巴西财政部长费尔南多·阿达本周公开批评称，15%的基准利率"甚至不应处于这一水平"，当前经济存在 降息空间。他表示，经济团队正在寻求每年3%以上的 GDP增长率，高利率不仅抑制经济扩张，也威胁 政府在2026年大选年的民众就业和收入目标。 央行行长加布里埃尔·加利波洛（Gabriel Galípolo）此前就通胀目标连续超标向财政部长提交公开信，解 释其原因包括经济过热、汇率波动、电力成本上升及极端气候冲击。加利波洛认为，维持高利率对控制 通胀、保护劳动者购买力至关重要。他强调，"历史经验表明，高通胀才是损害劳动者收入的最大威 胁。在就业和工资保持强劲的情况下，收紧政策仍是必要措施。" 新华财经圣保罗9月26日电 巴西中央银行25日发布的三季度货币政策报告（Monetary Policy Report）将 巴西2025年国内生产总值（GDP）增速预期由2.1%下调至2%。同时，巴西央行首次公布的2026年经济 增速预期仅为1.5%。 报告指出，受持续的高利率政策、全球经济放缓和2025年农业高增长难以延续等因素影响，巴西经济增 长在2026年可能明显减弱。今年下半年，尽管农业和采掘业表现良好，但美国加征关税的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights President Trump's criticism of Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell for maintaining high interest rates, which Trump claims is harming the U.S. housing industry and making it difficult for many Americans to obtain mortgages [1] Group 1 - Trump asserts that there are currently "no signs of inflation" and that "all signals point to a significant rate cut" [1] - The high interest rate policy is portrayed as detrimental to the housing market, impacting the ability of the public to secure home loans [1] - Trump labels Powell as "a disaster" in light of the current economic conditions [1]

Economic Impact of High Interest Rates - The Federal Reserve's high interest rate policy has led to significant fiscal pressure on the U.S. government, with debt interest payments exceeding $89 billion as of March 2023, translating to an average of $2 million per minute [3] - The continuous increase in interest rates has resulted in a heavy debt burden for the U.S., raising concerns about the sustainability of this fiscal strategy [3][10] - The high interest rates have contributed to unprecedented inflation, severely affecting the quality of life for citizens and leading to a wave of bank failures [4][16] Banking Sector Challenges - The ongoing high interest rates have caused at least five U.S. banks to declare bankruptcy, exacerbating the risk of bank runs as citizens withdraw deposits in response to rising prices [8] - Many banks are facing liquidity issues and are unable to meet customer withdrawal demands, further deepening their financial troubles [8] - The accumulation of credit card debt has also increased banks' liabilities, pushing them into a more precarious financial position [8] Retail Sector Struggles - The closure of multiple stores by the well-known "99 Cents Store" highlights the operational challenges faced by retailers due to rising costs and inflation, reflecting broader economic difficulties [7] - Many small retailers are also shutting down, leading to a rapid decline in consumer confidence [7] Future Economic Outlook - There is growing speculation that the Federal Reserve may lower interest rates by the end of 2023, which could stimulate economic recovery and attract global investment [12] - The changing global economic landscape has prompted China to reduce its reliance on the U.S. dollar and increase investments in gold, positioning itself favorably amid potential economic shocks [14] - The overall economic situation in the U.S. remains precarious, with the possibility of a financial collapse looming as fiscal deficits continue to grow [16][17]

Core Viewpoint - The recent statement by Federal Reserve Governor Waller indicates a shift in the internal perspective on current monetary policy, suggesting a potential move towards interest rate cuts due to reassessments of economic fundamentals, employment, and inflation [1] Group 1: Reasons for Supporting Rate Cuts - Waller's first reason highlights that new import tariffs may temporarily raise prices, but these are one-time changes and should not warrant a high interest rate response, as inflation expectations remain stable [3] - He emphasizes that the current federal funds rate is significantly above the neutral rate, which is estimated to be around 3%, while the current rate exceeds 5%, indicating a tight monetary policy that is not supported by economic data [3] - Economic growth is projected to be weak, with GDP growth in the first half of the year potentially at only 1%, and unemployment nearing long-term levels at 4.1%, suggesting that maintaining high rates is a lagging response to economic conditions [3] Group 2: Employment Market Concerns - Waller warns against being misled by seemingly stable employment data, noting that many labor market indicators may be revised downwards, and private sector job growth is nearly stagnant [4] - He points out that risks in the employment market are accumulating, advocating for preemptive measures rather than reactive ones when unemployment rises significantly [4] - The statement signals that the current high interest rate policy may be disconnected from the actual macroeconomic situation, with inflation near targets and economic growth insufficient, making continued high rates seem inappropriate [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of the U.S. economy amidst ongoing uncertainties due to tariff policies, highlighting a slowdown in economic growth and mixed signals from various economic indicators [1][4]. Economic Growth and Indicators - The U.S. GDP growth rate for 2025 has been revised down from 2.2% to 1.6% by OECD, and from 1.8% to 1.5% by IMF for 2026 [1]. - Current expectations suggest a decline in U.S. economic growth to around 1.4% this year, primarily due to the waning effects of fiscal stimulus and the impact of high interest rates [1][5]. - The unemployment rate decreased slightly to 4.1% in June, with non-farm payrolls increasing by 147,000, surpassing expectations [5][6]. Labor Market Dynamics - Despite a robust unemployment rate, signs of weakness in the labor market are emerging, particularly in the slowdown of job growth in the private sector compared to the public sector [6]. - The labor market is influenced by the overall economic slowdown and structural adjustments within industries, indicating a gradual weakening trend [6]. Inflation and Tariff Impact - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 2.7% year-on-year in June, the highest since February, but the impact of tariffs on inflation is mitigated by falling global energy prices and the limited scope of tariff implementation [1][8]. - The decline in oil prices from around $80 to approximately $65 per barrel has significantly contributed to controlling inflation [8]. - The actual impact of tariffs is less than initially expected due to delays in implementation and lower-than-anticipated tariff rates [9][10]. Monetary Policy Outlook - There is a high probability (over 90%) that the Federal Reserve will initiate interest rate cuts in September, as inflation indicators are trending downward and economic growth is slowing [11][12]. - The long-term outlook suggests that the federal funds rate may eventually decrease to around 2% or lower, although this will be a gradual process [11]. Currency and Trade Dynamics - The recent decline in the U.S. dollar index is attributed to expectations of Fed rate cuts and a slowdown in global trade growth, which reduces demand for the dollar [13]. - Despite some supportive factors for the dollar, such as stable capital inflows, the prevailing negative factors are expected to dominate in the short term, leading to a continued weak and volatile dollar index [13].

Economic Overview - The U.S. economy is experiencing a slowdown, with various economic indicators showing a contraction trend compared to the previous two years [1][4] - The OECD has revised its GDP growth forecast for the U.S. in 2025 from 2.2% to 1.6%, and further down to 1.5% for 2026 [1] - The IMF has also lowered its 2025 growth expectation by 0.9 percentage points to 1.8% [1] Labor Market Analysis - In June, the U.S. added 147,000 non-farm jobs, exceeding the expected 110,000, while the unemployment rate fell to 4.1%, better than the anticipated 4.3% [5] - Despite a seemingly stable labor market, there are signs of weakness, particularly in the private sector, where job growth is sluggish [5] - The labor market is under pressure from overall economic slowdown and structural adjustments within industries [5] Inflation and Tariff Impact - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 2.7% year-on-year in June, the highest level since February [1] - Tariff policies theoretically increase prices, but their actual impact is mitigated by falling global energy prices and limited implementation of tariffs [2][6] - Energy prices have decreased significantly, with crude oil dropping from around $80 per barrel to approximately $65, contributing to lower inflation [6] Monetary Policy Outlook - The Federal Reserve is expected to initiate interest rate cuts, with a probability exceeding 90% for the September meeting [8] - Current economic conditions, including declining inflation indicators and global economic slowdown, suggest that maintaining the current federal funds rate of 4.25%-4.5% is inappropriate [8] Currency Market Dynamics - The U.S. dollar index is under pressure due to expectations of Fed rate cuts and a slowdown in global trade growth [9] - The dollar's share in global foreign exchange reserves is close to 60%, and its role in global trade settlements is about 50%, indicating a significant impact from trade tensions [9] - Despite some supportive factors for the dollar, such as stable capital inflows, the prevailing negative factors are expected to dominate in the short term [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the contrasting monetary policies between the US and other countries, with the US maintaining a high interest rate of 4.5% while other nations are lowering rates to stimulate their economies [3][7][26] - The US national debt has surged to $35 trillion, with annual interest payments exceeding $1.3 trillion, raising concerns among experts and the public about the sustainability of such a fiscal situation [4] - Former President Trump has publicly criticized the Federal Reserve's high interest rate policy, suggesting an immediate reduction of 1 percentage point to alleviate the government's debt burden and invigorate the economy [11][28] Group 2 - The article draws parallels between the current US economic strategy and historical events, specifically referencing the Plaza Accord of 1985, which negatively impacted Japan's economy due to forced currency appreciation [14][20] - Unlike Japan, China is portrayed as taking an independent development path, strengthening its manufacturing and financial sectors while gradually increasing its global economic influence [22][24] - The high interest rate policy of the Federal Reserve is seen as exacerbating global economic imbalances, with Trump expressing disappointment over the lack of effective measures to control inflation [26][29]

Core Insights - Brazil's annual inflation rate has slowed but remains above target levels, prompting the central bank to maintain high interest rates to control price pressures [1] Inflation Data - The official data shows that consumer prices increased by 5.4% year-on-year, which is lower than all analyst expectations (median forecast was 5.49%) [1] - The month-on-month inflation rate was recorded at 0.36%, also below all forecasts [1] Monetary Policy - Since September of the previous year, Brazilian policymakers have raised borrowing costs by 4.25 percentage points due to inflation expectations exceeding the target of 3% [1] - Investors are closely monitoring signals that may indicate whether there will be another interest rate hike in the upcoming June meeting [1] Economic Context - Despite a strong domestic economy, the recent increase in financial transaction taxes is expected to further tighten market conditions [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the impact of high interest rate policies implemented by the Federal Reserve, which have attracted significant global capital inflows but also created substantial fiscal pressures and risks for the U.S. and its allies [1][2][7] - Since March 2022, the Federal Reserve's continuous interest rate hikes have led to a massive accumulation of wealth in the U.S., prompting allied countries like the UK to adopt similar high-rate policies to attract foreign investments [1][2] - The financial markets of Western countries are facing turmoil, with the Bank of England's unexpected decision to cut interest rates signaling an inability to sustain high rates, which could lead to severe challenges for the UK's financial system and international credibility [4][6] Group 2 - In May, China sold $2.4 billion worth of U.S. Treasury bonds, while Japan sold $22 billion, indicating a significant shift in their investment strategies and raising concerns about potential market panic [2][3] - The total amount of U.S. Treasury bonds held by China is $768.4 billion, and Japan holds over $1.1 trillion, making their selling actions particularly impactful on U.S. fiscal stability [3] - The Bank of England's decision to lower its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 5% is the first rate cut since March 2020, reflecting the immense pressure faced by central banks in maintaining high interest rates [6][4] Group 3 - The current situation presents a complex dilemma for the U.S., as the actions of its allies, particularly the UK, may force the Federal Reserve to reconsider its interest rate strategy, which could have significant implications for global financial markets [7][9] - Analysts suggest that if the Federal Reserve decides to lower interest rates, it could revitalize global financial markets and present substantial development opportunities for China and other emerging economies [7][9]