以下文章来源于经济观察报 ，作者张成刚 经济观察报 . 经济观察报是专注于财经新闻与经济分析的全国性综合财经类媒体，创办于2001年。聚焦商道、商技和 商机，以锐度、悦度、广度、深度的报道形成了权威的媒体公信力和影响力。 本文来自微信公众号： 经济观察报 ，作者：张成刚（作者系首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院副教 授、中国新就业形态研究中心主任），题图来自：视觉中国 2025年，"就业"几乎成为全年最具公共情绪张力的议题之一。 几组关键事实：压力并非只是感 觉 一方面，从宏观数据看，就业形势并未出现系统性失控：城镇调查失业率总体维持在合理区间，就业 政策密集出台，稳就业始终被置于宏观政策优先位置。但另一方面，个体层面的就业感受却显著偏冷 ——"毕业后就业衔接不畅""考编上岸""灵活就业不敢久干""越努力越焦虑"等叙事在社交媒体广泛传 播。 这种"宏观稳、微观紧"的背离，使就业问题不再只是经济指标问题，而演变为一个高度情绪化、结构 性失衡与制度性制约的社会议题。 如果只用一句话概括2025年的就业状态，那就是：岗位并非消失 了，但"好找、好干、敢干的工作"的可获得性正在下降。 三股力量交织下的长期结构性困 境 要理 ...

Core Viewpoint - The meeting emphasized the importance of planning for the "14th Five-Year" period in social undertakings, focusing on improving people's livelihoods and aligning with national development strategies [1][2][3] Group 1: Employment and Economic Development - The meeting highlighted the need to implement an employment-first strategy, addressing the opportunities and challenges posed by artificial intelligence, and creating high-quality job opportunities through a modern industrial system and county-level economic development [2] - It was noted that there should be a focus on new employment forms and ensuring employment security for key groups, alongside strengthening labor rights protection [2] Group 2: Health and Social Welfare - The meeting stressed the importance of prioritizing health development, leveraging artificial intelligence, and integrating medical data to enhance healthcare resources and public health systems [2] - It also called for adapting to an aging society by implementing a hybrid management model for elderly care and social welfare, emphasizing digital empowerment and reform [2] Group 3: Trade and Economic Cooperation - The meeting discussed the need to utilize both domestic and international markets, creating new consumption scenarios and models, and developing cross-border e-commerce and new foreign trade formats [2] - It was mentioned that enhancing trade logistics capabilities and strengthening cooperation with ASEAN countries are crucial for economic development [2] Group 4: Strategic Planning and Implementation - The meeting underscored the importance of aligning with national needs and integrating with national development strategies, ensuring that all plans are actionable and feasible [3] - It was emphasized that a coordinated approach across the region is necessary to support the implementation of the "14th Five-Year" plans [3]

今年以来，党中央把稳就业摆在"四稳"首位，财政、货币、产业、就业政策协同发力，全力确保就业大 局基本稳定。要切实把稳就业摆在优先位置，实施好稳岗扩容提质行动，以最大努力抓好这个"最大的 民生"。 人力资源和社会保障部数据显示，1月至11月，全国城镇新增就业1210万人，提前完成年度目标任务； 城镇调查失业率平均值为5.2%，低于5.5%的调控目标。这份提前交卷的"成绩单"，彰显了就业优先政 策的有力有效，为兜牢民生底线、稳定社会大局提供了坚实支撑。 就业是最大的民生，稳住就业，就稳住了民生底线，稳住了发展信心。今年以来，党中央把稳就业摆 在"四稳"首位，财政、货币、产业、就业政策协同发力，打出减负稳岗扩就业的"组合拳"，全力确保就 业大局基本稳定。 在总体稳定的态势下，就业领域供强需弱的结构性矛盾依然突出。"供强"，体现在总量压力依然不减， 每年1000多万高校毕业生、近3亿农民工规模庞大，稳定就业存量、扩大就业增量面临较大挑战。"需 弱"，并非指岗位绝对数量不足，而是更多体现在高质量、稳定性强、与劳动者预期匹配的岗位增长未 能完全跟上供给的步伐。部分传统行业和中小企业受市场需求波动影响，扩岗意愿较为谨慎；而 ...

贵州举办新就业形态劳动者冬季线下专场招聘会 中新网贵阳12月24日电 (胡大方)贵阳市人力资源社会保障公共服务中心24日人流如织，一场以"工会帮 就业 服务暖人心"为主题的2025年贵州省总工会新就业形态劳动者冬季线下专场招聘会在此举办，共有 83家用人单位参与，涵盖外卖配送、电商运营、物流仓储等多个领域，累计提供就业岗位2083个，其中 新就业形态相关岗位达676个。 本次招聘会由贵州省总工会主办，贵州省工会服务职工中心承办，旨在精准服务新就业形态劳动者、农 民工、下岗失业人员等重点群体的就业需求，是"工会帮就业"专项行动在冬季的重要举措之一。 现场特设的就业指导、政策咨询、简历优化、法律维权、智能求职等服务专区，工作人员热情细致地为 求职者提供"一站式"帮扶。"刷脸求职"智能终端吸引了众多年轻人体验，科技赋能也让求职流程更高效 便捷。 "我们计划招聘50名专送骑手，第一个月保底收入7000元，公司还提供电动车。"在浙江犇达网络科技有 限公司白云区分公司(饿了么城市代理商)展位前，招聘负责人刘经理正向咨询者详细介绍岗位待遇。 "00后"求职者史正蝶是美术学专业毕业生，她穿梭于各展位间，仔细询问并记录。"我已 ...

中央经济工作会议在部署明年稳定重点群体就业的工作时特别提到了农民工群体。来自人力资源社会保障部的信息显示，今年以来，国家持续 拓宽农民工群体就业渠道，支持和规范发展新就业形态，推动劳务品牌从自发性向组织化、粗放式向精细化、简单劳务向产业融合转变。 中央经济工作会议在部署明年工作时指出：实施稳岗扩容提质行动，稳定高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体就业。明年应该怎么干？ 稳定重点群体就业 明年应该怎么干？ 发展新就业形态 北京师范大学教授、经济学专家万喆介绍，政策将采取分类施策、精准扶持的方式。针对毕业生，扩岗赋能，精准帮扶全面升级；针对农民 工，主要是劳务对接，技能与权益保障深化。多项政策协同发力，形成有效合力。 拓宽农民工群体就业渠道 北京师范大学教授、经济学专家万喆介绍，协同推进，覆盖企业重点群体全链条；帮助企业稳住现有岗位，减轻企业负担；多渠道挖掘岗位供 给，以创业带动就业；将技能与产教融合升级，解决技能错配问题，高效落实与精准对接，保障高质量就业。 努力为人民群众多办实事 现代服务业中，宠物服务行业三季度招聘职位数同比增长43.7%，其中，宠物医生、宠物美容岗位增速尤为突出，分别达128.2%、67.3%。新 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "Alignment Problem" in AI, emphasizing the need to ensure AI systems align with human values and intentions, particularly in the context of labor market impacts and the necessity for proactive measures to address potential inequalities [2][3]. Group 1: AI and Labor Market Dynamics - AI is expected to exacerbate structural employment contradictions, necessitating effective policy responses to address these challenges [3]. - The relationship between AI development and employment must be managed carefully, focusing on complementarity between human capital and AI skills rather than competition [2]. - The "Solow Paradox" is referenced, highlighting the potential for AI to improve productivity without immediate visible benefits, suggesting that the distribution of productivity gains may not be equitable [5][6]. Group 2: Employment Characteristics and Challenges - The current labor market is characterized by three main features: new employment forms, localized labor mobility, and age-related disparities in the workforce [12]. - The rise of new employment forms may lead to increased informal employment, which poses risks to social security and worker rights [12]. - Labor mobility is decreasing, with workers increasingly remaining in local areas, which could hinder productivity improvements and wage growth [13]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations and Future Directions - Proactive measures are needed at various stages (preemptive, during, and post-implementation) to address the alignment of AI with employment priorities [7][14]. - Education and vocational training must evolve to meet the demands of the AI era, promoting lifelong learning and adaptability in the workforce [14]. - The importance of sharing productivity gains through reforms and social safety nets is emphasized to ensure equitable benefits from AI advancements [8][15].

21世纪经济报道记者王峰 北京报道 国家统计局12月15日发布数据显示，11月份，全国城镇调查失业率为5.1%，与上月持平。 我国就业形势总体稳定。11月份，本地户籍劳动力调查失业率为5.3%，外来户籍劳动力调查失业率为4.7%，31个大城市城镇调查失业率为5.1%，均与上月 持平；外来农业户籍劳动力调查失业率为4.4%，比上月下降0.1个百分点。 但"统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期"表明，三者是正相关的关系，而非相互博弈和抵消的效应。 中国社会科学院学部委员蔡昉12月15日在《北京日报》撰文指出，当前，新增就业中越来越大的比重表现为新就业形态，如零工经济、平台就业等灵活就 业。已有数据显示，个体就业、私营经济雇员以及不属于任何单位的就业占全部城镇就业的比重已经超过60%，且仍有进一步提高的趋势。 但同时，就业工作一刻不能松懈。 《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出，统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期。中央经济工作会议提出，着力稳就业、稳企业、 稳市场、稳预期。 可见，就业工作在整个经济工作中的分量越来越重，且越来越关乎经济长远发展。对此，中央经济工作会议提出，实施稳岗扩容提质行动。 如何支持 ...

刚刚过去的两个周末，位于铁岭市凡河新区的铁岭县人力资源市场人潮涌动。9点开始的双燕天河 城专场招聘会，不到8点半就陆续上人。求职者在各个招聘展台间穿梭，寻找合适的岗位。招聘方也在 全力招揽人才，耐心细致地介绍岗位情况。 招聘会气氛热烈、活力十足，这背后既有招聘方的满满诚意、人力资源市场的精细服务，也少不了 当地党委、政府对就业"蓄水池"的深挖细掘。 "大船"重启 扩大就业容量 "明天下午一定要回复我。你要是能定下来，就准备好洗漱用品，周一去沈阳的店里现场学习，管 吃管住，一天补助70元。"12月6日，在铁岭县人力资源市场举行的双燕天河城专场招聘会上，一家入驻 企业的招聘负责人反复叮嘱一名求职者，语气中带着求贤若渴的急切。 急切缘于"大船"重启的日子越发临近。 "大船"曾是凡河新区最具影响力的商业综合体，因外形酷似一条大船而得名。2018年因故停业后， 当地居民期盼重启的呼声就没有停止过。 群众的期盼是工作的着眼点，也是改革的发力点。近两年，铁岭市委、市政府围绕"大船"重启持续 攻坚，经依法破产、公开拍卖破解债权纠纷后，本地企业双燕集团正式接手。 6月初，"大船"更名"双燕天河城"，并在墙体上挂出"旗舰归来 施 ...

Group 1 - The Central Economic Work Conference emphasizes the need to deepen the construction of a unified national market and to formulate regulations to address "involution-style" competition, highlighting the issues of local protectionism and monopolistic practices that harm fair competition [1] - Strengthening antitrust trials and breaking local protectionism are crucial for facilitating economic circulation and supporting the construction of a unified national market [1] Group 2 - The conference proposes promoting win-win development for platform enterprises, operators, and workers, encouraging flexible employment personnel to participate in employee insurance [2] - The rise of new employment forms such as ride-hailing and food delivery presents unique challenges in the relationship between platform companies and workers, necessitating judicial wisdom to address these issues [2] Group 3 - The conference stresses the importance of prioritizing people's livelihoods and ensuring safety in production, disaster prevention, and food and drug safety [3] - Recent public concerns regarding food safety and fraud highlight the need for increased enforcement against illegal activities in the food sector [4] Group 4 - A case in Shanghai revealed a vendor selling duck meat disguised as beef, raising questions about the penalties for such fraudulent practices and the role of judicial authorities in addressing food safety violations [5]

Core Insights - Guangdong Province's Education Department is collaborating with JD Group to implement the "71583" school-enterprise cooperation plan, which includes establishing 7 JD Industry Colleges, exploring 10 JD Super Campus Comprehensive Operation Centers, and building 5 Industry Technology Innovation Centers [1] - The establishment of the Modern Rider Academy marks a significant step in promoting healthy development of new employment forms and creating a modern vocational education system in Guangdong [1][2] Group 1: Collaboration and Initiatives - The "71583" plan aims to enhance cooperation between high-level universities and JD Group, focusing on industry-academia integration and practical training [1] - The Modern Rider Academy is the first vocational education platform in China dedicated to the career development of riders and couriers, addressing issues such as unclear career paths and insufficient skills training [2][4] Group 2: Training and Certification - Riders completing specific training at the Modern Rider Academy will receive vocational skill certificates, which can aid in career advancement and job transitions [4] - The academy offers a multi-tiered training system, including short-term, long-term, and targeted training programs, designed to enhance riders' skills without disrupting their daily work [4][6] Group 3: Curriculum and Skill Development - The curriculum at the Modern Rider Academy focuses on enhancing riders' job capabilities and facilitating career transitions, with modules on advanced skills, legal knowledge, soft skills, and new technology applications [6] - Courses will cover areas such as intelligent scheduling system operation, basic maintenance of unmanned delivery devices, and legal awareness, aiming to improve riders' overall competencies [6] Group 4: Institutional Support and Goals - Guangzhou Vocational Technology University will leverage its expertise in vocational education to collaborate with JD Group, creating a comprehensive training system for riders [7] - JD Group currently employs over 930,000 staff, with 600,000 being frontline couriers and riders, indicating a significant potential impact on the new employment sector through this training initiative [7]