受国务院委托，财政部部长蓝佛安24日向十四届全国人大常委会第十六次会议作2024年中央决算的报告。根据 报告，2024年，财政改革发展各项工作取得新进展，中央决算情况总体较好。 新华社北京6月24日电 题：决算情况总体较好 加力实施财政政策——聚焦2024年中央决算报告 来源：新华社 责编：李丹 校对：冉燕青 版权声明 报告显示，2024年，中央一般公共预算收入100462.06亿元，为预算的98.1%，加上调入和结转资金，收入总量 为108844.06亿元。中央一般公共预算支出141055.9亿元，完成预算的97.9%，加上补充中央预算稳定调节基 金，支出总量为142244.06亿元。 增加6万亿元地方政府债务限额置换存量隐性债务，总额一次报批、分配一次到位、分年安排实施，其中2024 年2万亿元置换额度已全部发行、基本置换完毕；安排并发行1万亿元超长期特别国债，制定资金监管暂行办 法，推进"两重"项目建设和"两新"政策实施；提高国家奖助学金资助标准并扩大政策覆盖面，上调国家助学贷 款额度、调减贷款利率，惠及学生3400多万人次；进一步增加科技投入，中央财政本级科技支出增长 7.4%……报告里的一组数据彰显 ...

新华社北京6月24日电 题：决算情况总体较好 加力实施财政政策——聚焦2024年中央决算报告 新华社记者申铖 受国务院委托，财政部部长蓝佛安24日向十四届全国人大常委会第十六次会议作2024年中央决算的报 告。根据报告，2024年，财政改革发展各项工作取得新进展，中央决算情况总体较好。 报告显示，2024年，中央一般公共预算收入100462.06亿元，为预算的98.1%，加上调入和结转资金，收 入总量为108844.06亿元。中央一般公共预算支出141055.9亿元，完成预算的97.9%，加上补充中央预算 稳定调节基金，支出总量为142244.06亿元。 增加6万亿元地方政府债务限额置换存量隐性债务，总额一次报批、分配一次到位、分年安排实施，其 中2024年2万亿元置换额度已全部发行、基本置换完毕；安排并发行1万亿元超长期特别国债，制定资金 监管暂行办法，推进"两重"项目建设和"两新"政策实施；提高国家奖助学金资助标准并扩大政策覆盖 面，上调国家助学贷款额度、调减贷款利率，惠及学生3400多万人次；进一步增加科技投入，中央财政 本级科技支出增长7.4%……报告里的一组数据彰显去年财政政策有力有效。 "2024 ...

Core Viewpoint - Since 2025, China's economy has shown strong resilience and vitality despite complex challenges, significantly supported by the effective implementation of proactive fiscal policies [1] Fiscal Policy and Government Debt - The total new government debt in China for this year reached 11.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.9 trillion yuan compared to 2024, indicating a notable rise in fiscal spending intensity [1][2] - The issuance of ultra-long special bonds is set to increase by 30% this year, with a planned issuance of 1.3 trillion yuan, which is 300 billion yuan more than the previous year [2] - As of June 23, 2023, 4.84 trillion yuan of ultra-long special bonds have been issued, achieving a progress rate of 37.2% [2] Special Bonds and Their Impact - The issuance of 5 trillion yuan in central financial institution capital injection special bonds has been completed, aimed at supporting state-owned commercial banks in enhancing their core tier one capital [3] - The rapid issuance of refinancing special bonds, aimed at replacing hidden debts, reached 17.715 trillion yuan by June 23, 2023, achieving 88.6% of the annual quota [3] - The acceleration of special bond issuance is expected to help local governments free up funds for development and construction, thereby enhancing growth momentum [3][4] New Special Bonds and Investment - The issuance of new special bonds has accelerated, with a total of 18.126 trillion yuan issued by June 23, 2023, representing a significant increase of 36.1% compared to the same period in 2024 [4] - Special bonds remain a key tool for government investment, playing a crucial role in stabilizing employment, businesses, and market expectations [4][5] - The increase in special bonds is expected to create a positive cycle between government fiscal spending and microeconomic entities [5] Future Outlook - The issuance of government bonds is anticipated to maintain a rapid pace in the second half of the year, with expectations that new special bonds and ultra-long special bonds will be largely completed by the end of the third quarter [5][6] - The proactive fiscal policies are expected to continue to support investment and consumption, contributing to the achievement of annual economic growth targets [6][7]

Economic Performance - In May, industrial added value increased by 5.8% year-on-year, slightly above the consensus forecast of 5.7%[4] - Retail sales of consumer goods grew by 6.4% year-on-year in May, exceeding expectations and up 1.3 percentage points from April[10] - Fixed asset investment showed a cumulative year-on-year growth of 3.7% from January to May, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous period[18] Sector Analysis - Manufacturing investment from January to May rose by 8.5% year-on-year, while real estate investment fell by 10.7%[21] - The cumulative year-on-year decline in real estate new construction area was 22.8%, with completed area down by 17.3%[22] - High-tech industries saw a cumulative year-on-year growth of 9.5% in industrial added value from January to May[6] Policy Implications - The importance of stabilizing domestic demand is emphasized, especially with external uncertainties remaining high[30] - Active fiscal policies are being accelerated, with government bond financing continuing to grow significantly[30] - The government is focusing on measures to stabilize the real estate market and boost consumer spending[30] Risks - Potential risks include a resurgence of global inflation and a faster-than-expected economic slowdown in Europe and the U.S.[30]

Group 1: Economic Environment and Challenges - The current international situation is evolving significantly, with increasing competition in technology and industry, leading to heightened external uncertainties [2] - Trade protectionism is on the rise, increasing export pressures on China, particularly in industries heavily reliant on exports to the U.S. such as machinery and electronics [3] - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has downgraded its global economic growth forecast for 2025 from 3.3% to 2.8% due to ongoing trade policy uncertainties [3] Group 2: Supply Chain and Manufacturing Risks - There are two major risks for China's manufacturing sector: decoupling and technology blockade, as developed countries attempt to reduce reliance on Chinese supply chains [4] - Developed countries are implementing strategies to attract low-end manufacturing away from China, while simultaneously restricting high-end manufacturing technology from leaving [4] Group 3: Financial Market Volatility - Global financial markets are experiencing increased volatility due to economic and political uncertainties, which may exacerbate capital flow fluctuations in China [5] - Financial sanctions and restrictions on capital markets are making it more difficult for Chinese companies to secure financing [5] Group 4: Fiscal Policy Response - A more proactive fiscal policy is deemed essential for enhancing the certainty of high-quality economic development in response to external shocks [6] - The Chinese government has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio of 67.5%, providing significant room for fiscal policy expansion compared to G20 and G7 countries [8] Group 5: Implementation of Fiscal Policies - The focus of fiscal policy should be on enhancing social welfare, promoting consumption, and increasing investment efficiency to stimulate domestic demand [9] - Coordination between fiscal and monetary policies is crucial for effective macroeconomic management, ensuring that government investments lead to increased social investments [11]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting highlighted the challenges faced by international trade and economic order, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to stabilize the economy and maintain trade resilience [1] Group 1: Economic Challenges - The international economic and trade order is experiencing severe shocks, leading to increased fragmentation of supply chains and rising trade barriers [1] - These challenges are significantly impacting economic development across countries [1] Group 2: Policy Responses - In response to external shocks, the government is enhancing macroeconomic policy adjustments, implementing more proactive fiscal policies, and adopting moderately loose monetary policies [1] - The economy has shown signs of recovery this year, particularly in foreign trade, which has maintained strong resilience [1] Group 3: Future Measures - The government is preparing to introduce measures to stabilize employment and the economy, while also researching new policy tools, including unconventional measures, to be deployed as needed based on changing circumstances [1] - There is confidence in the ability to sustain positive economic momentum [1]

Core Viewpoint - Domestic demand is becoming the main driver of economic growth in China amidst external uncertainties, but there is a notable decline in fiscal revenue, necessitating more effective allocation of limited fiscal resources [2][8]. Fiscal Policy and Investment - China has implemented active fiscal policies for nearly two decades, but the effectiveness is diminishing, indicating a potential shift towards consumption-driven growth [2][5]. - Government investment and consumption should work in tandem, with a focus on local government spending, which has been growing at a slower rate compared to central government spending [2][5][7]. - Local government spending accounts for 86% of the general public budget, highlighting the need for structural reforms to enhance fiscal policy effectiveness [6][7]. Infrastructure and Investment Projects - China's infrastructure development is significant, with the country holding two-thirds of the world's total infrastructure mileage, including 45% of global highways and over 60% of 5G base stations [3]. - Some investment projects, particularly in the central and western regions, are struggling to break even due to low passenger traffic, making them less viable under current fiscal constraints [4]. Consumption and Economic Growth - Recent government reports emphasize the importance of consumption alongside investment, as both are essential for expanding domestic demand [5]. - Investment and consumption should be viewed as interrelated, with government investment potentially stimulating private investment and consumption [5][10]. Fiscal Policy Effectiveness - Current economic conditions suggest that fiscal policy may be more effective than monetary policy in stimulating growth, especially given low inflation and the limited scope for interest rate cuts [9]. - There is potential for fiscal measures to enhance investment and consumption confidence, with suggestions for establishing a blacklist system to prevent inefficient investments [10]. Challenges and Recommendations - The fiscal landscape is characterized by several inequalities, such as local government expenditures exceeding national fiscal revenues, which complicates macroeconomic management [6]. - To stimulate demand, it is recommended to implement policies that can quickly boost consumption, such as infrastructure investments and social welfare programs [10].

Group 1 - The recent financial policy package includes 10 monetary policy measures aimed at stabilizing the market and expectations through a combination of tools, reflecting a moderately loose monetary policy stance to support employment, businesses, and market stability [1][2] - The measures include targeted reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts for large and medium-sized banks, as well as for auto finance and leasing companies, alongside interest rate reductions for policy rates and housing provident fund loans [2][3] - Structural monetary policy tools have been innovatively enhanced, with a comprehensive reduction in interest rates for various structural monetary policy tools, which will incentivize banks to increase credit to key strategic areas and weak links [3] Group 2 - New policy tools such as loans for service consumption and elderly care have been established to encourage financial institutions to support sectors like accommodation, dining, entertainment, and the elderly care industry, thereby stimulating service consumption and enhancing the pension market [3] - The structural monetary policy tools, with a balance of 5.9 trillion yuan, have become a significant channel for basic currency supply, reinforcing the policy incentives for commercial banks [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Central Political Bureau emphasizes the implementation of an active fiscal policy to stabilize the economy, with increased spending planned for 2025 to support long-term economic development [1] Fiscal Policy and Economic Support - The Ministry of Finance plans to increase the fiscal deficit to 5.66 trillion yuan in 2025, aiming to boost economic growth [1] - Special local government bonds and ultra-long-term special treasury bonds will be issued rapidly to support infrastructure construction in transportation and energy sectors, promoting consumption growth [1] - Tax and fee reduction policies are designed to assist technological innovation and manufacturing development, with a reported reduction of 424.1 billion yuan in the first quarter of this year, significantly boosting sales growth in high-tech industries [1] Local Government Support - The central government's transfer payments to local governments will increase by 8.4%, enhancing local fiscal capacity and reinforcing support for livelihoods and employment [1] - This initiative aims to contribute to high-quality economic development [1] Economic Flexibility - The chief economist of Guohai Securities, Xia Lei, indicates that there is still room for macroeconomic policy adjustments, with the central government having significant borrowing capacity [1] - The government plans to flexibly adjust policies based on changing circumstances, fully leveraging fiscal counter-cyclical regulation to solidify the fundamentals of economic development and social stability [1]

Core Insights - The Ministry of Finance reported that in the first four months of this year, the national general public budget expenditure reached 93,581 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 4.6% and completing 31.5% of the budget, marking the fastest expenditure progress for the same period since 2020 [1] Expenditure Analysis - The increase in expenditure is attributed to the implementation of a more proactive fiscal policy by various levels of financial departments, which has intensified spending and optimized expenditure structure [1] - There is a notable focus on improving people's livelihoods, promoting consumption, and enhancing future economic momentum, with key areas of expenditure being well-supported [1]