Core Points - The global climate governance has entered a critical phase, with the world closely monitoring the progress of COP30 [1] - The Secretary-General emphasized the need for political will and flexibility to achieve a balanced solution that addresses emission reduction, adaptation, and financial support [1] - Funding is identified as a key issue for advancing global climate action, with a call for developed countries to mobilize $300 billion annually by 2035 and work towards a financing target of $1.3 trillion per year [1] - Multilateral development banks are urged to play a larger role in expanding climate finance supply, and necessary reforms in the global financial system are needed to better address climate challenges [1]

Group 1 - The COP30 conference is a significant milestone in global climate governance, with China promoting action and consensus to address current challenges [1] - China aims to enhance and implement its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), encouraging other countries to adopt more ambitious climate commitments [1][2] - The new NDC framework from China includes a clear target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035, alongside specific quantitative and qualitative indicators [2][3] Group 2 - China is committed to multilateralism and provides stable expectations for global climate governance through clear and measurable commitments [3] - The country is leading in clean energy, contributing over 60% of the global new wind and solar capacity in 2024, supporting both domestic and global decarbonization goals [3][4] - The national carbon trading market covers over 40% of China's CO2 emissions, with plans to increase coverage to over 60%, making it the largest carbon market globally [3][4] Group 3 - China is implementing systematic reforms to address its energy structure, aiming for an 18% reduction in carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 2024 compared to 2019 [4] - The country has integrated energy-saving and carbon reduction targets into local government performance assessments, fostering a collaborative approach to climate action [4] - China emphasizes open cooperation and aims to build a fair global climate governance system, actively engaging in South-South cooperation to assist developing countries [5] Group 4 - China is willing to collaborate with other nations to contribute to global ecological civilization and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind [6]

Core Viewpoint - The ONCE initiative, led by Chinese scientists, aims to provide a comprehensive framework for ocean carbon sequestration, integrating various mechanisms to support global climate governance [1][2]. Group 1: ONCE Initiative Overview - The ONCE initiative is part of the United Nations' "Decade of Ocean Science" framework and involves 79 teams from 33 countries [1]. - The initiative combines four major ocean carbon sink mechanisms, creating a "four-pump integration" theoretical system [1]. - ONCE proposes a "triple pragmatic" approach that is fair, reasonable, and executable, aiming to translate scientific findings into policy [1]. Group 2: International Collaboration and Support - ONCE has signed cooperation agreements with marine institutions in countries like Brazil and Chile [1]. - The initiative is seen as a crucial step in bridging the gap between data and decision-making, providing scientific basis for effective ocean carbon storage regulations [2]. - The leadership of Chinese scientists in advocating for ONCE is highlighted as a strong example of international cooperation [2].

Core Viewpoint - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, emphasizes the need for global cooperation to address climate change, accelerate emission reductions, and promote an inclusive and just transition [6][9]. Group 1: Climate Agreements and Actions - The Paris Agreement, reached 10 years ago, has successfully reduced the projected global temperature rise from over 4°C to between 2.1°C and 2.8°C by the end of the century [6]. - China has consistently advocated for multilateralism and has made significant contributions to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, showcasing its commitment to global climate governance [7][17]. - China has set ambitious national contributions, including a target for carbon intensity reduction by 2020 and a commitment to achieve peak carbon emissions before 2030, followed by a goal for carbon neutrality by 2060 [10][11]. Group 2: International Cooperation and Support - China has mobilized over 177 billion RMB for climate change South-South cooperation projects, supporting more than 120 developing countries through training and capacity-building initiatives [14][16]. - The "African Light Belt" project exemplifies China's efforts to provide clean energy solutions to developing nations, significantly improving energy access in countries like São Tomé and Príncipe [14]. - China plays a crucial role in facilitating climate funding negotiations, addressing the funding obligations of developed countries under the Paris Agreement, and providing financial support to developing nations [16]. Group 3: Technological Innovation and Green Transition - China aims to achieve a 19.8% share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption by 2024, ahead of its 2030 targets, and has become a leader in renewable energy production and electric vehicle sales [11]. - The establishment of a national carbon trading market covering over 60% of carbon emissions demonstrates China's commitment to innovative solutions for reducing emissions [11]. Group 4: Leadership in Climate Negotiations - China has been instrumental in coordinating negotiations at climate conferences, often serving as a bridge between different parties to facilitate consensus [15][16]. - The country has taken on leadership roles in various negotiation topics, including climate finance and technology transfer, reinforcing its position as a key player in global climate governance [16].

Group 1: Global Climate Governance - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) will be held in Belém, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the 30th anniversary of the climate conference [1] - The international climate governance landscape is challenged by setbacks in climate policies from developed countries, including the U.S. re-announcing its exit from the Paris Agreement, which undermines political consensus and funding support for global climate action [2] - The International Court has confirmed that countries have obligations to protect the climate system under international law, even if they are not party to relevant treaties, providing a positive signal for global climate governance [2] Group 2: China's Role in Climate Governance - China submitted its 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) document, committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels by 2035 and to establish a comprehensive greenhouse gas monitoring system [3] - China's renewable energy capacity has been the largest globally for several years, with wind and solar installations accounting for over half of the global total [3] - China is promoting initiatives like the "Tropical Rainforest Sustainable Fund" and "Carbon Market Integrated Open Alliance" to provide sustainable financing channels for developing countries [3] Group 3: Climate Financing and South-South Cooperation - COP30 will focus on mobilizing $1.3 trillion annually for climate financing by 2035, reflecting the needs of developing countries, surpassing the previously set target of $300 billion [4] - China advocates for fair and win-win principles in climate financing and supports the South-South Cooperation Climate Fund to enhance the capacity of Asian, African, and Latin American countries to address climate change [4] Group 4: Adaptation and Just Transition - The conference will review 100 indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under the Paris Agreement, addressing the significant funding gap for developing countries, which need $310 to $365 billion annually for climate risk adaptation [5] - China has accumulated experience in adaptation practices, such as sponge city construction and climate-smart agriculture, which are considered replicable models [5] Group 5: Climate and Trade Coordination - A new agenda item at COP30 will address the coordination between climate and trade, with concerns from developing countries about unilateral trade measures by developed nations, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism [7] - China calls for consensus-based solutions within a multilateral framework to oppose "green protectionism" and supports Brazil's initiative to establish a "Climate and Trade Comprehensive Forum" [7] Group 6: Conclusion on Cooperation and Action - The agenda for COP30 is complex and challenging, but China's ongoing actions and constructive role provide certainty and hope for global climate governance [8] - The emphasis is on cooperation, inclusivity, and shared responsibility to address escalating climate risks and safeguard a common future [8]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of global cooperation in addressing climate change, particularly in the context of the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the ongoing COP30 conference in Brazil [1][2] - It highlights China's commitment to multilateralism and its proactive role in climate governance, showcasing its achievements and future goals in reducing carbon emissions and promoting green technology [3][4][5] Group 1: Global Climate Governance - The COP30 conference focuses on finding common solutions to the climate crisis, accelerating emission reductions, and promoting an inclusive transition [1] - The Paris Agreement has successfully lowered the projected global temperature rise from over 4°C to between 2.1°C and 2.8°C by the end of the century [1] - China has consistently advocated for multilateralism and has taken practical actions to support global climate governance, despite setbacks from some countries [2] Group 2: China's Climate Commitments - China has exceeded its 2020 carbon intensity reduction target and has set ambitious goals for 2030, including a transition from carbon intensity control to absolute emission reductions [3][4] - The country aims for non-fossil energy to account for 19.8% of primary energy consumption by 2024, ahead of its 2030 targets [5] - China's carbon trading market covers over 60% of national carbon emissions, showcasing its commitment to effective climate action [5] Group 3: International Cooperation and Support - China has provided over 177 billion RMB in funding for climate change projects in developing countries, supporting capacity building and technology transfer [6][9] - The "African Solar Belt" project exemplifies China's efforts to enhance clean energy access in Africa, providing solar systems to households in need [7] - China plays a crucial role in facilitating negotiations at climate conferences, helping to bridge gaps between developed and developing nations [8][9]

Core Insights - The COP30 conference in Belem, Brazil, serves as a crucial platform for advancing global climate governance, particularly focusing on the Amazon rainforest, which is vital for sustainable development in the Global South [1][2] Group 1: China's Role in Climate Action - China has demonstrated commitment to its "dual carbon" goals, aiming for peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which is driving significant changes in its energy structure and industrial system [1][2] - As the world's largest developing country, China is setting an example for other developing nations by balancing emission reductions with development, viewing climate action as a new driver for national growth [2][3] - China's leadership in international climate cooperation is reshaping the traditional model dominated by developed countries, emphasizing technology sharing and collaborative development [2][3] Group 2: Sino-Latin American Climate Cooperation - Climate cooperation between China and Latin America has expanded in scope, covering areas such as clean energy development, land restoration, low-carbon urban construction, and green finance [3] - China's position as the largest exporter of clean technology is crucial for reducing the costs of green transitions in Latin American countries [3] - The convergence of China's ecological civilization philosophy and Latin America's "good life" philosophy highlights a shared vision for sustainable development, emphasizing the balance between development rights and ecological rights [3] Group 3: Future Directions and Global Cooperation - The COP30 conference provides an opportunity for developing countries to assert their agency in climate governance, showcasing the need for equality, inclusivity, and cooperation in achieving a low-carbon future [3] - The conference aims to inspire a spirit of mutual respect and solidarity among nations, promoting collaborative efforts across policy, diplomacy, and technology to realize the concept of a shared human destiny [3]

新华社巴西贝伦11月18日电（记者 吴昊 陈昊佺）《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公 约》）第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）高级别会议17日在巴西贝伦举行。《公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙 ·斯蒂尔呼吁与会代表加快在关键议题上达成共识，以确保大会取得实质成果。 斯蒂尔当日在致辞中赞赏COP30首周与会各方展现出的良好意愿。他说，会议开始7天内，各国表 态将筹集1万亿美元投资清洁能源及电网，支持一项将可持续燃料增加4倍的全球计划，激励绿色产业新 发展，并开始为新的气候适应投资作准备，这些都表明《巴黎协定》是全人类应对全球气候危机的广泛 共识。 斯蒂尔同时指出，COP30仍有大量艰巨任务，需要各方紧密合作以切实推进全球气候治理。他敦促 与会各方以更快、更公平的方式展现有效气候合作，推动实质性进展。"我看到各方有真正的决心，在 历届气候大会取得的重大进展基础上继续努力。这再次表明气候合作确实能够推动实质性进展，但必须 速度更快且更加公平。" COP30主席团17日也在记者会上介绍了当前气候谈判的总体进展与后续安排，并向公众发布一封公 开信。COP30主席多拉戈在信中表示，将争取在本周中期就气候融资等重点议题达成共识 ...

Group 1 - The COP30 conference was held in Belem, Brazil, marking the first multilateral climate governance meeting since the signing of the Paris Agreement ten years ago [1] - China's Minister of Ecology and Environment highlighted the significant progress made in ecological civilization and green development under Xi Jinping's guidance, emphasizing the country's commitment to carbon reduction, pollution control, and green growth [1] - China actively participates in global environmental and climate governance, having played a key role in the establishment and implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework [1] Group 2 - The conference addressed various climate change-related issues, including energy transition, climate financing, and adaptation to climate change, with calls for unity among nations to find common solutions to the climate crisis [1] - China's continuous institutional innovation in green taxation is providing a "Chinese model" for global climate governance, promoting a green and low-carbon transformation of production and lifestyle through a comprehensive green tax system [2]

Group 1 - The COP30 conference is being held in Belem, Brazil, highlighting the collaboration between China and Latin American countries in green infrastructure and low-carbon projects [1] - China is focusing on green energy as a key area of cooperation with Latin America, with significant projects like the Sylvania converter station and the opening of the smart green port in Peru [1][2] - The Sylvania converter station, funded by China National Grid, will provide stable electricity to approximately 12 million people in Brazil [1] - The smart green port in Peru, which operates on green electricity and achieves zero carbon emissions, is a historic milestone for the country [1] Group 2 - China and Latin America have strengthened cooperation in renewable energy sectors such as hydropower, wind power, and solar energy, with numerous projects emerging across the region [2] - The Huachari solar power plant in Argentina is noted for being the largest and highest altitude solar project in South America [2] - The San Gaban hydropower station in Peru has alleviated electricity shortages for millions [2] - The New Tanki wind power project in Brazil is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 650,000 tons annually, equivalent to reforesting 1,800 hectares [2] - Chinese electric vehicles are significantly contributing to the reduction of emissions in the transportation sector in Latin America [2] Group 3 - Chinese electric buses are being integrated into public transport systems in Latin America, such as the 60 trolleybuses launched in Quito, Ecuador [3] - China has committed to sharing its experience in land restoration and deforestation prevention with Latin American countries [3] - The collaboration between China and Brazil aims to restore degraded soils and protect the Amazon rainforest, addressing the balance between economic development and ecological preservation [3] Group 4 - The cooperation between global southern countries demonstrates that through unity and technological empowerment, sustainable development can be achieved [4]