Core Viewpoint - The article pays tribute to Zhang Lihe, a prominent figure in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, highlighting his contributions to drug research and development, particularly in nucleic acid-targeted therapies and his commitment to innovation in China's pharmaceutical industry [4][25]. Group 1: Personal Background and Career - Zhang Lihe, born in 1937 in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at Peking University's School of Pharmacy [4]. - He was among the first in China to propose new approaches to drug research targeting nucleic acids, leading to the development of small molecule drugs that can precisely regulate cellular signals [4][25]. - Zhang's early life was marked by challenges, including the impact of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which shaped his determination to improve China's pharmaceutical landscape [7][11]. Group 2: Research Contributions - Zhang Lihe has successfully developed clinical anti-cancer injections and synthesized various nucleoside analogs, providing new pathways for antiviral drug design [4][25]. - He pioneered the concept of non-cytotoxic anti-tumor drugs, focusing on reversing tumor cells rather than directly killing them, which represents a significant shift in cancer treatment paradigms [5][6]. - His research led to the clinical study of 8-chloroadenosine, which showed promising results in inhibiting tumor cell growth with low toxicity, although it was ultimately withdrawn from clinical trials due to metabolic issues [6][5]. Group 3: Philosophy and Approach to Research - Zhang emphasizes the importance of patience and learning from failures in scientific research, advocating for a long-term commitment to foundational work [2][5]. - He believes that true innovation in pharmaceuticals requires moving beyond imitation to original research, aiming for "First in class" drugs rather than merely improving existing ones [25][19]. - His dedication to interdisciplinary collaboration has been crucial in advancing the field of chemical biology, despite facing skepticism from traditionalists in both chemistry and biology [20][22]. Group 4: Legacy and Influence - Zhang Lihe's influence extends to his students, whom he encourages to pursue groundbreaking research rather than simply following established paths [25][26]. - He has published over 200 impactful papers and holds three significant patents, underscoring his contributions to the field [25]. - His commitment to education and mentorship has fostered a new generation of researchers in nucleic acid drug development, establishing a legacy of innovation and excellence in the pharmaceutical industry [25][26].