1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - **Rebar**: The main contract price oscillated higher with a daily increase of 0.96%, and both trading volume and open interest decreased. The steel price was driven up by the resurgence of raw materials, but the fundamentals of rebar did not improve substantially under the situation of both supply and demand increasing. The steel price remained prone to pressure, and the upward driving force needed to be tracked. It is expected that the steel price will continue to oscillate, and attention should be paid to the production situation of steel mills [4]. - **Hot - rolled coil**: The main contract price showed a strong trend with a daily increase of 1.40%, trading volume decreased while open interest increased. Under the situation of weak supply and demand, the fundamentals of hot - rolled coils continued to weaken, inventory increased and the growth rate expanded. However, the real - world contradictions were limited, and the strong upward movement of raw materials provided cost support. In the short term, the price will continue to oscillate higher, and attention should be paid to the production situation of steel mills [4]. - **Iron ore**: The main contract price rose strongly with a daily increase of 2.36%, the shift of the main contract was completed, and both trading volume and open interest increased. Although the demand for iron ore was weakening, the supply recovery was lower than expected, the fundamentals were stable, and the good profit situation of steel mills provided support for the ore price. It is expected that the ore price will maintain a high - level oscillation under the game of multiple and short factors, and attention should be paid to the performance of finished products [4]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Industry Dynamics - **Automobile Industry**: In July, the production and sales of automobiles were 2.591 million and 2.593 million respectively, with a month - on - month decrease of 7.3% and 10.7% respectively, and a year - on - year increase of 13.3% and 14.7% respectively. Among 18 car companies that announced their July production and sales data, more than 60% had a year - on - year increase in sales [6]. - **Real Estate Industry**: The total sales of 18 key real estate enterprises from January to July 2025 were 842.096 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 16.9%. In July, the total sales were 95.316 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 20% and a month - on - month decrease of 41.4%. The total sales area from January to July was 42.6283 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 24.5%, and in July it was 5.4157 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 25.5% and a month - on - month decrease of 31.5% [7]. - **Iron Ore Industry**: The Sydvaranger iron ore in Norway is accelerating its restart. It is expected to start production in 2026. The total resources of the iron ore are about 514 million tons, with an average iron grade of 33.05% and a magnetite iron grade of 28.58% [8]. 3.2 Spot Market - **Steel Products**: The spot prices of rebar in Shanghai, Tianjin and the national average were 3,340, 3,360 and 3,427 respectively, with price changes of 10, 20 and 19 respectively. The spot prices of hot - rolled coils in Shanghai, Tianjin and the national average were 3,510, 3,460 and 3,522 respectively, with price changes of 30, 20 and 22 respectively. The price of Tangshan billet was 3,120 with a change of 20, and the price of Zhangjiagang heavy scrap was 2,140 with no change. The spread between hot - rolled coils and rebar was 170 with a change of 20, and the spread between rebar and scrap was 1,200 with a change of 10 [9]. - **Iron Ore**: The price of 61.5% PB powder at Shandong ports was 788 with a change of 11, the price of Tangshan iron concentrate was 783 with a change of 10. The sea freight from Australia and Brazil was 10.58 and 24.95 respectively, with changes of 0.21 and 0.59 respectively. The SGX swap price (current month) was 102.60 with a change of 0.90, and the Platts Index (CFR, 62%) was 102.90 with a change of 1.40 [9]. 3.3 Futures Market | Variety | Active Contract | Closing Price | Daily Change (%) | High Price | Low Price | Trading Volume | Volume Change | Open Interest | Open Interest Change | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Rebar | - | 3,258 | 0.96 | 3,269 | 3,235 | 1,141,600 | - 269,639 | 1,605,388 | - 7,237 | | Hot - rolled Coil | - | 3,484 | 1.40 | 3,495 | 3,454 | 488,547 | - 78,139 | 1,381,560 | 6,551 | | Iron Ore | - | 801.0 | 2.36 | 803.0 | 787.5 | 281,002 | 109,995 | 443,799 | 171,910 | [13] 3.4 Related Charts - **Steel Inventory**: The report presents the weekly changes and total inventory (including steel mills and social inventory) of rebar and hot - rolled coils, as well as the inventory of 45 ports of iron ore, 247 steel mills' iron ore inventory, and domestic mine iron concentrate inventory [16][18][21]. - **Steel Mill Production Situation**: The report shows the blast furnace operating rate and capacity utilization rate of 247 sample steel mills, the operating rate of 87 independent electric furnaces, the proportion of profitable steel mills among 247 steel mills, and the profit and loss situation of 75 building material independent electric arc furnace steel mills [30][32][33]. 3.5 Market Outlook - **Rebar**: The supply and demand pattern continued to weaken, the inventory growth rate expanded. Although the output of hot - rolled coils decreased due to the maintenance of plate mills, the sustainability of production reduction was questionable, and the positive effect of supply contraction was not strong. The demand for hot - rolled coils continued to weaken, and the weak demand put pressure on the price. It is expected that the steel price will continue to oscillate, and attention should be paid to the production situation of steel mills [38]. - **Hot - rolled Coil**: Both supply and demand increased. The production of rebar reached a high level this year, and demand improved, but the sustainability of the improvement was questionable. The fundamentals of hot - rolled coils continued to weaken, but cost support existed. In the short term, the price will continue to oscillate higher, and attention should be paid to the production situation of steel mills [39]. - **Iron Ore**: The supply and demand pattern changed little. The consumption of steel mills decreased, but the profit situation was good, and the overall decline was not large. The supply of iron ore increased limitedly. It is expected that the ore price will maintain a high - level oscillation, and attention should be paid to the performance of finished products [39].

Price and Basis - Absolute prices have significantly increased, while the basis has weakened, with futures outperforming spot prices. The current spot price for rebar in East China is 3100 yuan, with futures at a premium of 33 yuan per ton; hot-rolled coil spot price is 3310 yuan, with futures at a discount of 37 yuan per ton. The 10-1 month price spread has weakened, with rebar at -28 yuan and hot-rolled coil at -7 yuan [1] - Recent market sentiment improvement has led to price increases, boosting spot market sentiment and increasing trade volume. Futures traders are primarily engaging in arbitrage and establishing long positions [1] Supply and Demand - July production continues to decline, with an overall decrease of 90,000 tons from the May peak, including a reduction of 50,000 tons in molten iron and a decrease of 40,000 tons in scrap steel consumption. Current molten iron production is 2.398 million tons, with scrap steel consumption stable at 505,000 tons. The total production of the five major materials has decreased by 124,400 tons to 8.72 million tons; rebar production is down by 40,000 tons to 2.167 million tons, and hot-rolled coil production has decreased by 50,000 tons to 3.232 million tons [2] - Demand for the five major materials remains stable at high levels, with a decrease in demand of 12,200 tons to 8.73 million tons in the current period. The production and demand gap has narrowed in June and July, with hot-rolled coil production exceeding demand, while rebar production is slightly below demand [2] Inventory - Recent production has fluctuated with demand, leading to inventory trends that are less than expected for the off-season. Current inventory of the five major materials has decreased by 3,500 tons to 13.4 million tons, with rebar inventory down by 50,000 tons to 5.4 million tons, while hot-rolled coil inventory has increased by 6,000 tons to 3.457 million tons. The supply and demand for rebar have both decreased, maintaining a downward inventory trend, while hot-rolled coil has seen a slight increase in inventory [2] Market Sentiment and Strategy - Steel price fluctuations have intensified, with significant increases in rebar and hot-rolled coil prices, and a weakening basis. The recent stabilization of black metal prices began in June due to environmental inspections leading to reduced coking coal production. Improved market sentiment has driven a broad increase in commodity prices, with expectations from the "urban renewal" work meeting stimulating domestic demand [3] - The current market conditions suggest that while there is a low inventory and improved market sentiment supporting valuation recovery, actual demand elasticity remains limited. The next macro observation window is the political bureau meeting at the end of July. Current price levels for rebar and hot-rolled coil are being monitored for potential breakout points at 3100 yuan and 3300 yuan, respectively, with resistance levels at 3220 yuan and 3350 yuan [3]

Group 1: Market Trends - The price of steel has shown signs of stabilization and rebound, but the basis is expected to weaken due to approaching off-season and inventory nearing accumulation inflection point [1] - The demand for five major steel products is expected to continue its downward trend, with a decrease of 14,000 tons to 868 million tons [2] - Steel inventory is nearing the accumulation inflection point, with total inventory decreasing by 9,000 tons to 1,354 million tons, while plate materials have entered a clear accumulation phase [2] Group 2: Supply and Production - The production of steel is showing a high-level decline, with a slight decrease in molten iron output, while finished product reductions are significant [1] - The production of iron elements has increased by 15 million tons year-on-year from January to May, with an average daily increase of nearly 100,000 tons [1] - The current reduction in production is mainly reflected in rebar, while hot-rolled steel has not seen significant reductions [1] Group 3: Cost and Profitability - The cost side shows that coking coal inventory continues to accumulate, with supply unlikely to shrink, leading to weak support for carbon element costs [1] - The current profitability ranking from high to low is: steel billet > hot-rolled > rebar > cold-rolled [1] - The price of rebar has fallen below both electric furnace and blast furnace cost lines, resulting in significant reductions in rebar production [1] Group 4: Future Outlook - The steel price has shown signs of weakness after a brief rebound, with expectations of continued weak demand due to the suspension of national subsidies and tariffs imposed by the U.S. on steel appliances [3] - The strategy for the week includes holding short positions on hot-rolled and rebar, with attention to whether previous lows of 3,000 and 2,900 can be broken [4]

Report Overview - Report Type: Steel Daily Review [1] - Date: May 22, 2024 [2] - Research Team: Black Metal Research Team, including researchers Zhai Hepan, Nie Jiayi, and Feng Zeren [3] 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the report 2. Report's Core View - On May 21, the main contracts of rebar and hot-rolled coil futures 2510 oscillated, while the main contract of stainless steel futures 2507 oscillated upward. Currently, the fundamental contradictions of rebar and hot-rolled coil are small, and market sentiment has improved. In the short term, the futures prices will maintain an oscillating trend [5][10] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Market Conditions Review and Future Outlook 3.1.1 Spot Market Dynamics and Technical Trends - On May 21, the prices of rebar and hot-rolled coil in the spot market remained mostly unchanged, with only the hot-rolled coil price in Nanjing dropping by 10 yuan/ton. The daily KDJ indicators of the rebar and hot-rolled coil 2510 contracts showed a divergent downward trend, and the daily MACD red bars of both contracts shrank [8] 3.1.2 Future Outlook - Currently, the output of the five major steel products has slightly declined, inventory has increased, and the demand for rebar and hot-rolled coil has dropped from its peak. In terms of downstream demand, there are multiple signs of recovery in the real estate market. The steel demand in the automotive, shipbuilding, and machinery industries has generally maintained a high growth trend. Macroscopically, the Sino-US tariff situation has eased, the expectation of rush exports has increased significantly, and the expectation of downstream demand has recovered. In the future, the short-term futures prices will maintain an oscillating trend [10] 3.2 Industry News - In April 2025, China's crude steel output was 86.019 million tons, remaining flat year-on-year; from January to April, the cumulative crude steel output was 345.351 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.4%. From January to April 2025, Hebei ranked first with an output of 73.5503 million tons, followed by Jiangsu with 41.978 million tons and Shandong with 24.3396 million tons [11] - According to Mysteel, in May, HBIS Group's tender price for 75B ferrosilicon was set at 5,800 yuan/ton, down 150 yuan/ton from 5,950 yuan/ton in April, with an inquiry price of 5,700 yuan/ton [11] - As of May 19, the total inventory of imported iron ore at 47 ports in China was 146.2763 million tons, a decrease of 2.5825 million tons from the previous Monday [11] - On May 21, the capacity utilization rate of 104 electric furnace plants across the country surveyed by Fubao Information was 40.4%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points from the previous week. The daily consumption of scrap steel was 245,400 tons, an increase of 7,400 tons from the previous period, a growth rate of 3.1%. The daily consumption of electric furnaces has increased for three consecutive weeks, and the daily consumption level of 104 electric furnaces has reached a new high in nearly 18 months [11] 3.3 Data Overview - The report provides multiple data charts, including the social inventory of rebar and hot-rolled coil in major cities, the spot prices of rebar and hot-rolled coil in major markets, the weekly output of the five major steel products, the steel mill inventory of the five major steel products, the blast furnace operating rate and ironmaking capacity utilization rate, the electric furnace operating rate and capacity utilization rate, the national average daily pig iron output, the apparent consumption of the five major steel products, and the basis between the Shanghai rebar and hot-rolled coil spot and the May contracts [14][15][24][27][31]

基差：一季度螺纹钢和热卷价格整体呈现区间波动走势，一月初价格从低位冲高后，二、三月价格中枢 有所回落。螺纹钢价格波动区间3150-3400元；热卷波动区间为3300-3500元。截止3月末，5月合约螺纹 和热卷价格分别是3200元和3300元。螺纹基差偏强走势，现货偏弱；热卷基差持平走势。跨期价差方 面，5-10价差呈现下跌走势。螺纹5-10价差持续下跌，从-20下跌至-80元/每吨。热卷5-10价差从-10下跌 至-45元每吨。一季度钢材供需矛盾不大，原料双焦价格走弱，钢材需求预期偏弱，影响钢价中枢有所 下移。 供给：产量接近去年高点，考虑去年二季度产量基数高，预计增量压力将在三季度出现。从高频数据看 铁元素产量（铁水+废钢日耗）：一季度产量累计增幅500万吨，预计4月份产量累计增幅1000万吨。考 虑去年5-7月份是高基数，今年上半年的产量增幅大概在1000万吨水平。去年3季度基数低，预计三季度 增量压力凸显，以当前产量平推全年增长3500万吨。 3月策略：螺纹钢和热卷5月波动分别参考3200-3400元区间和3300-3500元区间。 二季度观点：螺纹钢和热卷10月波动分别参考3200-3400元区间和 ...