11月12日，在赞比亚坦赞铁路纪念园，几名当地人参观坦赞铁路纪念馆。 新华社记者 彭立军摄 近年来，撒哈拉以南非洲在全球经济中的重要地位愈加突出，被视为全球增长引擎及投资热土之一。2025 年，该地区宏观经济总体呈稳定增长态势并展现出韧性，各国实现幅度不等的增长。同时，该地区经济仍然 面临诸多压力，经济改革及结构转型任重道远。 保持稳定增长 国际货币基金组织相关报告指出，该地区多个资源密集型以及易受地缘冲突影响的国家，其经济增长仍面临 重大阻力，经济表现仍明显疲弱。该地区大部分经济体存在金融、财政等方面的脆弱性，在外部环境不确定 性的影响下，经济下行风险犹存。总体看，尽管国际金融借贷形势有所改善，但该地区各国仍面临较紧张的 借贷条件，而且不断上升的偿债成本正在挤占发展支出，债务压力不断加大。该地区不平等问题仍未明显减 少，基尼系数居高不下，经济增长缺乏包容性，未能充分惠及低收入群体。该地区国家之间经济增长的不平 等也需改进。 世界银行相关报告指出，该地区面临全球贸易政策不确定性、投资者兴趣下降、外部融资渠道萎缩，以及发 展援助减少等挑战。过去10年，该地区国家外债偿还额大幅增加，陷于债务困境或面临债务高风险的 ...

5 75 IT B V SH 记者 宋笛、李静、杜涛、田进 同样，于"很不平凡"的一年里召开的中央经济工作会议，也呈现了诸多不同以往的特点。 2024年中央经济工作会议闭幕后，本报曾刊发文章《理解经济政策新平衡》。文中提出，"着力实现增长稳、就业稳和物价合理回升的优化组合"这一表述， 首次将增长、就业和物价纳入同一政策目标框架，并将其列为"目标引领"之一。这一变化，折射出自"924"新政实施以来，中国经济政策思路经历的一次调 整。 而刚刚召开的中央经济工作会议，则可能意味着经济政策思路的进一步深化。 对经济的认识发生了哪些变化？ "五个必须"中"必须充分挖掘经济潜能"指向了中国经济增长的潜力，"924"新政后，通过宏观政策升温，经济潜能进一步释放。这一认识实际上改变了此前 部分经济观点中，对增量类政策的谨慎态度。其他"四个必须"，也都是在2025年能看得见、摸得着的经济实践中总结出来的规律性认识。 12月10日至11日，中央经济工作会议召开。会议用"很不平凡"四个字，为即将过去的2025年作出注解。 2024年"924"新政出台后，中国经济运行和政策思路均出现变化。 同年12月召开的中央经济工作会议，明确提出 ...

报道称，外资被视为发展关键。目前古巴有376家外资企业，其中56家位 于马里埃尔发展特区；今年新批成立32家外资企业。政府将颁布全新政策，涉 及简化审批流程，并推进部分美元化，提升外资活力与灵活性，进而扩大国内 生产、增加出口及外汇收入。 古巴拉美通讯社11月25日报道，古巴哈瓦那国际博览会期间，古巴副总理 兼外贸外资部长佩雷斯-奥利瓦详细阐述了政府经济计划。核心是遵循"改变需 要改变的"理念，依靠自身努力应对内外挑战。古政府正推出宏观经济稳定计 划以解决当前经济扭曲问题，为所有经济行为体打造更佳营商环境。 （原标题：古巴宣布经济改革措施并发布外资机会清单） ...

报告全面展示了沙特阿拉伯在"2030愿景"引领下的经济韧性、结构转型进展及投资环境持续优化成果。 通胀率保持温和（2.2%）； SADAD支付与POS支付分别增长9.1%与7.3%； 外国投资者持股价值同比提升7.1% 这些表现显示沙特经济基本面稳健，消费与投资需求保持活力。 三、全球竞争力全面跃升 一、持续稳健的GDP增长预期（2025–2026年） 世界银行、IMF与OECD等国际机构一致预测：沙特将在全球挑战加剧的背景下持续保持增长动力， GDP增速有望在2025年与2026年分别达到3.2%–4.3%与3.7%–4.0%。这些预测反映出沙特经济改革的成 效不断显现，非石油经济比重显著提升，为跻身全球前15大经济体奠定扎实基础。 二、2025年第三季度经济关键指标亮眼 PMI达到56.8点，非石油部门活动持续扩张； 货币供应量同比增长7.8%，存款持续上升； 2021–2024年，沙特的名义固定资本形成总额（GFCF）连续四年超越国家投资战略（NIS）目标： 2024年的实际表现比目标高出49%； GFCF占GDP的比重达到 31%； 沙特在G20国家中取得多项顶级排名： ICT 发展指数第1名； 电子 ...

Group 1 - The core theme of the 2025 China Economic Conference is "Finding the Path to Breakthrough for the Chinese Economy," focusing on key challenges and transformation opportunities in the current economic environment [2][3] - The conference will take place on December 7, 2025, at the JW Marriott Hotel in Beijing, reflecting the urgent need for deep insights and forward-thinking strategies in a complex economic landscape [2][3] - The event will feature over twenty top economists and policy advisors, discussing macroeconomic policy coordination, structural reforms, technological innovation, and the development of the private economy [3][4] Group 2 - The 23rd Financial Wind and Cloud Awards will be held concurrently, recognized as one of the most credible evaluation activities in China's financial sector, covering five major categories including listed companies and banks [4] - The awards aim to select industry pioneers based on multiple dimensions such as corporate value, social responsibility, and technological innovation, promoting high-quality development in the domestic financial market [4] - The conference and awards ceremony invite participants from various sectors to explore new paths and expand new patterns for China's economic development [6] Group 3 - The conference agenda includes keynote speeches and discussions on topics such as the "14th Five-Year Plan," economic reform, real estate, and consumer stimulation, indicating a comprehensive approach to addressing economic challenges [11][12][13] - Notable speakers include prominent figures from various institutions, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between government, business, and academia in navigating economic complexities [6][7][8]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting organized by the Employers' Association of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina focused on the challenges and opportunities facing the Bosnian economy in 2026, emphasizing the need for economic reform and industrial prospects [1] Group 1: Economic Challenges and Opportunities - The meeting discussed the challenges and opportunities for the economy in 2026, including the introduction of suitable labor, EU regulations, and green transition [1] - The Vice President of the Employers' Association highlighted the importance of finding solutions to enhance the competitiveness of Bosnian companies and reduce their financial burdens [1] Group 2: Industrial Development - The Chairman of the Federation's Economic and Social Council pointed out that deindustrialization policies have led to the destruction of many economic entities, and privatization processes have caused further losses [1] - There is a pressing need to redevelop the industrial production sector in Bosnia, with government action required to improve the business environment and accelerate infrastructure development [1] Group 3: Stakeholder Involvement - The meeting brought together employers, government representatives, unions, and academic figures to coordinate future development directions in the context of European integration and reindustrialization [1] - The meeting also included an assessment report on the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in the Bosnian business sector [2]

Core Viewpoint - Turkey's Finance Minister, Mehmet Simsek, indicates that the Turkish lira is expected to gradually escape depreciation pressure due to a significant reduction in the current account deficit, recovery of international financing channels, and continuous improvement in macroeconomic indicators [1] Economic Indicators - In August 2023, Turkey achieved a current account surplus of $5.5 billion, with the annualized deficit decreasing to $18.3 billion, reducing the GDP ratio from 5.29% at the beginning of 2023 to 1.3% by the second quarter of 2025 [1] - Since the launch of economic reforms in September 2023, the five-year credit default swap for government bonds has decreased by approximately 460 basis points, allowing businesses and the treasury to secure lower financing costs in international markets [1] Debt and Fiscal Management - Turkey's total debt-to-GDP ratio is approximately 89%, which is significantly lower than the average of 242% for developing economies and 320% globally [1] - The government aims to improve the budget deficit by combating the gray economy and enhancing tax collection, with the deficit ratio expected to decrease to 3.1% by the end of this year [1] Future Plans - By 2026, Turkey plans to enter a new phase of structural transformation, accelerating railway infrastructure projects connecting industrial zones to ports, and deepening regional economic cooperation through free trade agreements and transport corridors [1] - Strategic priorities will include green energy, renewable resources, and local oil and gas development [1]

Core Insights - Argentina has a clear path to political stability following recent elections, which alleviated previous economic and financial pessimism [1][4] - The current government under President Milei is implementing strong fiscal tightening and structural reforms, improving the fiscal situation by 5% of GDP in 2024, excluding interest payments [1][3] Economic Context - Argentina's economy faced liquidity issues rather than solvency problems, with a small current account deficit and a potential for $70 billion in foreign direct investment if market access is regained [2][3] - Inflation has significantly decreased from over 100% before Milei's election to around 30% [2] Political Developments - Milei's victory in the elections allowed him to secure a controversial $20 billion swap line from the U.S. Treasury, which was contingent on his electoral success [3] - The election results indicate that the Argentine populace prefers to endure short-term economic pain rather than revert to Peronist policies [3] Future Outlook - The potential for significant foreign direct investment could accelerate economic growth, positioning Argentina as a model for market-oriented reforms in Latin America [5] - A more flexible exchange rate system is suggested, allowing for a nominal effective exchange rate target while maintaining competitiveness and balance in international payments [4]

Core Insights - Nigeria's assets have faced significant sell-offs following military threats from U.S. President Trump, leading to a sharp decline in both Nigerian dollar bonds and the naira's exchange rate against the dollar [1][2]. Group 1: Market Impact - All ten of Nigeria's dollar bonds experienced declines, with the 2047 bond seeing the largest drop of 0.6 cents per dollar, reaching 88.26 cents [2]. - The naira fell by 1.47% against the dollar, hitting a low of 1,424.59 naira per dollar, marking the largest daily drop since June [2]. Group 2: Political Context - Trump's military threats include the potential deployment of ground troops or airstrikes in Nigeria to address the "mass slaughter of Christians" [2][3]. - The U.S. Defense Secretary indicated that the Pentagon is preparing for possible actions in Nigeria following Trump's orders [3]. Group 3: Economic Relations - Trump has suggested halting all U.S. aid to Nigeria, which amounted to $1 billion in 2023, with a significant reduction in aid received since his administration began [4]. - Tariffs of 15% have been imposed on most goods imported from Nigeria, affecting trade valued at $400 million [5]. Group 4: Resource Overview - Nigeria is Africa's largest oil producer, with proven oil reserves of approximately 37 billion barrels, ranking second in Africa and eleventh globally [6]. - The country has 44 commercially viable mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, and various metals, making it an attractive destination for foreign investment [6]. Group 5: Security Situation - Nigeria faces complex security challenges, being ranked as the eighth most affected country by terrorism globally, with various militant groups operating within its borders [7]. - The motivations behind attacks in Nigeria vary, including religious conflicts and resource-based disputes between farmers and herders [7]. Group 6: Economic Outlook - Despite the current turmoil, Nigeria's stock market has seen a total return increase of approximately 65% in dollar terms this year, making it one of the best-performing emerging markets in Africa [6]. - Analysts suggest that potential military actions in northern Nigeria may not significantly impact the economy due to the already chaotic state of those regions [8].

Core Viewpoint - The midterm elections in Argentina on October 26 are a critical test for President Milei's economic reform policies, with potential implications for his ability to continue implementing reforms if his party loses [1][4]. Group 1: Election Context - The elections will determine half of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and one-third of the Senate, with Milei's party needing to control about one-third of the 257 seats in the Chamber and one-third of the 72 Senate seats to maintain legislative power [1][4]. - A loss for Milei's party could lead to the opposition overturning his veto power and blocking his reform initiatives, with the possibility of impeachment if he loses control of Congress [4][5]. Group 2: Economic Reforms and Public Sentiment - Since taking office in December 2023, Milei has implemented significant spending cuts and reduced government size, which has led to high unemployment but has also decreased inflation from 300% to around 30% [1]. - Despite these measures, the economy has not rebounded, and public dissatisfaction is growing due to rising living costs and ongoing unemployment, leading to a loss of confidence among swing voters [1][2]. Group 3: Polling and Predictions - Polling data shows a competitive landscape, with one poll indicating support for the Peronist coalition at 37% compared to Milei's 35%, while another shows Milei's party at 40.8% against 35.4% for the Peronists [5]. - Analysts suggest that a vote share below 30% would signify a major defeat for Milei, while a share above 40% would indicate a clear victory [5]. Group 4: U.S. Involvement and Strategic Interests - The U.S. is reportedly intervening in the elections to support Milei, with past economic aid linked to strict fiscal conditions, reflecting concerns over Argentina's ties with China [6][7]. - The Trump administration has warned that a loss for Milei could result in the withdrawal of U.S. economic support, emphasizing the geopolitical stakes involved [6][7].