21世纪经济报道记者赖镇桃报道 中国电动汽车的出海之路，正在迎来新的拐点。 美国咨询公司荣鼎集团本周发布的报告显示，2024年中国电动汽车产业链的海外投资历史性超过国内投 资，去年该行业的国内投资约150亿美元，海外投资则达到160亿美元，反映出国际市场俨然成为中国电 动车的新战场。 值得注意的是，电池恰是中国电动汽车产业链对外投资的大头，海外总投资的74%都集中在电池领域。 荣鼎的报告指出，考虑到运输成本和下游客户要求就近配套，中国的电池制造商更加国际化，引领着早 期的海外扩张。 在国产锂电的出海浪潮里，欧洲、东南亚一直稳居前两大首选地，今年以来，中资电池厂下南洋的势头 愈发凶猛。据21世纪经济报道记者不完全统计，仅今年上半年，宣布在东南亚投资建厂的锂电企业就有 亿纬锂能（300014）、欣旺达（300207）、珠海冠宇、宁德时代（300750）、瑞浦兰钧、海四达、双登 集团等近十家电池巨头，还有湖南裕能（301358）、星源材质（300568）等锂电材料厂商也紧随其后， 宣布将在东南亚建设产能。 在受访专家看来，目前东南亚在中国锂电的出口份额占比还不算高，但其战略地位、快速推进的新能源 转型，都预示着这里 ...

美国政坛最近的两件事闹得很热闹。一是美国大豆协会给特朗普发警告信，说豆农快扛不住了，要他赶 紧找中国谈大豆采购；二是美财长贝森特放话，中美经贸对话 "很好"，11 月前再碰面，想借 90 天关税 暂停期敲定协议。看着没关系，其实是一回事，就是美国自己搞出来的麻烦，想让中国来收拾。 先看这封警告信。中国是全球最大的大豆买家，过去五年买走六成出口大豆，美国豆农以前靠中国市场 活得滋润。但特朗普一搞贸易战，对中国加高额关税，一切都变了。中国不傻，订单直接转去南美，尤 其是巴西。2023-2024年，中国还买了美国54%的出口大豆，总价值132亿美元；但是路透社的最新报道 中说，中国现在买的美国大豆，只有从巴西进口的15% 特朗普收到美国农民的警告信 秋收要到了，中国没给美国下新订单。美国豆农慌了，怕损失再扩大，只能逼特朗普。之前特朗普喊着 让中国多买美豆，豆农还高兴了一阵，大豆期货涨了点，结果没几天就打回原形。中国早有准备，不光 多买巴西大豆，还砸120亿美元帮巴西建港口铁路，把运输时间从45天缩到33天。这样一来，美国大豆 想要出口给中国就更难了。 在这样的情况下，美国财政部长贝森特只能一边吹特朗普的政绩，一边对 ...

Group 1 - European countries have shown a significant shift in their stance towards U.S. proposals, particularly regarding tariffs on China, indicating a newfound assertiveness in international trade discussions [1][3] - The automotive industry in Europe heavily relies on the Chinese market, with over 10% of exports linked to it, highlighting the economic interdependence between Europe and China [9] - Europe's refusal to support U.S. tariffs against China is driven by self-interest, as aligning with U.S. policies could harm European businesses and economic interests [9] Group 2 - The U.S. is attempting to shift domestic economic blame onto China, using tariffs as a political tool to distract from its own economic challenges [5] - China's proactive measures, such as expanding domestic demand and diversifying trade partnerships, have positioned it to withstand external pressures, including U.S. tariffs [13] - The recent developments signal a potential shift in international relations, with countries increasingly recognizing their interconnected interests and moving away from U.S. hegemony [13]

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce has imposed a 50% tariff on 407 types of steel and aluminum derivative products, indicating a deepening of trade protectionism [3] - This policy aims to protect the domestic steel and aluminum industries while posing new challenges to global supply chains and related sectors, affecting a wide range of industries from wind turbines to automotive parts [3] - The tariff policy may serve as a catalyst for adjusting trade relations, prompting countries to reassess their positions within global supply chains [3] Group 2 - The imposition of tariffs is expected to raise inflation expectations, exacerbate trade tensions, and increase economic uncertainty, which overall benefits silver prices [3] - Despite potential short-term pressure from a strengthening dollar, rising safe-haven demand and heightened inflation expectations are likely to drive silver prices higher [3] - In the silver market, key resistance levels are identified in the 8.651-8.800 range, while support levels are noted in the 8.400-8.573 range [4]

Group 1: US-China Trade Relations - The US and China have agreed to extend the suspension of tariffs for 90 days, which is seen as a move to ease trade tensions and stabilize the macroeconomic environment in China [1][9] - The bilateral trade volume between the US and China is projected to exceed $680 billion in 2024, indicating deep interconnections across various sectors [3] - Despite a 21.7% year-on-year decline in exports to the US, China's overall export growth has accelerated, reflecting a shift in trade patterns due to high tariffs [4] Group 2: Brazil's Trade Dynamics - Brazilian President Lula has expressed concerns over US tariffs on Brazilian exports, which have been increased by 50%, and has sought support from China to counteract US pressure [6][7] - Lula's administration is pursuing a multilateral approach to address trade disputes, including filing complaints with the World Trade Organization against US tariffs [6] - The cooperation between China and Brazil is strengthened by their shared interests in opposing unilateral trade practices and promoting a multipolar world [7][9] Group 3: Global Trade Environment - The current trade landscape is characterized by increasing resistance to unilateralism and protectionism, as evidenced by the responses from China and Brazil to US tariff policies [9] - The next 90 days will involve continued negotiations between the US and China, with potential discussions on various trade-related issues, although significant reductions in tariffs are unlikely [3][9] - The evolving international trade dynamics emphasize the importance of multilateral cooperation in addressing global economic challenges [9]

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce announced a 50% tariff on 407 categories of steel and aluminum derivatives, indicating a strong intent to protect domestic steel and aluminum industries, marking a deepening of trade protectionism [1] - The newly added tariff list includes a wide range of products such as wind turbines and components, mobile cranes, railway vehicles, furniture, compressors, and pumps, reflecting a significant expansion of the tariff scope [1] - Based on conservative estimates from Michigan State University, the value of goods currently covered by these tariffs is as high as $328 billion, which is six times the value of $191 billion before the tariff adjustments in 2018 [1] Group 2 - Recent market trends show a significant increase in risk aversion in the domestic market, leading to a general decline in commodity futures [2] - As of August 20, 2023, the main rebar futures fell by 0.99% to 3,113 yuan/ton, hot-rolled coil futures dropped by 1.31% to 3,378 yuan/ton, and main aluminum futures decreased by 0.51% to 20,470 yuan/ton [2] - The casting aluminum alloy futures also saw a decline of 0.37%, settling at 20,010 yuan/ton, indicating a bearish trend in the aluminum market [2]

Group 1 - The World Trade Organization (WTO) has lowered its global goods trade growth forecast for 2026 from 2.5% to 1.8%, indicating increasing damage from U.S. tariff measures on the global trade system [1] - The U.S. has imposed differentiated tariffs ranging from 10% to 50% on 69 trading partners, raising the trade-weighted average tariff rate to 20.11% as of August 7 [1] - The imposition of tariffs violates WTO principles, leading to systemic risks in global trade rules and increasing uncertainty and fragmentation [1] Group 2 - The unilateral approach of the U.S. in trade negotiations has led to market access agreements that favor U.S. industries while harming global trade governance [2] - Developing countries bear the brunt of the costs associated with high transportation and tariff impacts, leading to their marginalization in value chains [2] - The current state of the multilateral trade system is precarious, with rising trade restrictions potentially exacerbating economic disparities and uncertainty [2] Group 3 - Urgent reforms are needed for the WTO's dispute resolution mechanism, including the selection of appellate judges and maintaining a two-tier structure for dispute resolution [3] - Emerging economies are encouraged to build diversified supply chain networks to mitigate risks and enhance resilience through regional resource integration [3] - Strengthening the core position of the multilateral trade system is essential, advocating for inclusive rule reforms and ensuring that global development benefits are shared equitably [3]

据了解，中国PVC产业的电石法工艺是成本优势的核心支撑。据苗扬介绍，全球PVC生产以乙烯法为 主，而中国凭借煤炭资源优势，电石法工艺占比超80%，这使得国内PVC生产成本较全球乙烯法工艺生 产成本低500～800元/吨。"在低成本驱动下，中国PVC产品大量涌入印度市场，对印度本土生产企业造 成较大的市场冲击。"苗扬表示，在贸易保护主义导向下，印度通过反倾销设置壁垒，本质是为本土制 造业争取成长空间和市场份额。 8月14日，印度商工部发布公告，对原产于或进口自中国、印度尼西亚、日本、韩国、泰国、美国等国 家和地区的聚氯乙烯悬浮树脂作出反倾销肯定性终裁，建议继续对上述国家和地区的涉案产品征收为期 5年的反倾销税。这成为重塑全球PVC贸易格局的关键变量。与2024年10月的初裁相比，中国PVC企业 被加征的税额大幅提高，而其他国家及地区的企业税额普遍下降，形成显著的"税额差"。这一超预期结 果不仅直接冲击中国PVC对印度出口，更在全球贸易保护主义抬头、全球PVC供需失衡的背景下，倒逼 中国PVC产业加速寻找破局路径。 采访中，期货日报记者了解到，印度PVC反倾销调查终裁结果的核心目的是通过"差异化税率"主动调整 进 ...

Group 1 - The World Trade Organization (WTO) has lowered its global goods trade growth forecast for 2026 from 2.5% to 1.8%, indicating increasing damage from U.S. tariff measures on the global trade system [1] - The U.S. has imposed differentiated tariffs ranging from 10% to 50% on 69 trading partners, raising the trade-weighted average tariff rate to 20.11% as of August 7 [1] - The imposition of tariffs violates WTO principles, leading to systemic risks in global trade rules and increasing uncertainty and fragmentation [1] Group 2 - The unilateral approach of the U.S. in trade negotiations has led to market access agreements that favor U.S. industries while harming global trade governance [2] - Developing countries bear the heaviest burden from these tariff measures, with 32 landlocked developing countries facing marginalization in value chains due to high transportation costs and tariffs [2] - The current multilateral trade system is at a crossroads, with rising trade restrictions potentially leading to further trade contraction and exacerbating economic disparities [2] Group 3 - Urgent reforms are needed for the WTO's dispute resolution mechanism, including the selection of appellate judges and maintaining a two-tier structure for dispute resolution [3] - Emerging economies are encouraged to build diversified supply chain networks to mitigate risks and enhance resilience through regional resource integration [3] - Strengthening the core position of the multilateral trade system is essential, advocating for inclusive rule reforms and ensuring that global development benefits are shared equitably [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the severe challenges faced by American soybean farmers due to the trade policies implemented by former President Trump, particularly the increased tariffs on Chinese imports, which have led to a significant loss of market access for U.S. soybeans. Group 1: Impact of Tariffs - Trump's announcement in April 2025 to raise tariffs on Chinese imports from 34% to 84% resulted in a total tax rate of 104%, which prompted China to retaliate with a 10% tariff on U.S. soybeans, eliminating the price advantage of American soybeans [3] - As a consequence, Chinese buyers signed contracts for 12 million tons of soybeans from Brazil, accounting for half of the demand for the next two months, leaving American farmers without any sales [3] Group 2: Agricultural Subsidies - In response to the crisis, Trump proposed a $61 billion subsidy plan, but most of the funds went to large farms and urban investors, while small farmers received minimal support, insufficient to cover rising costs [5] - Following the announcement of subsidies, soybean prices fell by 1.5%, indicating market skepticism about the effectiveness of these measures [5] Group 3: Market Dynamics - Trump's pressure tactics, including demands for China to purchase four times the amount of soybeans, were ineffective as China continued to secure supplies from Brazil, even establishing currency settlements to avoid exchange rate risks [7] - The reliance on Chinese orders has historically been significant, with over 40% of U.S. soybean exports going to China, but by August 2025, orders from Chinese buyers had completely ceased [9] Group 4: Consequences for Farmers - The financial strain on American farmers is evident, with 88 farms filing for bankruptcy, a 76% increase from the previous year, as subsidies failed to cover loan interests [11] - The article highlights the disparity in subsidy distribution, with funds benefiting Wall Street investors rather than actual farmers, leading to disillusionment among the agricultural community [11] Group 5: Competitive Landscape - China's investments in Brazil have strengthened its supply chain, with a 48% increase in Brazilian soybean shipments to Chinese ports, while American shipments have virtually disappeared [13] - The cost advantage of Brazilian soybeans, which are $31 per ton cheaper than U.S. soybeans, combined with shorter transportation times and reduced currency risks, has made American soybeans less competitive [15]