在复旦大学教授封进看来，当前养老保险依赖财政补贴的空间日益受限，叠加少子化、老龄化加剧的人 口结构变化，创新筹资模式势在必行。 社会保障体系还可在调节收入分配、应对技术变革和健全制度设计等方面发挥更加积极的作用。武汉大 学教授张奇林认为，社会保障作为重要的调节工具，需要改革存在"逆向调节"的项目，比如推动医保筹 资标准与居民收入挂钩，避免加重中低收入群体负担。"既要推动人工智能等技术在养老、残疾照护等 社会保障服务中的应用，也要通过教育培训解决新技术带来的就业结构性矛盾。"张奇林说，应尽快总 结提升在"十四五"时期经试点已相对成熟的制度，形成全国统一方案并推广实施，加快健全多层次社会 保障体系。 中国式现代化离不开健全的社会保障体系，走向共同富裕更需社会保障体系的坚实支撑。党的二十届四 中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出，"十五 五"时期，社会保障制度更加优化更可持续。如何持续完善社会保障体系？哪些领域是关键突破口？ 与经济增长同频共振 社会保障作为普惠性、基础性、兜底性制度安排，在我国经济快速发展和社会长期稳定中发挥着不可或 缺的作用。我国已建成世界上规模最大的 ...

Core Insights - The National Healthcare Security Administration is promoting the comprehensive implementation of Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI), with pilot programs launched in provinces like Zhejiang and Hainan, indicating a faster pace in addressing aging challenges through institutional means [1][2] - LTCI aims to reimburse a certain percentage or amount of professional care and service costs for disabled and cognitively impaired individuals, alleviating the financial burden on families and stimulating the development of the nursing service industry [1][2] - The initial establishment of the institutional framework faces challenges, particularly regarding funding sources, as LTCI currently relies heavily on the transfer of medical insurance funds and fiscal subsidies, leading to significant pressure on public finances [1][2] Funding Mechanism Optimization - To optimize the funding mechanism for LTCI, it is essential to reduce burdens by establishing differentiated payment mechanisms for different groups, with shared responsibilities among employers, individuals, and the government [1][2] - Improving the efficiency of fund utilization by breaking down barriers to fund circulation and allowing personal medical insurance account balances to pay premiums is crucial [1][2] - Enhancing public trust and willingness to participate in LTCI through continuous insurance incentives and real case promotions is necessary to position LTCI as a guarantee rather than an additional burden [1][2] Multi-layered Protection System - A multi-layered protection system should be constructed, encouraging commercial insurance companies to develop diverse LTCI products to meet varying public needs [2] - The establishment of a collaborative mechanism involving basic insurance as the mainstay, supplemented by commercial insurance and charitable funds, is essential to channel more resources into the elderly care and nursing service sectors [2] Fund Management and Oversight - Optimizing fund management and establishing a robust regulatory and performance evaluation system is critical, given the large volume and long cycle of LTCI funds [2] - The establishment of specialized institutions for fund allocation and oversight, along with third-party auditing and dynamic evaluation systems, is necessary to prevent fraud and ensure funds are used effectively for care services [2] - Accelerating digital regulation and utilizing big data for real-time monitoring of fund flows and service quality will ensure that every dollar is effectively utilized for the care of disabled individuals [2]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of promoting high-quality and sufficient employment as part of China's modernization efforts, with a focus on improving social security systems and enhancing people's livelihoods [1][2][3] Employment Achievements - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China has achieved significant employment stability, with a total of 60.32 million new urban jobs created by September 2023, exceeding the target of 55 million [2] - The average urban survey unemployment rate over the past four years was 5.3%, which is below the expected control target [2] - The quality of employment has improved, with effective protection of labor rights [2] Social Security System - China has established the world's largest and most comprehensive social security system, with a basic pension insurance coverage rate exceeding 95% [2] - The total scale of pension, unemployment, and work injury insurance funds reached 70.8 trillion yuan, with a cumulative surplus of 9.8 trillion yuan [2] Employment Strategies - The government plans to implement a series of policies to promote high-quality employment, focusing on creating more quality jobs in emerging sectors such as digital economy and high-end manufacturing [4][5] - There is a commitment to address structural employment issues by enhancing vocational training and improving the matching of labor supply and demand [5] Social Security Reform - The article outlines the need for continuous reform of the social security system to enhance its sustainability, equity, and accessibility [7][8] - Plans include developing a multi-tiered pension system and increasing the coverage of social insurance for flexible workers and new employment forms [8] Human Resource Development - The government aims to transform demographic advantages into talent advantages by enhancing human resource development and promoting a skilled workforce [9][10] - There will be a focus on improving the relevance of talent training and implementing reforms in talent development mechanisms [10][11]

Core Points - The U.S. Supreme Court temporarily blocked a lower court's order requiring the federal government to fully pay November's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits [1] - The Rhode Island federal district court had mandated that the government must pay the full amount by November 7, but the Trump administration sought to partially pay the benefits instead [1] - The Supreme Court issued a two-day administrative stay to allow more time for the First Circuit Court of Appeals to review the government's request [1] Group 1 - The SNAP program has been suspended since November 1 due to depleted funds, with the USDA planning to use emergency funds to maintain 65% of the benefits for November [2] - SNAP is a crucial part of the U.S. social safety net, covering 42 million people, which is about one-eighth of the U.S. population, with most recipients living below the poverty line [2] - Monthly expenditures for the SNAP program exceed $8 billion, marking the first time in 60 years that benefits have been halted, even during federal government shutdowns [2]

Core Viewpoint - Sichuan Province has made significant progress in improving and guaranteeing people's livelihoods during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on employment, social security, and health, with substantial investments leading to tangible results [1][2][3][4] Employment - Over 5 million new urban jobs were created in Sichuan over the past five years, with more than 1.45 million unemployed individuals finding re-employment [2] - A comprehensive employment stabilization policy was implemented, with over 20 billion yuan allocated for employment subsidies and over 9 billion yuan for job retention funds, effectively reducing the burden on enterprises [2] - An average of over 1.2 million market-oriented jobs were created annually in sectors such as artificial intelligence, cultural tourism, and modern logistics, supporting over 2.4 million jobs through entrepreneurship initiatives [2] Social Security - Sichuan has deepened social security system reforms, establishing a multi-tiered social security system that covers all citizens and ensures fairness and sustainability [3] - The number of participants in basic pension insurance reached 66.02 million, while basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and work injury insurance covered 81.23 million, 12 million, and 16.55 million individuals, respectively [3] - The minimum standards for urban and rural basic living allowances increased by 40% and 59% compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, enhancing the sense of security among the populace [4] Health - Significant improvements in public health were noted, with a decisive victory in COVID-19 prevention and a continuous decline in new AIDS cases over five years [4] - The average life expectancy in Sichuan reached 78.8 years, an increase of 1.24 years from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [4] - The province has expanded high-quality medical resources and improved public health services for vulnerable groups, ensuring better access to healthcare [4]

Core Points - The U.S. federal government shutdown has reached its 34th day, just one day shy of the longest shutdown record of 35 days [1] - The Trump administration plans to use emergency funds to maintain half of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits for November, but some states may take weeks or months to resume payments [1] - SNAP, overseen by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), has suspended benefit disbursements since November 1 due to depleted funds, marking the first time in its 60-year history that benefits have been halted [1] Group 1 - The USDA will allocate $4.65 billion in emergency funds for November's SNAP benefits, which will only cover 50% of current needs [1] - The USDA will provide states with detailed plans for partial benefit disbursements, but due to procedural difficulties, some states may take weeks or months to implement these changes [1] Group 2 - SNAP serves 42 million people, approximately one-eighth of the U.S. population, with most recipients living below the poverty line [2] - Following the USDA's announcement of benefit suspension, 25 Democratic-led states and Washington D.C. filed lawsuits, asserting that the federal government has a legal obligation to ensure the program continues [2] - A federal judge in Rhode Island ruled that the federal government must use emergency funds to sustain SNAP and required a status update on funding by November 3 [2]

（37）促进高质量充分就业。深入实施就业优先战略，健全就业促进机制，构建就业友好型发展方式。加强产业和就业协同，积极培育新职业新岗位，支持企业稳岗扩岗。完善人力资源供需匹配机制，健全终身职业技能培训制度，强化择业和用人观念引导，着力解决结构性就业矛盾。完善就业支持和公共服务体系，稳定和扩大高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业，推动灵活就业、新就业形态健康发展。加大创业支持力度，增强创业带动就业效应。完善劳动标准体系和劳动关系协商协调机制，加强劳动者权益保障，营造公平有序就业环境。完善就业影响评估和监测预警，综合应对外部环境变化和新技术发展对就业的影响。（38）完善收入分配制度。坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。健全各类要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的初次分配机制，促进多劳者多得、技高者多得、创新者多得。完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，推行工资集体协商制度，健全最低工资标准调整机制，加强企业工资分配宏观指导。多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入。加强税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配调节。促进和规范公益慈善事业发展。规范收入分配 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes enhancing and improving people's livelihoods, promoting common prosperity for all [1] Group 1: Social Welfare and Livelihood Improvement - The meeting calls for increased efforts to address urgent issues faced by the public, ensuring a focus on inclusive, foundational, and safety-net social welfare initiatives [1] - It highlights the importance of facilitating social mobility and improving the quality of life for citizens [1] Group 2: Employment and Income Distribution - The session stresses the need to promote high-quality and sufficient employment opportunities [1] - It advocates for the improvement of the income distribution system to ensure fairness and equity [1] Group 3: Education and Social Security - The meeting underscores the importance of providing satisfactory education for the people [1] - It calls for the establishment of a robust social security system to protect citizens [1] Group 4: Real Estate and Health Development - The session promotes high-quality development in the real estate sector [1] - It emphasizes the acceleration of building a healthy China and fostering high-quality population development [1] Group 5: Public Services - The meeting aims to steadily advance the equalization of basic public services across the country [1]

Core Points - The implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China emphasizes a people-centered development approach, significantly improving public welfare and living standards [1][2] Group 1: Public Services - Public services are being extended to benefit all citizens, with ongoing efforts in educational equity, balanced development of compulsory education, and improvements in healthcare services [1] - The construction of affordable housing and the renovation of shantytowns are positively impacting numerous households, ensuring that development outcomes are shared more equitably among the population [1] Group 2: Employment Strategy - The employment-first strategy has been effectively implemented, with over 12 million new urban jobs created annually since the "14th Five-Year Plan" began, and the total number of skilled workers exceeding 200 million [1] - The growth of new professions and business models, along with extensive vocational training initiatives, supports employment for key demographic groups [1] Group 3: Social Security System - A multi-tiered social security system is being rapidly constructed, covering all citizens and integrating urban and rural areas, with participation rates in basic pension and medical insurance exceeding 95% [1] - The expansion of unemployment and work injury insurance, along with more precise social assistance for vulnerable groups, strengthens the social safety net [1]

Employment and Social Security Achievements - As of the end of August this year, the cumulative number of new urban jobs created since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" reached 59.21 million, exceeding the target of 55 million [1] - The number of people covered by basic pension insurance reached 1.072 billion, an increase of over 73 million compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [1] Employment Stability and Quality - The overall employment situation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period has been stable, with an average urban survey unemployment rate of 5.3%, below the expected control target of 5.5% [2] - The government has implemented a series of employment support policies, with total employment subsidy expenditures exceeding 470 billion yuan and 138.9 billion yuan allocated for job retention [2] Targeted Support for Key Groups - The number of college graduates has been increasing annually, exceeding 10 million since 2022, highlighting the importance of this talent resource for employment efforts [3] - The scale of migrant workers remains above 30 million, providing strong support for economic and social stability [3] Social Security System Improvements - The national basic pension insurance coverage rate has increased to over 95%, with unemployment and work injury insurance coverage reaching 246 million and 302 million, respectively [4] - The social security system has seen significant reforms, with national coordination of basic pension insurance and provincial coordination for unemployment and work injury insurance [4] Financial Stability of Social Insurance Funds - As of the end of August, the cumulative balance of basic pension, unemployment, and work injury insurance funds reached 9.81 trillion yuan, with a positive cash flow [5] - The central government's financial subsidies for basic pension insurance are projected to exceed 730 billion yuan in 2024, with a gradual establishment of a long-term funding mechanism [5] Skills Development and New Occupations - Over 420 million people have received subsidized vocational skills training during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a total of over 220 million skilled workers [8] - The introduction of 72 new occupations reflects the structural optimization of China's economy, driven by the development of new industries and services [8] Future Plans for Skills Workforce - The government plans to enhance policy support and optimize the development environment for skills workforce construction in the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" [9]