欧盟碳边境调节机制（CBAM）是全球首个碳边境关税，目前针对钢铁、铝、水泥和化肥等进口产品的 二氧化碳排放量征税。 据欧盟委员会定于周三发布的提案草案显示，欧盟将扩大碳边境税的征收范围，将汽车零部件和洗衣机 纳入征税清单。碳边境税是针对高排放进口产品征收的一项费用。 该提案还致力于堵住欧盟委员会担忧的潜在漏洞，这些漏洞可能被外国企业利用以逃避缴费。目前碳边 境税处于试点阶段，将于明年 1 月正式开始征收。 欧盟严防政策规避行为 尽管面临诸多反对意见，但路透社于周二获取的欧盟法律提案草案显示，欧盟将加大碳边境税的实施力 度：把征收范围扩大至那些大量使用钢铁和铝的下游产品，包括建筑产品、电网部件以及机械设备等。 碳边境调节机制将于 2026 年起，要求进口商为其进口产品的相关排放量缴税，但企业可延迟至 2027 年 9 月前，通过购买并向欧盟上缴碳边境税凭证来履行合规义务。 自布鲁塞尔方面于 2021 年宣布开征碳边境税以来，中国、印度和巴西虽然对该政策持批评态度，但均 已着手制定或扩大本国的碳定价体系。 品诚梅森律师事务所贸易事务合伙人托蒂斯・科特索尼西斯表示："这些国家已经改变了自身行为。在 我看来，这已然是 ...

欧盟碳边境调节机制(CBAM)将于2026年1月1日实施。这一机制远非简单的环保税，其实质是欧盟将其 高昂的内部碳成本向全球供应链进行系统性转嫁，并以此重塑贸易规则的地缘经济工具。对于能源密 集、工艺路线多样且供应链全球化的化工行业而言，该机制将直接触及产业竞争力的核心，在全球化工 与石化领域引发一场深远的战略调整。 CBAM的战略根源在于欧盟内部产业的保护需求与其全球气候领导权野心的结合。欧盟的化工企业，尤 其是基础化学品和聚合物生产商，长期承受着每吨约80欧元的全球最高碳价，导致其成本结构在国际竞 争中处于显著劣势。该机制旨在为这些企业构筑一道"绿色缓冲带"，通过向进口产品征收对等碳成本， 来平衡本土制造商的负担。欧盟官员所倡导的"公平竞争"，本质上是将其自身的环境规管与碳定价逻辑 设定为全球对欧贸易的强制性标准，其深层目标是锁定未来绿色经济中的规则制定权与产业制高点。 然而，全球主要化工品出口国都拥有灵活且务实的战略选项。中国、中东、美国及印度等关键产区，其 产业优势往往根植于本地化的资源禀赋，如煤化工、乙烷裂解或页岩气化工。面对CBAM带来的额外成 本，出口商更倾向于进行"贸易流再配置"，而非立即启动 ...

Core Viewpoint - Russia has formally requested consultations with the EU and WTO regarding the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), arguing that these measures are trade-restrictive and discriminatory under the guise of climate policy [1][5][9]. Group 1: CBAM and EU ETS Overview - The EU established the EU ETS in October 2003 to address "carbon leakage," which refers to the transfer of production to countries with less stringent emissions regulations [4]. - In May 2023, the EU passed regulations to establish CBAM, which aims to provide additional support measures for sectors at risk of carbon leakage [5][9]. Group 2: Russia's Concerns - Russia claims that the CBAM imposes complex and costly trade barriers on EU imports, creating significant uncertainty and unpredictability for operators [5][6]. - The application process for CBAM requires extensive documentation and proof of financial and operational capacity from importers, increasing compliance costs [6][8]. - Russia argues that the CBAM effectively acts as an additional "quasi-tariff" on imports from third countries, diverting financial resources from these countries' domestic climate change efforts [8][9]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The CBAM is expected to increase the trading costs of regulated goods significantly due to the administrative and compliance burdens imposed [6][9]. - The EU's CBAM currently applies to industries such as cement, steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen, which are identified as having high carbon leakage risks [9]. - The EU estimates that these sectors will account for over 50% of emissions covered by the EU ETS once fully implemented, aiming to encourage production countries to reduce carbon emissions [9].