Climate change poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, affecting temperature and precipitation averages over time, as well as their variability [1] - Different regions and materials (such as soil, wood, brick, stone) require tailored responses to climate change, with a particular focus on the over 80% of earthen sites in China [1] Group 2: Restoration and Preservation Techniques - Restoration is crucial for recovering the original appearance of cultural artifacts, while also enhancing their resilience against external shocks and erosion [1] - Modern restoration emphasizes detailed scientific exploration, testing, research, and evaluation before applying various restoration measures, moving beyond mere restoration to strengthening the artifacts [1] Group 3: Environmental Considerations - The protection of cultural heritage must include the safeguarding of surrounding environments, as many ancient buildings are integrated with their surroundings [2] - There is a consensus on the need to study the safety of the environments where cultural artifacts are located [2] Group 4: Technological Integration - Current technology is no longer a limiting factor for protection, but the disconnect between technology application and cultural heritage preservation remains an issue [2] - A comprehensive understanding of the value, characteristics, and properties of cultural artifacts is necessary to effectively utilize technology for early diagnosis of deterioration and enhance monitoring capabilities [2] Group 5: Goals of the Resilience Protection System - The resilience protection system aims to maximize the self-healing and sustainable development capabilities of cultural artifacts in response to external shocks [2] - It requires a shift from reactive "emergency restoration" to proactive "adaptive maintenance," necessitating improved knowledge and understanding of cultural heritage [2] - There is a need to integrate existing cultural heritage protection data and systems, establishing cross-disciplinary collaboration platforms for data sharing and resource coordination [2]

Core Insights - An international research team has discovered vast flat landforms beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, formed by ancient river systems, which move slower compared to glaciers in deep troughs [1] - This finding enhances the scientific understanding of glacier loss estimates in the region [1] Research Findings - The study, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, indicates that approximately 40% of the 3,500 kilometers of coastline in East Antarctica has flat landforms beneath the ice sheet [1] - These flat landforms are believed to have been formed millions of years ago through sedimentation by rivers and are separated by deep troughs [1] - Glaciers in the troughs are moving rapidly and contributing to sea level rise, while those on the flat landforms exhibit significantly slower movement [1] Implications for Climate Change - The new topographical information allows researchers to better understand the characteristics of glacier movement in the area [1] - This understanding aids in predicting the potential disappearance of East Antarctic glaciers under various climate change scenarios [1]

Group 1 - The United States has officially initiated the process to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, marking a significant retreat from international climate diplomacy as it prepares for COP30 in Brazil [1][2] - COP30, scheduled for November 10-21, 2025, will assess countries' progress on climate change, particularly regarding emission reduction targets and renewable energy development [1] - The choice of Belém, Brazil as the venue for COP30 aims to highlight the importance of protecting the Amazon rainforest, which is expected to be a key discussion topic [1] Group 2 - This marks the second time the U.S. has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement, with the first withdrawal occurring in 2020 under former President Trump, followed by a rejoining in 2021 under President Biden [2] - The recent decision to withdraw has led to the dismissal of the last climate negotiator at the State Department, further solidifying a hardline stance on climate policy [2] Group 3 - Experts express concern that the U.S. absence from COP30 will have profound implications for global climate governance, potentially creating a "dangerous vacuum" that undermines trust and cooperation among nations [3] - The exit of the U.S. may weaken its credibility in climate commitments and could embolden wealthier nations to regress in their climate efforts, impacting poorer countries' confidence in global climate initiatives [3] Group 4 - In contrast to the U.S., China is demonstrating unprecedented commitment and scale in the clean energy sector, currently constructing 510 GW of utility-scale wind and solar projects, with a total installed capacity of 1,400 GW, which is five times that of the U.S. [4] - China's focus on green technology as a core component of its national economic strategy is expected to amplify its influence at COP30, positioning it as a potential leader in global climate affairs [5]

Core Insights - A significant change is occurring in the Antarctic marine food web, with a decline in diatoms, which may impact the entire Antarctic ecosystem and its ability to regulate climate [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - An international team analyzed 14,824 phytoplankton samples collected from the Southern Ocean between 1997 and 2023, revealing a decrease in diatoms, which are being replaced by dinoflagellates and cryptophytes [1] - Diatoms are a primary food source for krill, which in turn are essential for penguins, seals, and baleen whales, indicating that the decline of diatoms could disrupt the food chain [1] - The study published in the journal Nature Climate Change highlights that the surface water in the observed areas has seen a decrease in iron content and an increase in temperature, which may be driving the changes in phytoplankton populations [1] Group 2: Ecological Implications - Diatoms have a heavier silica structure that allows them to sink quickly after death, effectively sequestering carbon in the deep sea, whereas dinoflagellates and cryptophytes have a lower carbon sequestration capability [1] - The research emphasizes the need for further studies on the interaction between climate change and the Antarctic ecosystem, as these changes may exacerbate climate change through feedback mechanisms [2]

西班牙民防部门在社交平台X通报，一名消防员在赶赴火场途中因车辆失控不幸身亡。 近来，欧洲多地持续遭遇极端高温天气，希腊、意大利、保加利亚、克罗地亚等多个地中海沿岸及巴尔 干半岛国家今年频繁发生森林火灾。专家警告，气候变化正在加剧干旱与山火的频率和强度。 据德新社报道，先前已有不少专家警告，西班牙年初降水偏多，植被生长旺盛，而近期高温天气导致植 被大量枯干，火灾风险激增。 （文章来源：新华社） "森林就像一个火药桶，"林业专家罗森多·卡斯特略告诉西班牙《先锋报》。他说，过去50年，因不少 农业用地遭废弃，西班牙森林面积增加大约20%。 西班牙邻国葡萄牙近日也深受山火困扰。法新社援引葡萄牙民防部门消息报道说，约1500名消防员被派 往该国北部和中部四处主要火场灭火。其中，中部阿罗卡地区28日下午爆发山火，已投入750名消防员 与260部车辆。 新华财经北京7月31日电（林芮竹）截至29日，西班牙中部一场山火已烧毁逾500公顷森林与灌木丛。同 属伊比利亚半岛的邻国葡萄牙截至30日仍有多处山火。当地的大风和高温天气可能助推火势，加大消防 部门灭火难度。 据葡萄牙国家民防局30日通报，中部地区几处火情已被控制住。但是， ...

北半球正值盛夏，多地正在经受高温炙烤。美国国家气象局7月30日对美国多个地区发布高温预警，超 1.4亿美国人受到影响。 29日，纽约拉瓜迪亚机场气温达到100华氏度（约37.8摄氏度），打破1949年创下的97华氏度的高温纪 录；佛罗里达州靠近墨西哥湾的海滨城市坦帕也在近日以100华氏度的气温打破当地高温历史纪录。气 象学家警告称，极端高温天气容易诱发健康问题，建议民众多饮水并待在较为凉爽的房间内。 近年来，美国乃至全球在夏季频繁出现极端高温天气，但是部分美国政客却频繁否认气候变化和全球变 暖。美国环境保护署在29日公布一项提案，拟撤销对于"温室气体排放危害公众健康和福祉"的科学认 定，准备为温室气体排放大开绿灯。对于美国的做法，一些外国游客给出了不同的答案。 德国游客尼古拉斯·托伊舍：全球变暖、气候危机，我知道美国人，尤其是美国政府不相信这些，但是 在我看来，情况越来越糟。极端高温绝对是我们在经历的气候变暖还有全球气候危机的一部分。 墨西哥游客塞萨尔·亚历杭德罗：极端高温肯定是因为全球变暖。我来自墨西哥城，那里的气温也高了 很多。空气又干又热，好像烧起来一样，不像是普通的热浪，空气热得像燃烧起来一样，这肯定 ...

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing wildfires in Spain and Portugal are exacerbated by extreme heat and strong winds, making them difficult to control, with significant areas already burned and a large number of firefighters deployed to combat the blazes [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Wildfire Situation in Spain - In Spain, wildfires have been raging, particularly in Ávila province, where a fire that started on the 27th has burned approximately 3,000 hectares [1] - Another wildfire in Cáceres province has also burned around 2,500 hectares [1] - The local government describes the situation as "extremely complex," with over 500 personnel involved in firefighting efforts [1] Wildfire Situation in Portugal - Portugal is facing similar challenges, with around 3,000 firefighters deployed to combat wildfires in the northern and central regions [1] - Some fire situations in central Portugal have been brought under control, but a fire in the Peneda-Gerês National Park remains unresolved [1] - The Portuguese Institute of Ocean and Atmosphere reports that large areas of Portugal are under high to extreme fire risk levels [1] Climate Change Impact - Experts warn that climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of droughts and wildfires, as evidenced by the current extreme heat affecting multiple Mediterranean and Balkan countries, including Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, and Croatia [1]

这是7月2日在西班牙列伊达拍摄的森林火灾中被烧毁的土地。新华社发（胡安·戈萨摄） 新华社北京7月31日电 截至29日，西班牙中部一场山火已烧毁逾500公顷森林与灌木丛。同属伊比 利亚半岛的邻国葡萄牙截至30日仍有多处山火。当地的大风和高温天气可能助推火势，加大消防部门灭 火难度。 据德新社报道，西班牙中部距马德里以西约95公里的小镇蒙贝尔特兰28日晚爆发山火。当地山地植 被易燃，加之风力强劲，多处火焰高达数米。消防部门动用飞机与直升机洒水灭火，地面人员则开辟隔 离带遏制火势蔓延。 "森林就像一个火药桶，"林业专家罗森多·卡斯特略告诉西班牙《先锋报》。他说，过去50年，因 不少农业用地遭废弃，西班牙森林面积增加大约20%。 西班牙邻国葡萄牙近日也深受山火困扰。法新社援引葡萄牙民防部门消息报道说，约1500名消防员 被派往该国北部和中部四处主要火场灭火。其中，中部阿罗卡地区28日下午爆发山火，已投入750名消 防员与260部车辆。 西班牙民防部门在社交平台X通报，一名消防员在赶赴火场途中因车辆失控不幸身亡。 据德新社报道，先前已有不少专家警告，西班牙年初降水偏多，植被生长旺盛，而近期高温天气导 致植被大量枯干，火 ...