报告摘要 第一， 4 月狭义财政收支仍然分化，但趋势有所弥合，主要源自税收收入的改善。 4 月一般公共预算收入同比增速上行至 1.9% ，其中税收收入同比显著提升 4.1 个百分点至 1.9% ，为今年以来首次由负转正，与同期经济表现相吻合。不过今年前 4 个月税收累计同比为 -2.1% ，降幅较一季度缩窄但尚未转正；其中企业所得 税累计同比为 -3.1% ，低 PPI 是拖累因素之一。 广 发证券资 深宏观分析师 吴棋滢 wuqiying@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 第二， 支出方面呈更加积极的特征，受普通国债发行前置和税收好转的带动，狭义财政支出增速进一步走高， 4 月当月同比 5.8% ， 1-4 月累计同比 4.6% ，已超 全年支出目标增速 4.4% ； 1-4 月狭义财政支出进度 31.5% ，为近年来仅次于 2019 年的次高水平。从 4 月当月主要带动项来看，有稳定微观主体的支出，比如社 保就业、教育等；也有主动形成投资、带动增长动能的支出，比如交通运输。 第三， 再广义财政收入端， 4 月政府性基金收入增速也是今年以来首次同比由负转正。从土地高频数据来看这一情况属于预期之中。 1- ...

Core Insights - The overall fiscal revenue and expenditure for the first four months of 2025 show a mixed trend, with total public budget revenue at 80,616 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.4%, while total expenditure reached 93,581 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6% [1][4] Revenue Analysis - Tax revenue for the first four months was 65,556 billion yuan, down 2.1% year-on-year, while non-tax revenue increased by 7.7% to 15,060 billion yuan [2] - Central government budget revenue was 33,928 billion yuan, a decline of 3.8%, while local government revenue rose by 2.2% to 46,688 billion yuan [2] - The completion rate of public fiscal revenue for the first four months was 36.7%, higher than the same period in 2024 and in line with the five-year average [2] Tax Revenue Breakdown - Domestic value-added tax and consumption tax both grew by 1.8%, while corporate income tax fell by 3.1% and personal income tax rose by 7.4% [2][3] - Real estate-related taxes showed mixed results, with deed tax down 15.7% and property tax up 11.2% [2][3] Expenditure Analysis - Total public budget expenditure for the first four months was 93,581 billion yuan, with central government expenditure at 12,282 billion yuan (up 9%) and local government expenditure at 81,299 billion yuan (up 3.9%) [4] - Key expenditure areas included social security and employment (up 8.5%), education (up 7.4%), and health (up 3.9%), while spending on urban and rural communities and agriculture showed a decline [4] Fiscal Policy Outlook - The fiscal deficit target for the year is set at around 4%, allowing for flexibility in future policy adjustments [3] - The issuance of special bonds and long-term special treasury bonds is expected to support infrastructure spending, with a significant amount of local special bonds pending issuance [5]

从财政收入看，1—4月全国一般公共预算收入80616亿元，同比下降0.4%，降幅比一季度收窄0.7个百分点。分 中央和地方看，中央一般公共预算收入下降3.8%，降幅比一季度收窄1.9个百分点，其中4月份增长1.6%，今年 以来首月实现正增长；地方一般公共预算收入增长2.2%，增幅与一季度持平。 从收入来源看，1—4月全国税收收入65556亿元，同比下降2.1%，降幅比一季度收窄1.4个百分点，其中4月税 收收入同比增长1.9%，今年以来月度增幅首次由负转正；全国非税收入15060亿元，同比增长7.7%，主要是多 渠道盘活资产等带动。 广发证券宏观分析师吴棋滢指出，2025年一般公共预算收入目标同比增速仅有0.1%，全年实现收入目标难度 不大。但在结构上，目前财政收入增幅仍依赖于非税收入带动。 财政部5月20日公布的2025年1—4月财政收支数据显示，在国际环境更趋复杂严峻，外部冲击影响加大的背 景下，1—4月全国公共财政收入累计降幅继续收窄，公共财政支出进度达到2020年以来同期最快；4月全国 税收收入同比增长1.9%，为今年以来月度增幅首次由负转正。 校对： 刘榕枝 百万用户都在看 在主要税收收入项目中，1 ...

Revenue and Expenditure Trends - In March, national public budget revenue was 16,333 billion yuan, while expenditure was 27,719 billion yuan[2] - March fiscal revenue showed a slight recovery with a growth of +0.25%, but Q1 revenue was still down 1.1% year-on-year[3] - Tax revenue decreased by 2.2% in March, with a cumulative decline of 3.5% in Q1, falling short of the annual target of +3.7%[3] Fiscal Policy and Spending - Public fiscal expenditure in March grew by 5.7% year-on-year, with Q1 expenditure growth at 4.2%, slightly above the annual budget target of 4%[4] - The expenditure progress for Q1 was approximately 24.5% of the annual target, consistent with 2024 levels[4] - Social security and education expenditures increased by 9% and 8% respectively in March, while technology spending decreased by 4.8%[4] Government Fund and Debt Issuance - Government fund revenue in March was 2,866 billion yuan, down 12%, with land transfer revenue declining by 16.5%[4] - Government fund expenditure in March was 8,411 billion yuan, a significant increase of 28% year-on-year[4] - A total of 9,603 billion yuan in special bonds were issued in Q1, with issuance pace faster than in 2024 but slower than in 2022 and 2023[4] Future Outlook and Risks - The need for accelerated fiscal spending is emphasized due to potential tariff impacts and economic uncertainties[5] - Expected measures include increased consumer support and tax refunds for export enterprises[5] - Risks include potential economic downturns and insufficient policy execution[5]

2025 年 03 月 25 日 狭义财政支出更"用力" 宏观研究团队 宏 观 研 究 宏 观 经 济 点 评 开 源 证 券 证 券 研 究 报 相关研究报告 总体看，年度预算草案中预计全年税收收入增长 3.7%，前两月暂时未达到目标， 尽管个税在低基数下大幅抬升，但多数税种持平或负增；好的方面是，非税收 入退坡初步得到验证，若后续经济回升的动能增强，税收收入有望稳步改善。 2、1-2 月财政支出强度高于季节性水平。1-2 月公共财政支出 45096 亿元，同比 《基建开工仍处于历史同期低位—宏 观周报》-2025.3.23 《美联储强调不确定性，降息或将更 加灵活—3 月 FOMC 会议点评》 -2025.3.20 《生育补贴的经济账：从促生育到稳 增长—兼评 2 月经济数据》-2025.3.18 ——宏观经济点评 何宁（分析师） 沈美辰（分析师） hening@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790522110002 shenmeichen@kysec.cn 证书编号：S0790524110002 事件：1-2 月，全国一般公共预算收入 43856 亿元，全国一般公共预算支出 45096 亿元。政府性基 ...