证券研究报告：宏观报告 研究所 分析师:李起 SAC 登记编号:S1340524110001 Email:liqi2@cnpsec.com 研究助理:高晓洁 SAC 登记编号:S1340124020001 Email:gaoxiaojie@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《中共中央经济工作会议精神学习：符 合预期，整体定调更具针对性》 - 2025.12.12 宏观观点 降息符合预期，购债操作重启——12 月美联储议息 会议点评 ⚫ 核心观点： 联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）在本周会议上决定将联邦基金利率 目标区间下调 25 个基点至 3.5%-3.75%，符合市场预期。本次决议出 现三票反对票，除了美联储理事米兰依然坚持主张应降息 50 个基点 外，堪萨斯城联储主席施密德、芝加哥联储主席古尔斯比均认为本月 不应降息。会议声明中修改了两处措辞，包括加入了"在考虑额外调 整的范围和时机时"委员会将密切关注新数据；以及"委员会认为， 准备金余额已降至充足水平，并将根据需要持续购买短期国债"。 不同于此前市场普遍预期的鹰派降息，本次会议整体基调略偏鸽 派。首先，美联储宣布启动以准备金管理为目的的国债购买操作，首 ...

The Federal Reserve reducing interest rates by an expected quarter point to a new range of 3.5% to 3.75%. There were three descents, the first time that's happened since September 2019. Two were against the cut, including Chicago Fed President Austin Goulby along with um Kansas City Fed President Jeff Smith.His second descent in a row. Also another disscent for a 50 basis point cut from new Fed governor on loan from the administration Steven Myron. To recap, the vote was nine for cutting a quarter, two agai ...

Core Viewpoint - The Bank of Korea is likely to maintain its interest rate unchanged for the second consecutive time during the upcoming policy meeting, with a majority of economists predicting no adjustment [1] Group 1: Economic Predictions - A survey conducted by The Wall Street Journal among 27 economists shows that 20 expect no change in interest rates, while 7 anticipate a rate cut [1] - Goldman Sachs economists, led by Goohoon Kwon, suggest that a moderate stance will allow the Bank of Korea to monitor household debt trends and assess the effects of ongoing fiscal stimulus [1] - Goldman Sachs forecasts a potential interest rate cut by the Bank of Korea in October [1] Group 2: Economic Growth and Inflation Expectations - Most economists expect the Bank of Korea to slightly raise its GDP and inflation forecasts for 2025, citing stronger-than-expected economic growth data from the second quarter [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has lowered its GDP growth forecasts for 2023 and 2024, which has led to a slight decrease in the 2-year U.S. Treasury yield as traders react to the updated economic outlook [1] Group 1: Federal Reserve Actions - In the June dot plot, Federal Reserve officials reduced their expectations for the number of interest rate cuts by the end of 2027 [1] - The Fed now projects economic growth rates of 1.4% for this year and 1.6% for next year, down from previous estimates of 1.7% and 1.8% respectively [1] Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the release of the dot plot, the 2-year U.S. Treasury yield experienced a slight decline, indicating traders' responses to the Fed's economic growth slowdown predictions [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. two-year Treasury yield dropped approximately 5 basis points, reaching a daily low close to 3.88%, following the Federal Reserve's June decision statement which revised down the 2025 U.S. GDP forecast and raised inflation expectations [1] Group 1 - The Federal Reserve's decision to lower the 2025 GDP forecast indicates a more cautious economic outlook [1] - The upward revision of inflation expectations suggests potential challenges for monetary policy moving forward [1] Group 2 - Spot gold prices rebounded from around $3385 to above $3395, reflecting market reactions to the Fed's announcements [1] - The S&P 500 index's gains narrowed to less than 0.2%, indicating a mixed market response [1] - The Philadelphia Bank Index saw an increase of over 2.1%, suggesting positive sentiment in the banking sector [1]

Group 1 - The Spanish central bank has revised its GDP growth forecast for 2025 down to 2.4%, from a previous estimate of 2.7% [1]

Group 1: US Dollar - The Federal Reserve's Logan stated that the Fed can remain patient and is ready to respond when necessary [2] - US manufacturing activity shrank for the fourth consecutive month in May, with trade-related data highlighting the impact of tariffs [2] - OECD lowered the US GDP forecast for 2025 from 2.2% to 1.6% and for 2026 from 1.6% to 1.5%, expecting no changes in Fed interest rates this year [2] Group 2: Non-USD Major Currencies - The People's Bank of China conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 454.5 billion yuan at an interest rate of 1.40%, unchanged from previous levels [3] - The Reserve Bank of Australia's meeting minutes indicated that the committee does not see the need for a 50 basis point rate cut, noting that US tariffs have not yet impacted the Australian economy [3] - Bank of Japan Governor Ueda stated there are currently no preset plans for interest rate hikes, which will only be considered if the economy and prices rise again; a bond reduction plan will be reviewed in the next meeting [3] - Japan's Ministry of Finance issued approximately 2.6 trillion yen in 10-year government bonds, with a bid-to-cover ratio of about 3.66, the highest in nearly a year, leading to a rise in medium to long-term bond prices [3] Group 3: Other Economic Indicators - The OECD projected global economic growth rates of 2.9% for both 2025 and 2026, down by 0.2 and 0.1 percentage points respectively from the March forecast [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Bank of Japan (BOJ) maintains its interest rate at 0.5% amid increasing uncertainty due to U.S. tariffs, delaying the timeline for achieving its inflation target [1][2] Monetary Policy - The BOJ extends its outlook period by one year, now including the fiscal year 2027, with core inflation expected to align with the 2% target around the second half of this outlook period [2] - The BOJ's forecast for core inflation in the fiscal year starting April 2027 is set at 1.9%, with inflation excluding fresh food and energy projected at 2% [2] - The BOJ indicates a readiness to tighten monetary policy further if conditions allow, despite recent economic growth forecasts being downgraded [2][5] Economic Growth Projections - The BOJ halves its economic growth forecast for the current fiscal year, reducing the GDP growth rate from 1.1% to 0.5% for FY2025 and from 1.0% to 0.7% for FY2026 [5][7] - The GDP growth rate for FY2027 is projected at 1.0% [5] Inflation Risks - The BOJ notes that inflation risks are skewed to the downside for the next two years, reflecting heightened uncertainty regarding trade policies [7][8] - Swap traders have delayed bets on interest rate hikes, with the likelihood of a rate increase by the end of the year now at approximately 39% [7] Market Reactions - The yen depreciated by 0.5% against the dollar, reaching 143.79, while Japanese bond prices rose, with the 10-year bond yield falling by 4.5 basis points to 1.265% [1] - The market is closely monitoring the BOJ's stance on future rate hikes, especially in light of geopolitical uncertainties and the recent strength of the yen [12]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news highlights the impact of recent U.S. trade policies and economic indicators on the gold market, indicating a complex interplay between short-term pressures and long-term safe-haven demand [2][3] - President Trump signed an executive order to alleviate tariff impacts on automakers, while the U.S. Commerce Secretary revealed a secret trade agreement, aiming to reduce market anxiety [2] - The U.S. trade deficit reached a historical high of $162 billion in March, potentially dragging down Q1 GDP by nearly 2 percentage points, raising concerns about economic performance [2] Group 2 - The consumer confidence index fell to a five-year low in April, and job openings dropped by 288,000 in March, signaling economic weakness [2] - Goldman Sachs has revised its Q1 GDP forecast to a contraction of 0.8%, reflecting growing pessimism among economists [2] - Despite short-term pressures on gold prices, the long-term safe-haven logic remains intact, as indicated by David Meger, who noted that the recent price correction is merely technical [2] Group 3 - Current gold T+D prices are at 780.88 yuan per gram, with a decline of 0.49%, and trading has seen a high of 786.00 yuan and a low of 779.65 yuan [3] - Resistance levels for gold are observed at 835-840 yuan, while support is seen at 760-765 yuan [3]