今年的"外卖大战"成为全民参与的活动，热闹背后，潜藏着诸多问题——平台收费如何计算， 成了一笔"糊涂账"；平台"烧钱"内卷，成本转嫁到商户身上；热门店铺是否真实，是否存 在"幽灵门店"；配送员的配送时间，被系统算法锁死…… 市场监管总局组织起草的《外卖平台服务管理基本要求（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《要 求》），今日起（24日）正式面向社会公开征求意见。困扰外卖行业已久的核心痛点，如今有 望迎来统一的解决标准。 文件有四方面亮点：明确收费规则以保障商户权益；厘清促销责任并叫停"内卷"；引入一镜到 底视频严审商户核资质，守护公众"舌尖上的安全"；首次在国家层面提出限制配送员接单时 长、优化算法，系统性保障其基本劳动权益。 商户减负：平台抽成、收费透明化 平台收费项目多、计算规则复杂，是许多外卖商户特别是中小商户的痛点。《要求》的亮点之 一，就是对平台收费进行了细致规范。 文件明确，平台面向商户的收费项目主要限于三类： 技术服务费、配送服务费和推广服务 费。 且不能随意变更或新设收费项目，这从源头上遏制了平台通过创造新收费项目来增加商 户负担的可能性。 值得注意的是，文件要求平台持续、显著地公示所有收费规则，甚至将 ...

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of a new national standard for food delivery platforms aims to regulate service management, enhance service quality, and address issues such as "involution" competition and transparency in platform fees [1][2][4]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The State Administration for Market Regulation has drafted the "Basic Requirements for Food Delivery Platform Service Management (Draft for Comments)" to standardize service management practices [1]. - The draft focuses on key issues such as "involution" competition, opaque and unreasonable platform fees, "ghost deliveries," and insufficient protection for delivery personnel [1][2]. Group 2: Fee and Promotion Management - The draft proposes specific requirements for fee management, including the need for platforms to standardize fee items, publicly disclose fee information, and conduct compliance audits [2]. - It also addresses "involution" competition by establishing requirements for price promotion management, ensuring promotional activities are transparent and rules are fair [2]. Group 3: Merchant and Delivery Personnel Management - The draft outlines systematic requirements for platforms regarding merchant management, emphasizing the establishment of a standardized admission mechanism and strict qualification audits for merchants [2]. - It focuses on protecting delivery personnel's rights, including social security, fair wages, working hours, and career development, promoting a sustainable rights protection mechanism [2][3]. Group 4: Overall Service Management Requirements - The draft sets overall requirements for platforms to operate legally, protect legal rights of all parties, maintain fair competition, fulfill social responsibilities, and promote multi-party governance [3]. - It emphasizes the need for coordination among various stakeholders in the food delivery industry, filling gaps in existing standards regarding stakeholder relationship management [3]. Group 5: Industry Impact - The development of a new national standard is expected to address societal concerns, promote a fair, orderly, and sustainable industry landscape, and enhance consumer trust and the overall image of the industry [4].

（原标题：杜绝"幽灵外卖"，新规拟强制商户录视频证"真身"） 21世纪经济报道 见习记者叶红梅 今年的"外卖大战"成为全民参与的活动，热闹背后，潜藏着诸多问题——平台收费如何计算，成了一 笔"糊涂账"；平台"烧钱"内卷，成本转嫁到商户身上；热门店铺是否真实，是否存在"幽灵门店"；配送 员的配送时间，被系统算法锁死…… 市场监管总局组织起草的《外卖平台服务管理基本要求（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《要求》），今日 起（24日）正式面向社会公开征求意见。困扰外卖行业已久的核心痛点，如今有望迎来统一的解决标 准。 根据《要求》，在这三项收费内容中，推广服务费的透明度也进一步提升。文件要求平台保障推广服务 规则通俗易懂，并公示推广服务包含的所有工具和具体类目，以及每种流量推广工具、广告服务的具体 计费标准和计费所依据的指标。平台还将免费为商户提供评估推广服务效果的工具和真实信息，包括但 不限于推广点击量、推广点击转化率、推广投资回报率等。如此一来，商户投在推广上的每一笔投入， 都能清晰看到转化效果几何。 并且，文件还列举了九类明确禁止的"不合理收费"情形。其中，"因非商户原因取消订单仍收费""收取 推广服务费但未实际提供 ...

所谓"幽灵外卖"，是指没有营业执照、食品经营许可证等证照，或不具备餐饮经营资质的商户，通过假 证、套证、借证等违法违规手段在外卖平台提供违规餐饮服务的现象，此类商户借助虚假证照与地址信 息违规上线经营，埋下食品安全隐患。 9月24日，市场监管总局组织起草的《外卖平台服务管理基本要求（征求意见稿）》（简称《征求意见 稿》）面向社会公开征求意见。 《征求意见稿》聚焦平台收费、促销行为等重点问题，帮助外卖平台企业规范服务管理、提升服务质 量，减轻商户经营负担，引导平台企业公开有序竞争。 严守食品安全底线 《征求意见稿》针对"幽灵外卖"、商户"爆单"等乱象，从商户入驻、信息审核等方面提出系统要求，严 守食品安全底线。 针对"幽灵外卖"，对外经济贸易大学法学院教授张欣表示，《征求意见稿》要求商户提供真实证照、门 店场景信息，甚至是"一镜到底"的定位视频，并且由平台执行商户准入与动态审核，辅以"网上亮证"的 社会监督，在以信息真实性为抓手的情况下，能够从源头阻断违规商户的进入通道。 "爆单"现象是指商户服务能力在订单高峰期瞬间过载，直接冲击着消费者的服务体验，极易引发商户、 消费者和配送员之间的冲突。为化解"爆单"风险， ...

新华社北京9月15日电 9月15日,《新华每日电讯》发表题为《有研究者认为，从长远看平台的竞争 最终会增加社会福利》的报道。 首都经济贸易大学副教授、中国新就业形态研究中心主任张成刚认为，"外卖大战"尽管短期内可能 会对部分商家造成冲击，但从长远看，竞争最终会增加社会福利。重要的是，平台需考虑对小规模或有 特色店铺的扶持，以保护餐饮业的良性发展生态。同时，商家需要适应市场变化，提升运营能力。 外卖对于餐饮业的本质作用是减少传统餐饮的房租成本，在不用额外交房租的情况下，可以多卖出 更多餐品。 商家能否盈利，要看房租成本在总成本中所占的比例。比如一些大城市的核心区，房租成本大概占 总成本的30%至40%，做外卖大概率是有利可图的，因为房租成本被拉低了。如果在人员成本比较高的 场景，外卖单量增加会带来工人工资增加，利润率可能是下降的。 ——市场环境下的竞争和内卷不可避免 合理的市场竞争有助于推动效率提升与社会福利扩展，"外卖大战"激发的消费升级、就业机会、服 务提质，本质上体现了竞争的活力。但也应警惕"非理性竞争"可能带来的资源错配、商户依赖与用户黏 性虚高等问题。 ——"外卖大战"提升了骑手收入，增加了用工需求 ...

淘宝闪购上线以来，带动服务消费火热。多平台参与下，外卖行业形成良性竞争、理性竞争局面，极大 推动市场活力，更有力促进骑手增收与数量增长。 肖水贤介绍，平台数据显示，淘宝闪购8月日均活跃骑士已经超过200万，对比去年同期，创造了超过百 万个新的就业。同时，骑士收入也大幅增长，7月收入超过1万元的骑士数量达到去年的2.8倍。 百万城市骑士，也不断涌现出各种标杆典型：从全国劳模到技能冠军，从外卖诗人到公益"侠客"，他们 中有跳下10米高桥救人的高州骑士吕炜权，有跑单期间随身携带AED、及时救人的武汉骑士张宝剑， 还有无声听障骑士"单王"刘一飞等等。 9月11日，全国总工会平台算法和劳动规则协商工作现场交流会在上海召开。今年以来，全国工会以开 展2025年集体协商"集中要约行动"为抓手，重点推动平台企业开展算法协商，取得积极进展，目前已有 15家头部平台企业纳入工作范围，协商成果预计将覆盖新就业形态劳动者逾2000万人。 当天，全总调研组走访调研饿了么总部，深入了解新就业形态劳动者权益保障、平台算法应用和劳动规 则向善透明举措、平台骑士就业及发展等情况。 饿了么党委书记、工会主席肖水贤介绍，在各级工会指导下，饿了么平 ...

Core Viewpoint - The National Market Regulatory Administration has addressed the recent subsidy disputes among food delivery platforms, emphasizing the need for compliance with laws and regulations to prevent unfair competition and promote orderly industry development [2][3] Group 1: Regulatory Actions - The regulatory body has conducted discussions with major food delivery platforms, which have collectively committed to adhering to legal standards and avoiding malicious subsidies [2] - The administration will closely monitor competition in the food delivery sector, requiring platforms to enhance service quality and maintain food safety standards [2][5] - Platforms are urged to control subsidies reasonably to avoid disrupting the normal pricing system and to support merchants while ensuring rider rights [2][5] Group 2: Industry Competition Dynamics - There are mixed opinions regarding the subsidy wars; some view it as normal competition, while others see it as disruptive and indicative of unfair practices [2][3] - The ongoing subsidy wars have led to significant revenue increases for platforms, but profits have plummeted, attributed mainly to substantial subsidy expenditures [4] - The characteristics of malicious competition include overall price competition initiated by a few companies, leading to long-term low or negative profit margins across the industry [3][4] Group 3: Legal Framework - The Anti-Unfair Competition Law prohibits platform operators from forcing merchants to sell below cost, which disrupts market order [5] - Recent policy documents emphasize preventing operators from engaging in malicious competition through below-cost pricing [5] - The regulatory framework aims to delineate clear boundaries for price-related malicious competition, including in the subsidy domain [5] Group 4: Broader Implications - The Minister of Industry and Information Technology highlighted the potential for irrational competition to destroy businesses and industries rapidly, a sentiment applicable across all sectors [6]

Core Viewpoint - The National Market Regulation Administration has addressed the recent subsidy disputes among food delivery platforms, emphasizing the need for compliance with laws and regulations to prevent unfair competition and promote orderly industry development [1][2]. Group 1: Regulatory Actions - The National Market Regulation Administration has conducted discussions with major food delivery platforms, which have collectively committed to adhering to legal standards and avoiding malicious subsidies [1]. - The administration will closely monitor competition in the food delivery sector, requiring platforms to enhance service quality, ensure food safety, and manage subsidies to protect the normal pricing system [1][4]. Group 2: Competition Dynamics - There are mixed opinions regarding the subsidy wars; some view it as normal competition, while others see it as disruptive, leading to below-cost pricing and unfair competition [1][2]. - The ongoing subsidy wars have shown clear signs of malicious competition, characterized by significant price competition initiated by a few companies, which can lead to long-term low or negative profit margins across the industry [3]. Group 3: Legal Framework - The definition of "malicious" competition is crucial, with laws such as the Anti-Unfair Competition Law prohibiting platforms from forcing sellers to price below cost, which disrupts market order [4]. - Recent regulatory documents have established guidelines to prevent below-cost pricing and ensure fair competition, including the prohibition of "below cost + exclusion of competitors" practices [4]. Group 4: Industry Impact - The industrial and information sectors are particularly vulnerable to irrational competition, which can destroy companies and industries rapidly, highlighting the need for regulatory oversight [5].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that irrational competition can destroy a company or an industry overnight, highlighting the urgency for regulatory intervention in the food delivery sector [1][5] - The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) has engaged with major food delivery platforms to address subsidy disputes, urging them to adhere to laws and regulations, eliminate unfair competition, and promote orderly industry development [1][2] - There are mixed opinions regarding the subsidy wars; some view it as normal competition, while others see it as disruptive to market order due to below-cost pricing practices [1][3] Group 2 - The SAMR's requirements for platforms to resist malicious subsidies and regulate competition reflect a formal correction of the unchecked growth model in platform economies [2][4] - Evidence of malicious competition is evident in the food delivery sector, characterized by price wars initiated by a few companies, leading to widespread profit loss and long-term low or negative profit margins across the industry [3][4] - Regulatory frameworks, including the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and recent policy drafts, aim to define and restrict below-cost pricing practices, ensuring that competition is based on service efficiency and innovation rather than financial burn [4]

【环球网科技综合报道】外卖行业全国首份平台算法与劳动规则协议在饿了么诞生。9月10日，2025年度饿了么平台算法和劳动规则协商恳谈会在上海召 开，来自全国各地的一线外卖骑士，就日常关切的劳动报酬、休息休假、劳动保护、福利保障等方面与平台协商恳谈，最终达成共识，签订《2025年度"饿 了么"平台算法和劳动规则协议》。 据悉，《协议》将惠及全平台超过400万城市骑士，包括明确休息、报酬权益，逐步推行超时免责，优化路径规划与派单算法等。同时，在全行业内首次， 淘宝闪购与饿了么将养老保险、医疗保险补贴覆盖全国。 记者获悉，恳谈会前，截至9月5日，平台共收到意见建议近1万条，并将其分类归纳为217类问题，72类问题平台已制定方案并协调解决，136类问题平台已 作了回应并正逐步优化，进一步升级城市骑士权益保障。 前期征集万条建议 持续推进良性互动、算法向善 今年4月，经过一线城市骑士和平台的多轮协商交流，全国首份平台算法和劳动规则协议《2025年度"饿了么"（上海）网约配送算法和劳动规则协议》在上 海诞生，形成了多项关乎骑士切身利益的条例。 随后，饿了么在北京、广东、山东、江苏、浙江等省（市）召开了9场省域协商恳谈会，并 ...