新浪财经ESG评级中心提供包括资讯、报告、培训、咨询等在内的14项ESG服务，助力上市 公司传播ESG理念，提升ESG可持续发展表现。点击查看【 ESG评级中心服务手册】 （来源：易碳家） 11月16日，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发布题为《2025年有效碳率：能源使用税与碳定价的最新趋 势》（Effective Carbon Rates 2025： Recent Trends in Taxes on Energy Use and Carbon Pricing）的报告指 出，近年来碳定价在各国与各行业之间继续扩大，设计方案日益多样化和灵活，以平衡减排、增加公共 收入、加强能源负担能力、增强能源安全和提升竞争力等各种政策目标。报告分析了2018—2023年79个 国家碳税、排放交易体系（ETS）与燃料消费税的演化特征，这些国家温室气体排放量占全球温室气体 排放总量的82%。报告的主要结论如下： 1 2018年以来，有效碳税率（Effective Carbon Rates， ECR）一直在上升。 ECR的分布并不均衡，2023年，约16%的温室气体排放征收的ECR超过30欧元/tCO₂e，约11%的温室气 体排 ...

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects a global energy efficiency improvement of 1.8% in 2025, an increase from 1% in 2024, with significant advancements expected in China and India, while the US and EU are expected to see declines below 1% [23][24][42] - Despite the anticipated improvements, the global energy intensity progress remains below the COP28 target of 4% annual improvement by 2030, with an average of 1.3% since 2019 [24][41] Global Trends - Energy intensity improvement is expected to rise to 1.8% in 2025, with China and India showing potential recoveries at 3.5% and over 4% respectively, while the US and EU are projected to fall below 1% [42][60] - Four key trends hindering faster progress include industrial energy demand growth, lagging policies behind technological advancements, increased cooling-related electricity demand, and rising electricity demand outpacing renewable supply [29][41] End-Use Sectors - In the industrial sector, energy intensity improvement has slowed to under 0.5%, with two-thirds of global final energy demand growth since 2019 concentrated in this area [29][30] - The building sector has seen nearly 60% of new constructions adhere to energy efficiency standards, with renovation investments increasing over 20% since 2019 [2] - In the appliance sector, energy efficiency standards for air conditioners and refrigerators have a coverage rate of 90%, while cooking appliances lag at 40% [2] Policy and Investment - Over 250 new energy efficiency policies were implemented globally in 2025, covering over 85% of global energy demand, with significant activity in the EU and Asia-Pacific regions [31][38] - Global investments in energy efficiency are projected to reach nearly USD 800 billion in 2025, with China, the US, and the EU accounting for two-thirds of this investment [31][44] - The efficiency sector employed nearly 18 million people in 2024, with a 6% increase from the previous year, but faces ongoing labor and skills shortages [32][45] Energy Policy Priorities - Energy efficiency has played a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% over the past 15 years and has helped avoid a 20% increase in fossil fuel imports in IEA countries [33][35] - Efficiency actions have reduced household energy bills by up to 20% in advanced economies, and several major economies are linking efficiency policies to energy affordability [34][36]

Core Insights - China's renewable energy construction has reached an unprecedented scale, providing cheap and abundant clean energy that is expected to improve the lives of billions in developing countries [1] - The main reason for the lack of economic decarbonization in other countries is the absence of relevant means, which China is addressing [1] - China's domestic emission reduction efforts include cost-decreasing renewable energy, practical storage technologies, improved electricity markets, long-distance transmission lines, and various related professional technologies [1] - The application value and market demand for China's emission reduction technologies are expected to increase abroad [1] - Promoting more clean energy technologies globally will reduce emissions and lower climate risks for China while generating economic benefits [1] - Solar and wind energy remain hopeful solutions to curb further global temperature rise [1] - The prospect of cheap and abundant clean energy should be encouraging, even for those who do not prioritize climate change, as it promises to enhance the lives of billions in developing countries [1] - The world needs what China offers and should embrace it [1]

Group 1: Energy and Infrastructure - China and ASEAN have established 16 cross-border interconnected power transmission lines, with over 90% of the electricity traded being green energy [2] - As of September, China's new energy storage capacity exceeded 100 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world and accounting for over 40% of global total capacity [3] - The first silicon photonics pilot line in Northwest China has officially commenced operations, marking a significant milestone in the region's silicon chip development [5] Group 2: Automotive Industry - In Shaanxi, the production of new energy vehicles accounted for 66% of the total automotive output in the first three quarters, with a total production of 87.6 million units [4] - The overall automotive production in Shaanxi reached 132.7 million units, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 11.5% [4] Group 3: Environmental Initiatives - Beijing was awarded the "Local Climate Leader" award by the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group for its climate adaptation project [2] - Australia plans to offer households free access to solar energy for at least three hours daily starting July next year, promoting clean energy usage [6]

Core Insights - The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report highlights significant challenges in achieving global temperature control goals set by the Paris Agreement, despite a decrease in predicted global warming from 3-3.5 degrees Celsius to lower estimates [1][2] Group 1: Global Temperature Control Goals - To limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius or 1.5 degrees Celsius, global annual emissions must be reduced by 35% and 55% respectively from 2019 levels by 2035 [2] - Current "Nationally Determined Contributions" (NDCs) suggest a projected temperature increase of 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius if fully implemented, a slight decrease from last year's estimate of 2.6 to 2.8 degrees Celsius [1][2] Group 2: National Commitments and Actions - As of September 2023, less than one-third of the parties to the Paris Agreement have submitted updated commitments, indicating a lack of progress in global emission reduction efforts [1] - The UNEP emphasizes the need for countries to accelerate their emission reduction efforts and increase action in light of a complex geopolitical environment and shrinking time windows [2] Group 3: Solutions and Technologies - The report identifies existing mature technologies, such as wind and solar energy, as viable solutions to support deep emission reduction targets [2] - Effective management of methane emissions and the rapid adoption of low-cost renewable energy are critical pathways to addressing climate challenges [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Xuelong Group has shown significant growth in revenue and profit for the first three quarters of 2025, indicating a strong performance driven by enhanced core competitiveness and increased sales of new products [1] - The company achieved an operating income of 104 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.32%, and a total profit of 22.1752 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 67.95% [1] - The net profit attributable to shareholders reached 19.7628 million yuan, up 67.27% year-on-year, while the net profit excluding non-recurring gains and losses surged by 218.78% to 19.3896 million yuan [1] Group 2 - Xuelong Group focuses on providing energy-saving, emission-reducing, and intelligent cooling system solutions for commercial vehicles, with a complete product production chain and high self-manufacturing rate [2] - The company has established a robust cost management system, which aids in reducing costs and improving efficiency, contributing to its competitive edge in the industry [2] - Xuelong Group is recognized as a leading enterprise in the commercial vehicle cooling system sector, having developed a strong market position through over 20 years of specialization in thermal management systems [2]

Group 1 - The EU's climate action report indicates that emissions in 2024 will only be 48% lower than in 1990, falling short of the 55% target for 2030 by 7 percentage points, necessitating an annual increase in reduction efforts by 1.4 percentage points [3] - Internal conflicts within the EU regarding carbon credit limits are evident, with Germany and the Netherlands insisting that foreign carbon credits cannot exceed 10%, while Poland is pushing for a 20% limit due to concerns over coal jobs and energy system stability [3] - The EU's reliance on US energy is increasing, with 16% of its natural gas coming from the US and 4% from Qatar, as it aims to eliminate the remaining 19% of Russian gas by 2027, highlighting a growing dependency on these countries [4] Group 2 - European companies are increasingly reliant on Chinese products for their green transition, with a significant rise in exports of lithium-ion batteries and solar panels from China, which are crucial for the establishment of renewable energy projects in Europe [6] - The EU's green technology investment is lagging, with only €420 billion planned for 2024, falling short of the €750 billion annual requirement, leading to potential bankruptcies among local battery manufacturers and delays in electric vehicle production targets [6] - The political rhetoric of confrontation with China may not address the technological gaps and internal divisions within the EU, potentially leading to higher energy costs for consumers and making the 2040 emission reduction targets seem unattainable [8]

Core Insights - The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reports that carbon dioxide levels have reached their highest in at least 800,000 years, with growth rates tripling since the 1960s [2][3] - The report highlights a "vicious cycle" of climate change exacerbated by emissions from fossil fuels and increasing wildfires, while the Earth's ability to absorb these gases is diminishing [3] Summary by Sections Carbon Dioxide Levels - The average global carbon dioxide concentration is projected to increase at the highest annual rate since monitoring began in 1957, rising from 2.4 ppm (parts per million) during 2011-2020 to 3.5 ppm for 2023-2024 [3] Climate Change Impacts - The WMO emphasizes that the heat trapped by greenhouse gases is intensifying climate warming, leading to more extreme weather events, which poses risks to economic security and social welfare [3] - Climate Analytics CEO Bill Hare describes the new data as "shocking and concerning," indicating a feedback loop driven by record high temperatures, forest fires, and warming oceans [3] Global Response and Commitments - Despite some governments continuing to promote fossil fuel use, certain companies and local governments are taking proactive measures against global warming [3] - However, few countries have made new climate commitments that adequately address the severity of the climate crisis [3] Future Projections - The WMO warns that the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in 2024 indicates a long-term warming trajectory, with methane and nitrous oxide levels also reaching historical highs [3] - The report raises doubts about the world's ability to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, which aims to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need for global action in response to the challenges of green transition, highlighting the importance of international cooperation, particularly between Peru and China, to advance renewable energy initiatives [4]. Group 1: Industry Growth and Opportunities - The biodiesel industry in South America is rapidly growing, with Peru expanding its market share alongside major producers like Brazil and Argentina, positioning itself as the second-largest biodiesel center globally after Asia [4]. - Peru has established a mandatory biodiesel blending standard, increasing from B5 (95% petroleum and 5% biodiesel) to B7.5, reflecting its commitment to clean energy and emission reduction [4]. - The glycerin market presents significant growth opportunities, with Peru exporting 525,000 tons of crude glycerin and 155,000 tons of refined glycerin annually, which are widely used in various industries [5]. Group 2: Raw Material and Sustainable Practices - Peru's palm oil production is significant, with plans to expand cultivation, as the region currently utilizes less than 1% of its farmland for palm planting, indicating substantial growth potential [5]. - The goal is to achieve carbon capture of 5 to 11 million tons of CO2 by 2030 through sustainable palm oil cultivation, ensuring no soil degradation occurs [5]. Group 3: Future Cooperation and Technological Innovation - The economic cooperation between China and Peru is expected to expand into digitalization to facilitate trade, with significant potential in intellectual property and unique technologies [6]. - The emerging energy sector, particularly in oil-based chemicals, has a market size of $20 billion, which can support high-end industrial development and contribute to sustainable aviation fuel production [5].

Core Points - China's President Xi Jinping announced a new round of national contributions at the UN Climate Change Summit, aiming for a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 compared to peak levels, marking the first time China has set specific reduction targets in its climate change efforts [1][2] - The commitment includes increasing the share of non-fossil energy consumption to over 30% of total energy consumption, achieving a total installed capacity of wind and solar power six times that of 2020, and establishing a nationwide carbon trading market covering major high-emission industries [2][3] Group 1 - The announcement is seen as a significant milestone in China's climate policy, representing a qualitative shift and providing a clear path for carbon emissions post-peak [3] - China's past performance in meeting international climate commitments has been noted, with expectations that the new targets may serve as a baseline rather than an upper limit [4] - The rapid development of clean energy in China, which accounted for 10% of GDP last year, is reshaping the global economy and reducing reliance on coal [5] Group 2 - Approximately 100 countries presented plans or commitments to further reduce carbon emissions at the summit, highlighting a collective international effort despite the absence of the United States [6] - The summit underscored the contrasting approaches to climate change, with China positioning itself as a leader in clean energy investment, having invested $625 billion in clean energy last year, which constituted 31% of global investment in this sector [4][6] - The global economic future is increasingly tied to clean energy, with Chinese companies driving innovation and application of electric vehicle and battery technologies worldwide [5]