2025.08. 30 本文字数：1137，阅读时长大约2分钟 作者 | 第一财经 亓宁 8月29日，国有大行2025年期中答卷集体出炉，各行于当日下午密集举行了中期业绩说明会。 银行息差压力和未来趋势仍是市场最关注的话题之一。从各大行财报表现来看，上半年净息差整体延 续下降态势，但降幅已有边际收窄信号。 以农业银行（601288.SH；01288.HK）为例，该行今年上半年净息差为1.32%，净利差为1.20%， 同比分别下降13BP（基点）和10BP，降幅同比明显收窄。数据显示，今年一季度，该行净息差为 1.34%，同比下降10BP；去年上半年，该行净息差为1.45%，同比下降21BP。 该行称，净息差及净利差同比下降主要是受银行支持实体经济发展、LPR（贷款市场报价利率）下 调等影响，生息资产收益率下降。对于净息差降幅收窄，该行副董事长、执行董事、行长王志恒在业 绩会上表示，这一方面得益于资产端生息资产规模增长、结构优化，使得人民币新发放贷款利率保持 在可比同业的较优水平，减缓了贷款收息率的下降；另一方面，该行在负债端积极落实相关政策要 求，包括在存款利率市场化调整机制下推动存款利率下调、落实非银同业存 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese banking sector is experiencing structural adjustments and transformation opportunities, with a notable divergence in performance among different types of banks [3][9] Group 1: Overall Performance - In the first half of 2025, 42 A-share listed banks achieved a total operating income of 2.92 trillion yuan and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.1 trillion yuan, with over 60% of banks reporting both revenue and profit growth [3] - The four major state-owned banks (ICBC, CCB, ABC, and BOC) maintained strong performance, each surpassing 300 billion yuan in operating income and 100 billion yuan in net profit [4] Group 2: Major Banks' Performance - ICBC led with an operating income of 427.09 billion yuan and a net profit of 168.10 billion yuan, while CCB, ABC, and BOC followed with revenues of 394.27 billion yuan, 369.94 billion yuan, and 329.00 billion yuan respectively [4] - BOC recorded the fastest revenue growth among the four major banks at 3.76%, with a net profit increase of 3.49% [4] Group 3: Performance of Joint-Stock Banks - China Merchants Bank achieved an operating income of 169.97 billion yuan, becoming the only joint-stock bank in the top tier, despite a slight revenue decline of 1.72% [5] - Other joint-stock banks like Bank of Communications and Industrial Bank also performed well, with revenues exceeding 100 billion yuan and net profits of 46.02 billion yuan and 43.14 billion yuan respectively [5] Group 4: Regional Banks' Challenges - Some regional banks faced significant operational pressures, with six institutions, including Ping An Bank and Huaxia Bank, experiencing declines in both operating income and net profit [6] - Ping An Bank's revenue fell by 10% and net profit by 3.9%, while Guiyang Bank's revenue dropped by 12.22% and net profit by 7.2% due to market fluctuations [6] Group 5: Net Interest Margin Trends - The net interest margin (NIM) showed significant divergence, with 40 out of 42 listed banks experiencing a decrease, ranging from 1 to 34 basis points [7] - Notably, Xian Bank and Minsheng Bank reported increases in NIM, with Xian Bank's NIM rising by 49 basis points to 1.91% [8] Group 6: Future Outlook - The banking sector is adapting to a low-interest-rate environment, with banks like Xian Bank and Minsheng Bank demonstrating that optimizing asset-liability structures and enhancing pricing capabilities can lead to growth [9] - The overall resilience of the banking sector is evident, with major banks leveraging their scale and diversified services to maintain profitability amid challenges [9]

Core Viewpoint - Zhejiang Zheshang Bank's Q2 2025 revenue and profit figures showed a decline, with revenue down 4.3% year-on-year and profit down 17.6%, indicating challenges in asset impairment losses and rising operating expenses [1][2] Financial Performance - Q2 2025 revenue decreased by 4.3% year-on-year, with a 5.8% decline in H1 2025 revenue [1] - Q2 2025 profit fell by 17.6% year-on-year, with a 4.2% decline in overall profit for H1 2025 [1] - The company's net interest margin decreased by 2 basis points to 1.69% in H1 2025, with a year-on-year decline of 13 basis points [1] - Loan and deposit growth for H1 2025 was 4.2% and 6.6% respectively, with the loan-to-deposit ratio dropping to 91% [1] Non-Interest Income and Market Recovery - Non-interest income in Q2 2025 grew by 0.6% year-on-year, marking a positive turnaround, although H1 2025 non-interest income fell by 12.3% [1] - Other non-interest income in Q2 2025 increased by 8.7%, while overall non-interest income for H1 2025 decreased by 10.7% [1] Asset Quality and Risk Metrics - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio improved, decreasing by 8 basis points to 1.36% by the end of Q2 2025 [2] - The net NPL generation rate for H1 2025 significantly decreased by 30 basis points to 1.52% [2] - The provision coverage ratio slightly decreased by 1.5 percentage points to 169.8% in Q2 2025 [2] Profit Forecast and Valuation - The profit forecasts for 2025 and 2026 remain unchanged, with current A-shares trading at 0.5x and 0.4x price-to-book ratios for 2025 and 2026 respectively [2] - The target price for A-shares is set at 3.55 CNY, indicating an 8.6% upside potential from the current price [2] - The target price for H-shares is set at 3.01 HKD, indicating an 8.3% upside potential from the current price [2]

Core Viewpoint - The six major state-owned banks in China reported mixed performance in their 2025 mid-year results, with a total net profit of 682.5 billion yuan, reflecting stable asset quality despite challenges in net interest margin [1][3]. Financial Performance - The total operating income of the six banks reached 1.833 trillion yuan, with all banks showing year-on-year growth in operating income [3]. - Individual bank performances include: - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China: Operating income of 427.09 billion yuan, net profit of 168.10 billion yuan [1][3]. - Agricultural Bank of China: Operating income of 369.94 billion yuan, net profit of 139.51 billion yuan [1][3]. - Bank of China: Operating income of 329.00 billion yuan, net profit of 117.59 billion yuan [1][3]. - China Construction Bank: Operating income of 394.27 billion yuan, net profit of 162.08 billion yuan [1][3]. - Bank of Communications: Operating income of 133.37 billion yuan, net profit of 46.02 billion yuan [1][3]. - Postal Savings Bank: Operating income of 179.45 billion yuan, net profit of 49.23 billion yuan [1][3]. - The Agricultural Bank of China showed the highest growth in net profit at 2.66% year-on-year, while the other three banks experienced declines [3]. Net Interest Margin Outlook - Banks are implementing strategies to stabilize net interest margins, with expectations of a continued decline but at a reduced rate [2][4]. - Management from various banks indicated that proactive measures are being taken to adapt to interest rate changes and broaden non-interest income sources [3][4]. Dividend Plans - All six banks announced mid-term dividend plans despite varying performance results: - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China plans to distribute 1.414 yuan per 10 shares, totaling approximately 50.40 billion yuan [4][5]. - Agricultural Bank of China plans to distribute 1.195 yuan per 10 shares, totaling about 41.82 billion yuan [5]. - Bank of China plans to distribute 1.094 yuan per 10 shares, totaling around 35.25 billion yuan [5]. - China Construction Bank plans a mid-term dividend of approximately 48.61 billion yuan [5]. Asset Quality and Risk Management - The asset quality of the six banks remains stable, with non-performing loan ratios showing slight improvements or stability [5]. - Non-performing loan ratios as of June 30 are as follows: - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China: 1.33% - Agricultural Bank of China: 1.28% - Bank of China: 1.24% - China Construction Bank: 1.33% - Bank of Communications: 1.28% - Postal Savings Bank: 0.92% [5]. Strategic Focus Areas - The banks are focusing on five key areas: technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, to enhance service to the real economy [6][7]. - For instance, China Construction Bank reported a technology loan balance of 5.15 trillion yuan, growing by 16.81% year-on-year [6]. - Agricultural Bank of China reported a green loan balance of 5.72 trillion yuan, with significant new issuances in green financial products [7].

守住净利息收入是战略安排 智通财经记者 | 安震 中国银行行长张辉谈到净息差走势时对智通财经表示，商业银行净息差指标一直备受各方关注。近年 来，境内银行业净息差普遍大幅收窄，中行净息差表现与全行业变化趋势大致相当。从上半年整体看， 集团净息差1.26%，较上年下降14BP，较一季度下降3BP。其中，境内人民币净息差（1.32%）较上年 下降12BP，较一季度下降2BP。 8月29日，中国银行召开2025年中期业绩发布会，中国银行管理层就净息差、资产质量、支持科技创新 等热点问题回应关切。 中报显示，该行上半年实现营业收入3294亿元，同比增长3.61%，其中手续费净收入同比增长9.17%； 实现税后利润1261亿元、该行股东应享税后利润1176亿元，同比保持平稳且变动趋势较一季度改善。 一是加大资产投放力度，提升资金使用效率。信贷投放保持平稳均衡增长，境内机构人民币贷款较年初 新增1.41万亿元，比上年同期多增超2000亿元。把握境内外市场机会，加大债券投资力度。债券投资在 生息资产中的占比同比提升2.4个百分点。 二是持续优化负债结构，有效降低负债成本。低成本客户存款规模，市场竞争力连续三年保持提升。合 理 ...

Core Viewpoint - The six major state-owned banks in China reported a total net profit of 682.5 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, with asset quality showing improvement. The banks are expected to stabilize net interest margin (NIM) in the second half of the year, despite anticipated declines [1][2]. Financial Performance - The six banks achieved a combined operating income exceeding 1.8 trillion yuan, with individual contributions as follows: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (427.09 billion yuan), Agricultural Bank of China (369.94 billion yuan), Bank of China (329.00 billion yuan), China Construction Bank (394.27 billion yuan), Bank of Communications (133.37 billion yuan), and Postal Savings Bank of China (179.45 billion yuan) [2]. - Net profit figures for the banks were as follows: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (168.10 billion yuan), Agricultural Bank of China (139.51 billion yuan), Bank of China (117.59 billion yuan), China Construction Bank (162.08 billion yuan), Bank of Communications (46.02 billion yuan), and Postal Savings Bank of China (49.23 billion yuan). Agricultural Bank of China showed a net profit growth of 2.66% year-on-year [2]. Interest Margin Management - Banks are facing pressure on net interest margins due to a low interest rate environment. Management teams are implementing strategies to stabilize interest income and expand non-interest income sources [2]. - The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China reported a sustainable reduction in NIM decline, attributed to improved asset-liability management and adjustments in deposit rates [3]. - China Construction Bank anticipates continued downward pressure on NIM but expects the rate of decline to narrow due to changes in monetary policy and interest rate transmission mechanisms [3]. Dividend Plans - All six banks announced mid-term dividend plans, with specific proposals including: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1.414 yuan per 10 shares), Agricultural Bank of China (1.195 yuan per 10 shares), and Bank of China (1.094 yuan per 10 shares) [3][4]. Asset Quality - The asset quality of the six banks remains stable, with non-performing loan (NPL) ratios as of June 30 being: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1.33%), Agricultural Bank of China (1.28%), Bank of China (1.24%), China Construction Bank (1.33%), Bank of Communications (1.28%), and Postal Savings Bank of China (0.92%) [4]. Focus Areas - The banks are concentrating on five key areas: technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, to enhance service to the real economy [5]. - China Construction Bank reported a technology loan balance of 5.15 trillion yuan, growing by 16.81% year-on-year, while Bank of China reported a technology loan balance of 4.59 trillion yuan, with over 160,000 credit accounts for technology enterprises [5][6]. - Agricultural Bank of China has strengthened its green finance capabilities, with a green loan balance of 5.72 trillion yuan and significant issuance of green financial bonds [6].

Core Viewpoint - The six major banks in China reported a total net profit of approximately 682.5 billion yuan for the first half of the year, with all banks showing year-on-year revenue growth, although some experienced "revenue growth without profit growth" [1][2]. Financial Performance - The six major banks' operating income grew year-on-year by 1.6%, 0.8%, 3.76%, 2.15%, 0.77%, and 1.50% respectively [2]. - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Bank (CB), and China Construction Bank (CCB) reported slight declines in net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.4%, 0.85%, and 1.37% respectively, while Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), Bank of Communications (BoCom), and Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) saw net profit increases of 2.7%, 1.61%, and 0.85% respectively [2]. Net Interest Margin - The net interest margin (NIM) continued to narrow across the six banks, impacting net interest income [2]. - ICBC attributed the NIM contraction to factors such as the reduction in loan market quotation rates (LPR) and changes in deposit term structures, although the pace of decline has shown signs of stabilization [2]. Non-Interest Income - Non-interest income became a significant growth driver for the banks, with increases in investment income, asset management, investment banking, and wealth management services [3]. - Non-interest income accounted for over 30% of the operating income for some banks, helping to mitigate the impact of interest rate cuts [3]. Financial Support for Key Sectors - The six banks have optimized financial support for key sectors such as technology innovation, consumption stimulation, and small and micro enterprises [4]. - ICBC reported over 10% growth in loans for manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, and green finance [4]. - ABC's county-level loans reached 10.77 trillion yuan, with a growth rate of 9.3%, exceeding the bank's average [4]. Asset Quality and Capital Adequacy - The asset quality of the six banks remained stable, with non-performing loan (NPL) ratios of 1.33%, 1.28%, 1.24%, 1.33%, 1.28%, and 0.92% respectively [5]. - The core tier one capital adequacy ratios were reported as 13.89%, 11.11%, 12.57%, 14.34%, 11.42%, and 10.52% respectively, indicating a solid capital position [5]. Dividend Plans - The six banks announced a substantial mid-term dividend plan totaling approximately 204.65 billion yuan for 2025 [6]. - Specific proposed dividend amounts include 50.40 billion yuan for ICBC, 41.82 billion yuan for ABC, 35.25 billion yuan for CB, 48.61 billion yuan for CCB, 13.81 billion yuan for BoCom, and 14.77 billion yuan for PSBC [6].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 A-share banking mid-year report reveals significant profit differentiation among banks, with some city commercial banks achieving double-digit profit growth while others face negative growth due to narrowing interest margins and market volatility [1] Group 1: Profit Growth of City Commercial Banks - City commercial banks have emerged as the main contributors to profit growth among listed banks in the first half of 2025, with Hangzhou Bank reporting a net profit of 11.662 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.66% [2] - Factors contributing to the rapid profit growth of city commercial banks include stable asset scale growth, continuous optimization of asset-liability structure, and a recovery in fee and commission income driven by low base and wealth management growth [2][3] - Other city commercial banks such as Jiangyin Bank, Qilu Bank, and Qingdao Bank reported net profit growth rates of 16.63%, 16.48%, and 16.05% respectively [2] Group 2: Challenges Faced by Some Banks - In contrast, some banks like Guiyang Bank experienced negative profit growth, with a net profit of 2.474 billion yuan, a decrease of 7.20% year-on-year, attributed to declining interest income and weaker bond market performance [4] - The differentiation in profit performance among banks is largely due to variations in customer base, financing capabilities, risk preferences, and asset quality [4] Group 3: Interest Income and Margin Trends - The net interest margin for commercial banks narrowed to 1.42% in the first half of 2025, reflecting ongoing pressure on interest margins [7] - Strategies to manage interest margins include increasing the proportion of low-cost deposits and optimizing asset-liability management to improve net interest income [8][9] Group 4: Non-Interest Income and Business Diversification - Expanding non-interest income is seen as a crucial strategy for banks to mitigate the impact of declining interest margins, with a focus on enhancing middle business services such as custody, agency sales, and settlement [9] - Currently, non-interest income accounts for less than 30% of major listed banks in China, which is significantly lower than that of large international banks [9]

Core Viewpoint - Postal Savings Bank of China (601658.SH) reported a net profit of 49.228 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 0.85%, with operating income reaching 179.446 billion yuan, up 1.50% year-on-year [1][2] Financial Performance - The bank's non-interest income showed significant growth, with intermediary business income increasing by 11.59% to 16.918 billion yuan, and other non-interest income rising by 25.16% to 23.470 billion yuan, both achieving double-digit growth [1] - The board proposed a cash dividend of 1.230 yuan per 10 shares for the 2025 interim period [1] Asset and Liability Management - As of the reporting period, total assets exceeded 18 trillion yuan, reaching 18.19 trillion yuan, while total liabilities surpassed 17 trillion yuan at 17.05 trillion yuan, marking new milestones for both [2] - The bank's loan portfolio increased by 622.982 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1,131.13 billion yuan, with retail loans growing by 1.86% and corporate loans rising by 14.83% [2] - Total deposits surpassed 16 trillion yuan, reaching 16.11 trillion yuan, with a growth rate of 5.37%, and corporate deposits increased by 229.623 billion yuan, up 13.86% [2] Interest Rate and Profitability - The bank maintained a net interest margin of 1.70%, continuing to lead the industry, while the deposit interest rate was reduced by 21 basis points to 1.23% [2]

邮储银行以1794.46亿元的营收和492.28亿元的归母净利润位列上市银行业绩榜第五。 招商银行凭借1699.69亿元的营收成绩，超越交通银行的1333.68亿元，跻身A股上市银行前六，成为唯 一进入营收第一梯队的股份制银行。尽管招商银行营收同比微降1.72%，但其归母净利润仍较去年同期 实现1.87亿元的增长，同比增幅0.25%。交通银行则以1333.68亿元营收、460.16亿元归母净利润位列第 七。另外，兴业银行、中信银行上半年营业收入也均超过千亿元，归母净利润分别为431.41亿元和 364.78亿元。 据北京商报记者统计，42家A股上市银行中，有26家在上半年实现了营收和净利润的双双正增长，占比 超过六成，但也有部分机构呈现双降。数据显示，平安银行、华夏银行、浙商银行、贵阳银行、厦门银 行、光大银行6家机构上半年出现营业收入与归母净利润"双降"。其中，受市场利率下行、贷款业务结 构调整等因素影响，平安银行营收693.85亿元，同比下降10%，归母净利润248.7亿元，同比下降3.9%； 贵阳银行营收表现相对承压，营收65.01亿元，同比下降12.22%，归母净利润24.74亿元，同比下降 7.2% ...