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降息+基本面反转,重视铜、铝买入机会!
2025-08-25 09:13
Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the non-ferrous metals industry, particularly focusing on copper and aluminum markets, as well as the rare earth sector. [1][2][3] Key Points and Arguments Monetary Policy Impact - The Federal Reserve's dovish signals have increased expectations for interest rate cuts, which are anticipated to benefit industrial metals like copper and aluminum due to a potential weakening of the dollar and increased economic growth. [2][9] - The expected interest rate cut in September is projected to significantly impact the prices of copper and aluminum, enhancing demand for these metals. [2][11] Rare Earth Market Developments - A new regulatory framework for rare earth management has been introduced, shifting from two major smelting groups to designated enterprises, which is expected to tighten supply and drive up prices for rare earth elements like neodymium and praseodymium. [3][4] - The price of neodymium and praseodymium has surged past 600,000 yuan per ton, supported by seasonal demand and recovering export orders. [4] Aluminum Market Dynamics - The aluminum market has shown signs of a fundamental reversal, with LME and COMEX inventories at historical lows, indicating a tightening supply situation. [6][8] - Domestic electrolytic aluminum inventories have also decreased, and downstream operating rates are recovering, suggesting an improving supply-demand structure. [6] - Long-term projections indicate a decline in global aluminum supply growth due to project delays in Indonesia and production cuts in Africa, while demand from power and infrastructure sectors is expected to rise. [6][8] Investment Recommendations - Recommended stocks include: 1. **China Nonferrous Mining**: Expected to double its self-owned mineral output in five years, with a projected profit of 4 billion yuan this year. Current market cap is 29.9 billion yuan, with a potential 50% upside if valuations align with peers. [5] 2. **Jiangxi Copper H Shares**: Valued at 8 times earnings, with a potential 50% upside. Benefits from a 19% stake in First Quantum, which is expected to enhance copper production. [5] 3. **Nangang Steel**: Projected annual profit exceeding 2.9 billion yuan, with a stable dividend yield of 5%. [5] Seasonal Trends in Construction and Aluminum Demand - The construction industry is expected to experience a seasonal rebound from summer lows to stable autumn activity, which will positively impact aluminum demand. [8] - The upcoming months (September to October) are anticipated to see increased operating rates and significant price volatility in aluminum due to low inventory levels. [8] Risks to Consider - Potential risks include the possibility of rising commodity prices leading to inflation exceeding expectations, which could alter future interest rate cut projections. [13] Additional Important Insights - The overall market valuation is currently low at around 8 times earnings, suggesting potential for growth in dividend-paying stocks with defensive characteristics. [7] - The copper market is expected to benefit from macroeconomic improvements, with supply tightening and demand shifting towards a seasonal peak. [12]
多空兼备,氧化铝震荡
Tong Guan Jin Yuan Qi Huo· 2025-08-25 06:43
1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The alumina market is multi - faceted with both long and short factors. In the short term, alumina is expected to trade in a range - bound manner. The disturbances in the ore end have not affected the actual supply, and the cost side is stable. The medium - to - long - term supply side faces significant pressure from new capacity launches, while the short - term operating capacity is stable. Attention should be paid to the potential phased supply disruptions caused by the "parade" [2][7]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Transaction Data - From August 15th to August 22nd, 2025, the active alumina futures price decreased from 3205 yuan/ton to 3138 yuan/ton, a drop of 67 yuan/ton. The domestic alumina spot price decreased from 3270 yuan/ton to 3263 yuan/ton, a drop of 7 yuan/ton. The spot premium increased from 107 yuan/ton to 134 yuan/ton, an increase of 27 yuan/ton. The FOB price of Australian alumina increased from 366.5 dollars/ton to 370 dollars/ton, an increase of 3.5 dollars/ton. The import profit and loss changed from 14.16 yuan/ton to - 24.60 yuan/ton, a decrease of 38.8 yuan/ton. The exchange warehouse inventory increased from 65771 tons to 77746 tons, an increase of 11975 tons, and the exchange factory warehouse inventory remained at 0 tons [3]. 3.2 Market Review - The main alumina futures contract fell 2.09% last week, closing at 3138 yuan/ton. The national weighted average of the spot market was reported at 3263 yuan/ton on Friday, down 7 yuan/ton from the previous week. The price of domestic bauxite remained unchanged, with limited spot circulation and low trading activity. The rainy season in Guinea has affected the import of bauxite, and it is expected to impact China's import volume in the future. On the supply side, the roasting furnace maintenance of a southern alumina enterprise led to a phased reduction in the supply of alumina spot, with a more prominent supply - demand imbalance in the south and relatively loose supply in the north. As of August 21st, China's alumina production capacity was 114.8 million tons, the operating capacity was 95.2 million tons, and the operating rate was 82.93%. On the consumption side, the transfer of electrolytic aluminum production capacity from Shandong to Yunnan and the resumption of production of electrolytic aluminum enterprises in Guangxi increased the supply of the electrolytic aluminum industry this week, leading to an increase in the demand for alumina. In terms of inventory, the alumina futures warehouse receipt inventory increased by 70824 tons to 78000 tons last Friday, and the factory warehouse inventory remained at 0 tons [5]. 3.3 Market Outlook - Last week, the domestic ore supply remained tight, while the import volume of imported ore in July increased by 10.7% month - on - month, with sufficient import supply. On the supply side, the roasting maintenance of a southern alumina enterprise affected a small amount of production capacity, and the rest remained basically stable. The previously expected impact of the "parade" on transportation and production has not materialized. On the consumption side, electrolytic aluminum enterprises are relatively cautious in purchasing due to the current oscillating adjustment of alumina. The regional tight supply pattern in the spot market still exists, and the price is relatively firm. The warehouse receipt inventory increased by 70824 tons to 78000 tons during the week, and the factory warehouse inventory remained at 0 tons. Overall, the disturbances in the ore end have not affected the actual supply, and the cost side is stable. The medium - to - long - term supply side faces significant pressure from new capacity launches, while the short - term operating capacity is stable. Attention should be paid to the potential phased supply disruptions caused by the "parade". The warehouse receipt inventory has been continuously decreasing, but the decline in the open interest on the market is not significant [2][7]. 3.4 Industry News - In July 2025, China imported 125,900 tons of alumina, mainly from Indonesia, Australia, and Vietnam, and exported 229,400 tons, mainly to Russia. In July 2025, China imported approximately 20.06 million tons of bauxite and its concentrates, a year - on - year increase of about 33.73% and a month - on - month increase of about 10.73%. Rusal released its interim results for the six - month period ending June 30, 2025, with revenues of 7.52 billion dollars, a year - on - year increase of 32.05%. The attributable loss to shareholders was 87 million dollars, compared with a profit of 565 million dollars in the same period of the previous year [8]. 3.5 Related Charts - The report provides multiple charts, including those showing the price trends of alumina futures, domestic and Australian alumina spot, alumina spot premium, alumina inter - month spread, domestic and imported bauxite prices, caustic soda price, thermal coal price, alumina cost - profit, and alumina exchange inventory [9][14][16]
明泰铝业拟向焦作万方出售三门峡铝业2.50%股权
Zhi Tong Cai Jing· 2025-08-24 09:47
Core Viewpoint - Ming Tai Aluminum Industry (601677.SH) announced that Jiaozuo Wanfang (000612) intends to acquire equity in Cayman Aluminum (Sanmenxia) Co., Ltd. through a share issuance, with the company agreeing to sell 2.50% of its stake in Sanmenxia Aluminum to Jiaozuo Wanfang [1] Group 1 - Jiaozuo Wanfang will issue shares at a price of 5.39 yuan per share for the acquisition [1] - The company expects to receive 149 million shares from Jiaozuo Wanfang as part of this transaction [1] - The transaction does not involve any cash payment [1]
作价319.49亿元!焦作万方拟收购三门峡铝业99.4375%股权
Bei Jing Shang Bao· 2025-08-24 04:17
Group 1 - The core point of the news is that Jiaozuo Wanfang plans to acquire a 99.4375% stake in Sanmenxia Aluminum through a share issuance, with the transaction valued at 31.949 billion yuan, constituting a major asset restructuring and related party transaction [1] - The acquisition will allow Jiaozuo Wanfang to expand its business in the aluminum industry, as Sanmenxia Aluminum will become a subsidiary, enhancing the company's upstream operations and creating a complete aluminum material industry chain from alumina to electrolytic aluminum and aluminum processing [1] - This strategic move is expected to improve the industry synergy effect for Jiaozuo Wanfang [1] Group 2 - On August 22, Jiaozuo Wanfang's stock price fell by 0.33%, closing at 9.2 yuan per share, with a total market capitalization of 10.97 billion yuan [2]
焦作万方:有限合伙企业曼联(杭州)持股比例升至5.53%
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-08-23 02:23
Core Viewpoint - The announcement indicates that Manchester United (Hangzhou) Enterprise Management Partnership (Limited Partnership) has increased its stake in Jiaozuo Wanfang by acquiring 393 million shares, representing 5.53% of the total share capital post-issuance, which positions Hangzhou Manchester as a significant shareholder in the company [1] Company Summary - The increase in shareholding by Hangzhou Manchester is expected to enhance Jiaozuo Wanfang's asset scale and sustainable profitability [1] - The transaction does not involve any cash payment or funding sources [1] - There are no plans for further increases or decreases in shareholding by Hangzhou Manchester within the next 12 months [1] Industry Summary - The move is anticipated to further optimize the business layout within the aluminum industry [1]
焦作万方:8月22日召开董事会会议
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-08-22 23:19
Group 1 - The company, Jiaozuo Wanfang, announced that its 10th second board meeting will be held on August 22, 2025, using both in-person and communication methods [1] - The meeting will review the proposal regarding the convening of a temporary shareholders' meeting to discuss matters related to this transaction [1] - For the year 2024, the company's revenue composition is entirely from the aluminum industry, accounting for 100.0% [1] Group 2 - As of the report, Jiaozuo Wanfang has a market capitalization of 11 billion yuan [1]
铝类市场周报:供给持稳需求暂弱,铝类或将有所承压-20250822
Rui Da Qi Huo· 2025-08-22 09:47
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the document. 2. Core Views of the Report - The alumina market may experience a situation of double - growth in supply and demand, with a slight reduction in social inventory and an increase in exchange inventory. The electrolytic aluminum market may see a situation of stable and slightly increasing supply, temporarily weak demand but expected improvement, and a slight accumulation of industrial inventory. The overall aluminum market may face some pressure [4]. - For trading strategies, it is recommended to conduct light - position short - selling transactions for the main contract of Shanghai aluminum at high prices and light - position short - term long - buying transactions for the main contract of alumina at low prices, while paying attention to operation rhythm and risk control [4]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Week - to - Week Key Points Summary - **Market Review**: The main contract of cast aluminum first declined and then rose, with a weekly change of +0.05%, closing at 20,175 yuan/ton. The main contract of Shanghai aluminum oscillated weakly, with a weekly change of - 0.67%, closing at 20,630 yuan/ton. The alumina contract oscillated weakly, with a weekly change of - 2.09%, closing at 3,138 yuan/ton [4][5]. - **Market Outlook**: Alumina may face a situation of double - growth in supply and demand. Electrolytic aluminum may see stable and slightly increasing supply, temporarily weak demand but expected improvement [4]. - **Strategy Suggestion**: Light - position short - selling transactions for the main contract of Shanghai aluminum at high prices and light - position short - term long - buying transactions for the main contract of alumina at low prices, with attention to operation rhythm and risk control [4]. 3.2 Futures and Spot Market - **Price Movement**: As of August 22, 2025, the closing price of Shanghai aluminum was 20,650 yuan/ton, down 0.51% from August 15; the closing price of LME aluminum was 2,593 US dollars/ton, down 1.18% from August 15. The alumina futures price was 3,127 yuan/ton, down 1.14% from August 15; the closing price of the main contract of cast aluminum alloy was 20,175 yuan/ton, up 0.05% from August 15 [8][12]. - **Ratio and Spread**: As of August 22, 2025, the Shanghai - LME ratio of electrolytic aluminum was 7.95, up 0.11 from August 15. The aluminum - zinc futures spread was 1,645 yuan/ton, down 90 yuan/ton from August 15; the copper - aluminum futures spread was 58,060 yuan/ton, down 230 yuan/ton from August 15 [9][20]. - **Position and Inventory**: As of August 22, 2025, the position of Shanghai aluminum was 575,286 lots, down 4.33% from August 15; the net position of the top 20 in Shanghai aluminum was 4,602 lots, down 10,019 lots from August 15 [15]. - **Spot Market**: As of August 21, 2025, the alumina spot price in Henan, Shanxi, and Guiyang regions decreased slightly. The national average price of cast aluminum alloy (ADC12) was 20,450 yuan/ton, up 0.49% from August 15. The spot price of A00 aluminum ingot was 20,750 yuan/ton, up 0.34% from August 15, and the spot premium was 30 yuan/ton, up 30 yuan/ton from the previous week [22][23][27]. 3.3 Industry Situation - **Inventory**: As of August 21, 2025, the LME electrolytic aluminum inventory was 479,525 tons, down 0.03% from August 14; the SHFE electrolytic aluminum inventory was 120,653 tons, up 6.2% from the previous week; the domestic electrolytic aluminum social inventory was 540,000 tons, up 2.66% from August 14 [32]. - **Raw Material Import and Inventory**: As of the latest data, the nine - port inventory of domestic bauxite was 27.7 million tons, a month - on - month increase of 220,000 tons. In July 2025, the monthly import of bauxite was 20.063 million tons, a month - on - month increase of 10.75% and a year - on - year increase of 34.22% [35]. - **Waste Aluminum**: As of the latest data this week, the price of crushed waste aluminum in Shandong region was 15,800 yuan/ton, a week - on - week decrease of 100 yuan/ton. In July 2025, the import volume of waste aluminum and scrap was 160,494.61 tons, a year - on - year increase of 18.68%; the export volume was 79.39 tons, a year - on - year increase of 50.91% [41]. - **Alumina**: In July 2025, the alumina output was 7.5649 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 4.6%; the cumulative output from January to July was 52.6721 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 8.5%. The import volume was 125,900 tons, a month - on - month increase of 24.35% and a year - on - year increase of 78.23%; the export volume was 230,000 tons, a month - on - month increase of 35.29% and a year - on - year increase of 53.33% [44]. - **Electrolytic Aluminum**: In July 2025, the electrolytic aluminum output was 3.78 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 0.6%; the cumulative output from January to July was 26.38 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 2.8%. The import volume was 248,200 tons, a year - on - year increase of 91.19%; the cumulative import from January to July was 1.4975 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 11% [47][51]. - **Aluminum Products**: In July 2025, the output of aluminum products was 5.4837 million tons, a year - on - year decrease of 1.6%; the cumulative output from January to July was 38.4699 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 0.8%. The import volume was 360,000 tons, a year - on - year increase of 38.2%; the export volume was 540,000 tons, a year - on - year decrease of 7.6% [55]. - **Cast Aluminum Alloy**: In June 2025, the monthly built - in production capacity of recycled aluminum alloy was 1.26 million tons, a month - on - month decrease of 0.87% and a year - on - year increase of 19.22%. The output was 618,900 tons, a month - on - month increase of 0.48 and a year - on - year increase of 5.49% [58]. - **Aluminum Alloy**: In July 2025, the aluminum alloy output was 1.536 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 10.7%; the cumulative output from January to July was 10.628 million tons. The import volume was 69,200 tons, a year - on - year decrease of 28.39%; the export volume was 24,900 tons, a year - on - year increase of 38.3% [61]. - **Related Industries**: In July 2025, the real estate development sentiment index was 93.34, a decrease of 0.25 from the previous month and an increase of 1.23 from the same period last year. From January to July 2024, the new housing construction area was 352.06 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 19.5%; the housing completion area was 250.34 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 21.19%. From January to July 2024, the infrastructure investment increased by 7.29% year - on - year. In July 2025, the Chinese automobile sales volume was 2,593,410 units, a year - on - year increase of 14.66%; the automobile production volume was 2,591,084 units, a year - on - year increase of 13.33% [64][67]. 3.4 Option Market Analysis - Given that the aluminum price is expected to experience slight oscillatory pressure in the future, a double - selling strategy can be considered to short the volatility [72].
新能源及有色金属日报:海外氧化铝价格同步出现松动-20250820
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-08-20 05:18
Report Industry Investment Ratings - Aluminum: Cautiously bullish [9] - Alumina: Cautiously bearish [9] - Aluminum alloy: Cautiously bullish [9] Core Viewpoints - For electrolytic aluminum, although the supply has a slight increase with limited impact and the consumption is in the seasonal off - peak but shows signs of improvement, the long - term supply is restricted and the consumption peak season can be expected [6] - For alumina, the spot supply is becoming looser, the risk of cornering the market is reduced, and the ore price is difficult to rise due to the expected surplus and high inventory. The supply is increasing, and the situation of tight supply in the south and loose supply in the north will continue [6][7] - For aluminum alloy, the price spread and smelting profit show a seasonal repair trend, and the spread arbitrage of the 11 - contract can be concerned [8] Summary by Relevant Content 1. Aluminum Spot - East China A00 aluminum price is 20,590 yuan/ton, with a change of 40 yuan/ton from the previous trading day; the spot premium is - 20 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous trading day [1] - Central Plains A00 aluminum price is 20,490 yuan/ton, the spot premium changes by 10 yuan/ton to - 120 yuan/ton [1] - Foshan A00 aluminum price is 20,550 yuan/ton, with a change of 50 yuan/ton from the previous trading day; the spot premium changes by 10 yuan/ton to - 55 yuan/ton [1] 2. Aluminum Futures - On August 19, 2025, the main contract of Shanghai aluminum opened at 20,580 yuan/ton, closed at 20,545 yuan/ton, with a change of - 40 yuan/ton from the previous trading day. The highest price was 20,620 yuan/ton, and the lowest was 20,535 yuan/ton. The trading volume was 105,187 lots, and the open interest was 234,699 lots [2] 3. Aluminum Inventory - As of August 19, 2025, the domestic social inventory of electrolytic aluminum ingots was 607,000 tons, with a change of 1.9 tons from the previous period; the warrant inventory was 65,467 tons, with a change of - 25 tons from the previous trading day; the LME aluminum inventory was 479,525 tons, unchanged from the previous trading day [2] 4. Alumina Spot Price - On August 19, 2025, the SMM alumina price in Shanxi was 3,225 yuan/ton, in Shandong was 3,210 yuan/ton, in Henan was 3,225 yuan/ton, in Guangxi was 3,325 yuan/ton, in Guizhou was 3,340 yuan/ton, and the FOB price of Australian alumina was 370 US dollars/ton [2] 5. Alumina Futures - On August 19, 2025, the main contract of alumina opened at 3,178 yuan/ton, closed at 3,120 yuan/ton, with a change of - 79 yuan/ton from the previous trading day's closing price, a change of - 2.47%. The highest price was 3,187 yuan/ton, and the lowest was 3,116 yuan/ton. The trading volume was 273,457 lots, and the open interest was 192,727 lots [2] 6. Aluminum Alloy Price - On August 19, 2025, the purchase price of Baotai civil raw aluminum was 15,500 yuan/ton, and the purchase price of mechanical raw aluminum was 15,600 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous day. The Baotai quotation of ADC12 was 19,900 yuan/ton, unchanged from the previous day [3] 7. Aluminum Alloy Inventory - The social inventory of aluminum alloy was 49,400 tons, and the in - plant inventory was 60,600 tons [4] 8. Aluminum Alloy Cost and Profit - The theoretical total cost was 20,112 yuan/ton, and the theoretical profit was - 112 yuan/ton [5] 9. Market Analysis - **Electrolytic aluminum**: The supply has a slight increase with limited impact. Consumption is in the off - peak season but shows improvement. The aluminum rod output increases and the inventory decreases. Although the social inventory of aluminum ingots is increasing, the consumption is changing from the off - peak to the peak season, and the downward space of aluminum price is limited [6] - **Alumina**: In East Australia, 30,000 tons were traded at FOB 369 US dollars/ton, down 5 US dollars/ton from a week ago. The warrant inventory increases rapidly, reducing the risk of cornering the market. The ore price is difficult to rise due to the expected surplus and high inventory. The smelting profit exists, and the supply is increasing [6] - **Aluminum alloy**: The price spread of AD2511 - AL2511 contract is - 405 yuan/ton. The price spread in the spot market and the smelting profit of aluminum alloy enterprises show a seasonal repair trend, and the spread arbitrage of the 11 - contract can be concerned [8] 10. Strategy - **Unilateral**: Aluminum: Cautiously bullish; Alumina: Cautiously bearish; Aluminum alloy: Cautiously bullish [9] - **Arbitrage**: Shanghai aluminum positive spread arbitrage, long AD11 and short AL11 [9]
天山铝业:实际控制人曾超懿解除质押718.8万股
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-08-19 08:24
Group 1 - The core revenue composition of Tianshan Aluminum for the year 2024 is 100% from the aluminum industry [1] Group 2 - Tianshan Aluminum announced on August 19 that its shareholder and actual controller, Zeng Chaoyi, has released the pledge on 7.188 million shares [3] - As of the announcement date, Shihezi Jinlong Energy Industry Chain Co., Ltd. has pledged a total of 370 million shares, accounting for 40.54% of its holdings [3] - Shihezi Jinhui Energy Investment Co., Ltd. has pledged approximately 173 million shares, accounting for 50% of its holdings [3] - Zeng Chaoyi has pledged approximately 143 million shares, accounting for 36.39% of his holdings [3] - Zeng Chaolin has pledged approximately 137 million shares, accounting for 45.42% of his holdings [3]
大越期货沪铝早报-20250819
Da Yue Qi Huo· 2025-08-19 01:42
Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints of the Report - The fundamentals of aluminum are neutral due to carbon neutrality controlling capacity expansion, weak downstream demand, and a soft real - estate market with volatile short - term macro sentiment. The basis shows a neutral situation with a spot price of 20550 and a basis of - 45, indicating a discount to the futures. The inventory on the Shanghai Futures Exchange increased by 7093 tons to 120653 tons, also neutral. The closing price is below the 20 - day moving average which is downward, suggesting a bearish trend. The main position is net long and the long position is increasing, showing a bullish sign. In the long - term, carbon neutrality will drive changes in the aluminum industry and benefit aluminum prices, but the US expanding steel and aluminum tariffs creates a situation where bullish and bearish factors are intertwined, leading to an oscillating aluminum price [2]. Summary by Related Catalogs Daily View - The fundamentals of aluminum are neutral, with carbon neutrality curbing capacity expansion, weak downstream demand, and a soft real - estate market and volatile macro sentiment. The basis is neutral with a spot price of 20550 and a basis of - 45. The inventory on the Shanghai Futures Exchange increased by 7093 tons to 120653 tons. The closing price is below the 20 - day moving average which is downward. The main position is net long and the long position is increasing. In the long - term, carbon neutrality is positive for aluminum prices, but the US tariff expansion creates a mixed situation and the aluminum price will oscillate [2]. Recent利多利空Analysis - **Likely Positive Factors**: Carbon neutrality controls capacity expansion; the Russia - Ukraine geopolitical situation affects Russian aluminum supply; interest rate cuts [3]. - **Likely Negative Factors**: The global economy is not optimistic and high aluminum prices will suppress downstream consumption; the export tax rebate for aluminum products has been cancelled [3]. - **Logic**: There is a game between interest rate cuts and weak demand [3]. Daily Summary - **Spot Price**: Yesterday's Shanghai spot price was 70770, down 375; Nanchu's price was 70690, down 450; today's Yangtze River price was 70870, down 400 [4]. - **Inventory**: The LME inventory decreased by 425 tons to 74750 tons, and the SHFE inventory increased by 29728 tons to 136300 tons [4]. Supply - Demand Balance - The supply - demand balance of aluminum in China from 2018 - 2024 shows different situations. In 2018, the supply - demand balance was - 47.61 million tons; in 2019, it was - 68.61 million tons; in 2020, it was 1.3 million tons; in 2021, it was - 14.2 million tons; in 2022, it was - 29.98 million tons; in 2023, it was - 4.31 million tons; and in 2024, it is expected to be 15 million tons [20][22].