责任编辑：曹睿潼 9月11日，国务院新闻办公室举行国务院政策例行吹风会，介绍全国部分地区实施要素市场化配置综合 改革试点有关情况。中国人民银行研究局局长王信表示，下一步，中国人民银行将围绕增加有效金融服 务供给，推动更高水平的金融开放合作，推动数智赋能金融发展等方面，加大对要素市场化配置综合改 革试点地区的金融支持力度，为建设全国统一大市场作出积极贡献。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The State Council of China has approved a comprehensive reform pilot plan for the market-oriented allocation of factors in several regions, aiming to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and promote a high-level socialist market economy [1][2][3] Group 1: Pilot Areas and Implementation - The pilot areas include Beijing's urban sub-center, key cities in southern Jiangsu, Hangzhou-Ningbo-Wenzhou, Hefei metropolitan area, Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou, Zhengzhou, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, nine cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chongqing, and Chengdu [2][3] - The implementation period is set for two years, starting immediately [2] Group 2: Objectives and Responsibilities - The plan aims to deepen the reform of factor market allocation, improve market systems and rules, and eliminate institutional barriers to the free flow and efficient allocation of factors [3] - Provincial governments are tasked with taking primary responsibility for organizing and implementing the reforms, focusing on enhancing factor coordination and efficiency [3] Group 3: Key Areas of Focus - Emphasis on technology factor innovation, including the establishment of a system for the ownership of scientific achievements and the promotion of technology transfer [5][16][29] - Land factor efficiency will be improved through reforms in land management and the promotion of mixed-use land policies [6][31][45] - Human resources will be facilitated through reforms in the household registration system and the establishment of unified public employment services [8][20][47] Group 4: Data and Capital Factors - The plan includes the establishment of rules for data factor circulation and the promotion of data sharing and utilization [9][35] - Financial services will be enhanced to better support the real economy, including the development of innovative financial products and the establishment of a multi-level capital market [12][22][37] Group 5: Environmental and Resource Management - The creation of a green factor trading mechanism is proposed, focusing on ecological protection and resource utilization [13][38] - The plan aims to improve the market-oriented allocation of environmental resources and promote sustainable development practices [24][38]

这种非理性竞争将让企业陷入不良循环，该领域内的相关企业不得不压缩必要的生产成本、 降低产品质量，从而换取价格优势。一方面，这种情况会挤压产业链上下游利润空间，不仅 影响企业再生产与研发投入，更会影响整个行业发展后劲。另一方面，非理性竞争最终会因 为质量问题等损害消费者利益，导致市场对相关商品的信任感下降。从宏观层面看，这种持 续的非理性的价格竞争可能会使相关行业的落后产能挤出先进产能，抑制行业的创新活力， 扭曲资源配置效率，导致市场淘汰机制失灵。 近日，工信部部长李乐成在国新办新闻发布会上回答行业治理问题时表示，"企业产业的培育 可谓千辛万苦，而非理性竞争毁掉一个企业、毁掉一个产业，可能一夜之间，我们绝不能容 忍这种事情发生。" 所谓非理性竞争，主要是指向近几年我国一些领域出现的"内卷式"竞争现象。历史表明，市 场是配置资源最有效率的形式，竞争是市场经济运行的重要机制。通过市场竞争优化资源配 置，实现优胜劣汰，能够倒逼企业不断创新，最终提高经济运行效率，促进经济发展与技术 进步。 价格竞争是市场中最常见的竞争方式。在一些相对低附加值的领域，部分企业为追求市场占 有率会采取价格战方式赢得竞争优势；而在高附加值领 ...

Economic Performance - The report indicates that China's economy has shown a recovery trend in the first half of the year, with GDP growth of 5.3%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points compared to last year [2] - Key economic indicators have performed well, with fixed asset investment growing by 1.6% and retail sales of consumer goods increasing by 4.8% in the first seven months [2] - The high-tech manufacturing sector has seen a significant increase, with added value growing by 9.5% in the same period [2] Fiscal Policy and Budget Execution - The fiscal policy has been proactive, with total public budget revenue reaching 135839 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.1% [4] - Tax revenue has decreased by 0.3% to 110933 billion yuan, while non-tax revenue has increased by 2% to 24906 billion yuan [5] - Public budget expenditure has grown by 3.4% to 160737 billion yuan, with central government expenditure increasing by 8.8% [5] Cultural and Tourism Development - The integration of culture and tourism has been emphasized, with the cultural and related industries' added value reaching 5.95 trillion yuan and tourism-related industries at 5.48 trillion yuan [7] - Domestic tourism is projected to reach 56.15 billion trips in 2024, with total spending of 5.75 trillion yuan [8] - The report highlights the growing influence of Chinese culture, with 1.32 billion inbound tourists expected in 2024, contributing to a total expenditure of 942 billion USD [8] Climate Change and Energy Transition - China has built the world's largest renewable energy system, contributing to a quarter of the global increase in green areas [10] - The report states that carbon intensity has decreased, and the share of non-fossil energy consumption is on track to meet the 2030 targets [10] - The establishment of a national carbon market is progressing, covering over 60% of national carbon emissions [10] Labor and Employment - The report indicates that the political role of labor unions has been strengthened, with significant contributions to social stability and worker rights [12] - The number of grassroots unions has increased significantly, with 37.6 million new members added from 2021 to 2024 [13] - There is a focus on improving labor relations and enhancing the legal framework for labor rights protection [13]

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the national standard for individual business credit evaluation aims to enhance credit financing for individual businesses by establishing a standardized evaluation system that incorporates various dimensions such as tax compliance, social security contributions, and digital operations [1][2][3] Group 1: Standard Implementation and Impact - The new standard addresses the long-standing issue of the lack of a credit assessment system for individual businesses, which has hindered their access to financing due to their small scale and insufficient collateral [1][2] - By transforming daily operational data into quantifiable credit assets, the standard allows for a shift from traditional collateral-based lending to a model that values reputation and stable business records [1][2] - The establishment of a standardized credit information sharing channel will significantly reduce investigation costs for financial institutions and facilitate the market circulation of credit elements [2][3] Group 2: Broader Economic Implications - The credit evaluation system is expected to generate institutional benefits beyond financial services, enabling timely risk detection and supporting the identification of high-potential businesses [2][3] - The integration of credit accumulation with policies aimed at transforming individual businesses into enterprises will help overcome institutional barriers during their upgrade process [2][3] - The standard's implementation is strategically significant for China's economic transformation, as it aims to release the vitality of microeconomic entities and reduce transaction costs [3][4] Group 3: Long-term Effects and Future Considerations - A favorable credit environment is anticipated to attract more resources to individual businesses, creating a virtuous cycle of improved credit leading to easier financing and faster development [4] - The enhancement of the credit system is expected to foster a stronger spirit of contract within society, thereby lowering transaction costs and improving economic efficiency [4] - Continuous efforts are needed to address practical challenges such as data collection standardization and the protection of individual business rights, ensuring the effective application of the new credit evaluation system [3][4]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasizes that irrational competition can destroy enterprises and industries overnight, which is intolerable [1] - Irrational competition, particularly "involution-style" competition, has emerged in various sectors in China, leading to disordered competition as the economy transitions to innovation-driven development [1][2] - Price competition is prevalent in low-value-added sectors, while high-value-added sectors rely on technological differentiation and brand building for competitive advantage [1] Group 2 - Non-rational competition leads to a vicious cycle where companies cut production costs and lower product quality to gain price advantages, squeezing profit margins across the industry [2] - This situation not only affects the sustainability of enterprises but also damages consumer trust and distorts resource allocation efficiency, ultimately hindering innovation [2][3] - The transition from high-speed to high-quality development in China necessitates a focus on technological innovation to enhance manufacturing competitiveness and create a modern industrial system with global competitiveness [2][3] Group 3 - Innovation is crucial for economic circulation, driving productivity and creating new industries, which in turn increases household wealth and government revenue for public services [3] - However, widespread irrational competition undermines this cycle by leading to low profits in manufacturing, making it difficult to attract investment for innovation [3] - Addressing irrational competition is essential for the fate of industries and the ability to achieve a new development pattern and establish a self-circulating economy [3]

Group 1: CPI and PPI Trends - In August, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained flat month-on-month and decreased by 0.4% year-on-year, influenced by a high base from the previous year and a continuous decline in food prices [1][10] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) ended an eight-month downward trend, remaining flat month-on-month and decreasing by 2.9% year-on-year, with the decline narrowing by 0.7 percentage points compared to July [4][5] Group 2: Core CPI and Industrial Prices - The core CPI, excluding food and energy prices, increased by 0.9% year-on-year in August, marking the fourth consecutive month of growth [3][11] - Industrial prices showed positive changes, with certain sectors like coal processing and black metal smelting experiencing a narrowing of year-on-year price declines, contributing to the overall stabilization of PPI [7][8] Group 3: Policy Impact and Market Dynamics - The "anti-involution" policy has led to improvements in the supply-demand relationship, positively affecting industrial product prices and reducing disorderly competition in various sectors [3][9] - The implementation of more proactive macro policies is expected to support a gradual recovery in prices, with forecasts indicating a potential narrowing of PPI year-on-year declines in the coming months [8][12]

Core Viewpoint - The seminar highlighted the analysis and outlook of China's economic and financial situation for mid-2025, emphasizing the need for macroeconomic regulation and deepening reforms to enhance internal economic momentum in response to complex international challenges [1]. Economic Performance - In the first half of 2025, China's economy showed significant characteristics: consumption outperformed investment, and external demand was stronger than internal demand. The annual growth target of around 5% is expected to be achieved [5][6]. - The GDP growth rates were 5.4% in Q1 and 5.2% in Q2, leading to an overall growth of 5.3% in the first half. A growth rate of 4.7% in the second half would suffice to meet the annual target [5][6]. Regional Economic Development - Sichuan has emerged as the fifth-largest economy in China, with a continuously optimized industrial structure and enhanced competitiveness. Future efforts should focus on leveraging internal demand and upgrading industries to promote high-quality development [4][6]. Consumer and External Demand - Retail sales in May increased by 6.4% year-on-year, driven by holiday effects, promotional activities, and government subsidies for major consumer goods [6]. - Exports contributed 1.7 percentage points to economic growth in the first half, acting as a stabilizer amid slower domestic demand recovery [6][7]. Financial Indicators - The narrowing gap between M1 and M2 indicates a gradual recovery in corporate confidence, while the expansion of the gap between social financing and credit growth suggests that government bond issuance is a key driver of social financing growth [7][8]. Policy Focus for the Second Half - The policy direction for the second half of 2025 will prioritize domestic demand, with a focus on stimulating consumption and increasing infrastructure investment [8][9]. - Major projects in infrastructure, such as the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower station, are expected to play a crucial role in stabilizing investment growth [8]. Long-term Economic Strategy - To address the challenges posed by high savings rates and trade protectionism, reforms should focus on increasing consumption rates through income distribution reforms and enhancing social security systems [9][10]. - The establishment of a unified national market is essential for optimizing resource allocation and promoting new quality productivity [11]. Global Competitiveness - Chinese companies are encouraged to enhance their global perspective and operational capabilities while deepening their engagement in the domestic market to improve international competitiveness [11][12].

Group 1: Policy Context - The concept of "involution" was officially introduced in China's policy discourse during the Politburo meeting on July 30, 2024, emphasizing the need to prevent "malicious competition" in industries[1] - The 2025 Politburo meeting reiterated the importance of optimizing market competition order and regulating disorderly competition among enterprises[2] - A series of policies and regulations have been implemented since 2020 to combat administrative monopolies and local protectionism, aiming to break the cycle of homogeneous competition[3] Group 2: Characteristics of Involution in Urban Investment Enterprises - Urban investment enterprises exhibit involution through homogeneous business layouts, debt-income mismatches, and administrative intervention[5] - Homogeneous business layouts are evident in three core areas: industrial parks, cultural tourism projects, and infrastructure, leading to resource wastage[5] - Debt-income mismatches result in continuous debt service payments exceeding operational income, creating a rigid financial gap and forcing enterprises into a cycle of borrowing[6] Group 3: Causes of Involution - The root causes of involution include institutional environment, government-enterprise relations, and the inherent capabilities of urban investment enterprises[8] - Institutional factors involve market segmentation and local protectionism, distorting competitive logic and limiting asset allocation[8] - Government-enterprise relations lead to urban investment enterprises being treated as "government tools," undermining their market autonomy and operational capabilities[9] Group 4: Key Paths for Counteracting Involution - Reconstructing assessment indicators to detach urban investment enterprises from local government performance metrics is crucial[11] - Transitioning urban investment enterprises from "financing platforms" to "city operators" can enhance their market-driven operational capabilities[13] - Promoting cross-regional cooperation among urban investment enterprises can facilitate resource sharing and risk mitigation, transforming competition into collaboration[15]

Group 1 - The current economic environment shows weak domestic demand and external pressures, necessitating measures to increase residents' income, such as enhancing property income and improving social security levels to boost consumer confidence [1][10] - In August, the Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 2.9% year-on-year, but the decline narrowed by 0.7 percentage points compared to the previous month, marking the first contraction since March [2] - The narrowing of the PPI decline is attributed to lower comparative base effects from the previous year and the implementation of more proactive macro policies, leading to positive price changes in certain industries [2][4] Group 2 - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) fell by 0.4% year-on-year in August, marking the fifth instance of negative growth in the first eight months of the year [5][8] - The decline in CPI is primarily due to a high comparative base from the previous year and lower-than-seasonal increases in food prices, with significant drops in pork, fresh vegetables, and eggs [8][9] - Experts indicate that the core issue affecting CPI is weak domestic demand, and there is a need for strategies to increase residents' income to stimulate consumption [10]