Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of ideological construction as a fundamental aspect of the Party's comprehensive strict governance [1][7] - The advanced nature of Marxist parties is rooted in their theoretical superiority, which is guided by scientific theories such as Marxism [2][4] - The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) demonstrates strong practical capabilities under the guidance of advanced ideological theories, maintaining a focus on the people's interests [3][5] Group 2 - The CCP has consistently prioritized ideological construction and theoretical strengthening since its establishment, which has been crucial for its historical mission [5][6] - Xi Jinping highlights that the Party's emphasis on ideological construction and theoretical strengthening has been a key reason for its resilience and growth [7][8] - The establishment of a solid theoretical foundation is essential for the comprehensive strict governance of the Party, serving as a support for its various constructions [8][9] Group 3 - The scientific theories provide a value orientation and methodological foundation for the comprehensive strict governance of the Party, emphasizing a people-centered approach [9][10] - The integration of dialectical materialism and historical materialism into the Party's construction efforts is vital for addressing current challenges and ensuring long-term effectiveness [10]

王公龙正在给学员上课。 王公龙（左一）与马克思主义学院教师集体备课。 以上图片均为受访者提供 上海洋山深水港。 王潇珩摄（影像中国） "党校教学要有5层境界：第一层是品德，弘扬正能量，提振精气神；之后依次是信息、知识、思考、方 法。" "一堂高品质理论课，结尾应该收在科学方法，对当下现实有指导性。" ………… 近日，在一堂面向上海党校（行政学院）系统青年教师的教学竞赛培训班上，上海市委党校（上海行政 学院）马克思主义学院院长、教授王公龙将20多年来讲授理论课的经验与心得娓娓道来。 "对我而言，马克思主义是信仰，也是方法。"王公龙说。 因为是信仰，所以"确信自己所做的是正确的事，有一种价值感"；因为是方法，所以"能够在快速变化 的世界里把握自己的人生，有一种确定感"。 从事党校教学27年，王公龙一直孜孜以求的，就是把这份真理的甘甜味，让前来听课的干部学员领悟 到，让更多人感受到。 "做有信仰的人，讲课才有人信" 时隔多年，王公龙仍对刚上讲台时的忐忑记忆犹新。 "最怕学员提问，一提问就紧张，那种场景有时甚至会出现在梦中。"那时候，王公龙讲《共产党宣 言》，学员评分并不理想。 怎么办？研读原著。"必须把《共产党宣言 ...

Core Viewpoint - The articles collectively highlight the life and contributions of Cai Hesen, emphasizing his role in the Chinese Communist Party's formation and his unwavering commitment to revolutionary ideals, culminating in his martyrdom for the cause [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Group 1: Early Life and Education - Cai Hesen was born in 1895 in Shanghai and faced financial hardships, leading him to work as an apprentice while pursuing education [2]. - He attended Hunan First Normal School, where he formed significant relationships with progressive peers, including Mao Zedong [2]. Group 2: Political Involvement and Ideology - In 1918, Cai Hesen co-founded the New People's Study Society, promoting social reform and academic innovation [2]. - He was influenced by the October Revolution and sought to establish a revolutionary party in China, advocating for the formation of the Communist Party [3][4]. Group 3: Contributions to Marxism in China - While in France, Cai Hesen translated key Marxist texts and emphasized the importance of revolutionary theory for the Communist Party's success [3][4]. - He proposed the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, outlining its role as a vanguard in the revolutionary movement [4]. Group 4: Sacrifice and Legacy - In 1931, Cai Hesen was arrested while working in Hong Kong and endured severe torture without betraying party secrets, ultimately sacrificing his life for the revolution at the age of 36 [5][6]. - His legacy is honored in the Cai Hesen Memorial Hall, which showcases his contributions and those of his family to the revolutionary cause [7][8].

Group 1 - Alasdair MacIntyre, a renowned ethicist and political philosopher, recently passed away, leaving behind a significant academic legacy [1][3] - MacIntyre is best known as a communitarian, but this label oversimplifies the complexity and depth of his thought [5] - His early academic focus was on Marxism, attempting to argue for its compatibility with Christianity, but he later shifted towards a Thomistic Aristotelianism [5][7] Group 2 - In "After Virtue," MacIntyre discusses the disarray of contemporary moral language, which he believes is a result of the fragmentation of traditional and modern moral discourses [7][8] - He critiques modern moral philosophers, arguing that their attempts to derive moral rules from human nature have failed due to a lack of teleological understanding [9][10] - MacIntyre posits that the moral debate of today can be simplified to a choice between Nietzsche and Aristotle, advocating for the reconstruction of Aristotelian ethics [10][13] Group 3 - MacIntyre emphasizes the importance of "practices" in his ethical framework, which are defined as complex cooperative human activities that aim for excellence [10][13] - He argues that internal goods can only be obtained through participation in specific practices, contrasting them with external goods that can be acquired through various means [13][14] - The pursuit of a good life is influenced by one's social identity and historical context, which shapes moral expectations and obligations [14][17] Group 4 - MacIntyre rejects the strict separation of history and philosophy, asserting that moral philosophy must be contextualized within specific social histories [17][18] - He believes that while there are no eternal standards to judge moral theories, his proposed framework is the best available, as it integrates insights from various moral theories while addressing their limitations [17][18]

Core Viewpoint - The essence of party character and discipline is crucial for the establishment and development of a strong proletarian party, as emphasized by Marx and Engels [1][2][4][5] Group 1: Party Character and Discipline - Marx and Engels highlighted the importance of strong party character and discipline for the success of the proletarian party, asserting that it is essential for maintaining unity and effectiveness [1][2] - The "Communist League" charter established strict requirements for members, emphasizing that their lifestyle and activities must align with the league's goals [2] - The International Workers' Association, founded in 1864, mandated that each branch be responsible for the quality and integrity of its members [2] Group 2: Advanced Nature of the Proletarian Party - The advanced nature of the proletarian party is rooted in its solid class foundation and broad mass base, which must achieve a unity of internal self-awareness and external norms [2] - Marx and Engels criticized the presence of opportunism and superficiality within socialist movements, advocating for the maintenance of ideological purity and unity [3] Group 3: Historical Context and Lessons - The Chinese Communist Party has adopted Marxism as its foundational ideology, emphasizing strong party character and discipline as key to its historical achievements [4] - Xi Jinping stressed that issues of style are fundamentally issues of party character, advocating for a return to core values and moral cultivation among party members [5]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of practical research and investigation in developing and understanding socialist theory, as highlighted by Marx and Engels [1][2][3] - Marx and Engels conducted extensive field research in England, focusing on the economic conditions and the status of the working class, which informed their theoretical developments [2][3] - The methodology of combining theoretical analysis with empirical data collection is crucial for forming a robust understanding of social movements and economic realities [3][4] Group 2 - The significance of investigation and research as foundational practices in the development of Marxist theory is noted, paralleling its importance in the early Chinese Communist Party [4] - The emphasis on practical research is reiterated by contemporary leaders, stressing its necessity for effective decision-making and problem-solving in modern governance [5]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the necessity of adhering to Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology in building a strong socialist cultural nation, aligning with the strategic goal of becoming a cultural power by 2035 [2][4] - The importance of mainstream ideology construction is highlighted as a crucial aspect of modern national governance, with the stability of a regime often beginning in the ideological realm [3][4] - The Party's commitment to establishing Marxism's guiding position in the ideological field is recognized as a significant institutional innovation that impacts the long-term development of the Party and the nation [4][5] Group 2 - The article discusses the challenges posed by diverse ideological perspectives among youth, emphasizing the need for a dominant guiding ideology amidst the plurality of thoughts [6] - It asserts that the mainstream ideology in a socialist state is determined by the dominant ownership relations, reinforcing Marxism's guiding role in the ideological field [6] - The advanced nature of the Communist Party's ideology is underscored, with a focus on the necessity of theoretical strength to navigate contemporary challenges and achieve strategic goals [9][10] Group 3 - The article stresses the importance of implementing an ideological responsibility system, which reflects the Party's comprehensive leadership over ideological work [10][11] - It highlights the role of universities as frontline positions in ideological work, where mainstream values must take root to prevent the spread of non-mainstream ideologies [11] - The need for a dual approach of establishing and breaking down erroneous thoughts is emphasized, advocating for the promotion of Marxism while addressing various ideological challenges [12][13]

Group 1 - The core idea of Marxism is to serve as a guide for action rather than a dogmatic formula, emphasizing the need for its principles to be adapted to specific historical contexts [1][2] - Marx and Engels warned against the mechanical application of Marxist theory, advocating for a creative combination of fundamental principles with local realities to address unique social contradictions [1][2] - The challenges faced by Marxism in the late 19th century included misinterpretations by bourgeois scholars and opportunistic factions within the German Social Democratic Party, which distorted the materialist conception of history [2][3] Group 2 - The Social Democratic Alliance in Britain struggled due to leadership's inability to move beyond dogmatism, which hindered the effective application of socialist theory in practice [3] - Marx and Engels identified themselves as "practicing materialists," emphasizing the importance of engaging in local labor struggles to ensure that socialist theory remains relevant and dynamic [3][4] - The adaptability of Marxism to contemporary issues and its evolution in response to new challenges is crucial for its enduring relevance, as demonstrated by its impact on China and the ongoing development of Marxist theory [4]