原文发表于《科技导报》2025年第16期科技新闻-深度报道 此项更正同样不大可能平息围绕微软赞助的马约拉纳研究的广泛争议，微软已向该领域投入逾10亿美元资金。2025年2月，当微软宣布其号称全球首款基 于马约拉纳的量子处理芯片时，不仅遭到独立专家的质疑，更引来一群坚定批评者的彻底蔑视。美国马里兰大学凝聚态理论家Jay Sau表示："这是科学、 社交媒体和企业相互交织下过度狂热的产物。毫无疑问，所有这些争议已让'马约拉纳'这个词笼罩在有毒的阴云之中。" 与必须设置为0或1的经典比特不同，量子比特可以处于0和1状态共存的"叠加态"。理论上，利用这种特性的设备可以在某些领域（如密码破译和高级化学 模拟）超越经典计算机。 但量子比特本身非常脆弱，任何微小干扰都可能使其精心构建的叠加态坍缩。这正是微软等机构致力于开发拓扑量子比特的原因，该技术通过空间分布量 子态来抵御局部噪声干扰。例如，若研究人员能在超细纳米线的原子晶格内以特定方式排列电子和带正电的"空穴"，单个电子会呈现被撕裂成两半的状 态，并分别向导线两端移动。这种分裂效应应能使这些半电子量子比特表现出自身反粒子的特性（该特性以20世纪初意大利物理学家Ettore ...

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" outlines 102 major engineering projects aimed at meeting national needs and public expectations, with significant progress reported and completion expected by year-end [1] Group 1: Major Engineering Projects - The 102 major engineering projects are transforming daily life, with significant advancements in transportation, water conservancy, technology innovation, and ecological construction [2][3] - The Baotou to Yinchuan high-speed railway is set to reduce travel time from 6 hours to under 3 hours, with full operation expected soon [2] - The first phase of the "Yinhan Jihua" water diversion project is supplying half of Xi'an's daily water needs, with the second phase projected to provide an annual water supply of 1 billion cubic meters [2] Group 2: Technological and Ecological Advances - Major technological breakthroughs include the successful landing of the "Zhurong" Mars rover and advancements in quantum computing and nuclear fusion [3] - Ecological initiatives such as the "Three North" project and desertification control efforts are making significant strides in environmental protection [3] Group 3: Future Planning and Coordination - Local and national authorities are actively working to ensure the successful completion of the 102 major projects, with a focus on enhancing infrastructure and boosting domestic demand [4] - The National Development and Reform Commission plans to strengthen inter-departmental collaboration and prepare for the "15th Five-Year Plan," which will continue to focus on high-quality development and innovation [4]

（文章来源：每日经济新闻） 每经AI快讯，美股量子计算、存储概念股盘前走高，LAES、IONQ、RGTI涨超3%；西部数据涨超 4%，SanDisk Corp涨近3%，希捷科技涨近2%。 ...

中国首家量子计算公司 ， 启动 IPO 了。 9 月，安徽证监局披露的辅导备案信息显示，本源量子已正式开启上市进程，辅导机构为中信建投。 | | | 这家 2017 年诞生于合肥高新区的企业，团队技术源自中科院量子信息重点实验室，如今带着自主研发的 " 本源 悟空 " 超导量子计算机冲击科创板，成为国内量子计算产业化的探路者 之一 。 作为合肥第三家开启 IPO 的量子科技企业（前两家为国盾量子、国仪量子） ， 本源量子的上市动作并非孤立事 件。 如果我们把目光放大到整个量子计算领域，就会发现， 就在其辅导备案前一周，英伟达旗下 NVentures 连续出 手，一周内投资离子阱路线的 Quantinuum 、中性原子路线的 QuEra 、光量子路线的 PsiQuantum 三家企业。 巨头与独角兽的动作形成共振，指向同一个结论：量子计算已从实验室走向产业战场，而合肥正站在这场竞赛的核 心位置。 01 英伟达全路线押注，量子赛道成下一个算力蓝海 9 月 9 日，加持中性原子赛道的 QuEraB 轮融资； 最近一段时间 ，英伟达在量子领域的投资密度刷新行业认知。 来看几则动态： 9 月 4 日，英伟达参与霍尼韦尔 ...

Core Insights - The Tokyo University of Science team has made significant advancements in quantum error correction technology by developing an efficient and scalable quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) error-correcting code that maintains high stability in systems with hundreds of thousands of logical qubits, approaching theoretical limits [1][2] - This breakthrough provides crucial technical support for achieving large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing, potentially accelerating practical applications in quantum chemistry, cryptanalysis, and complex optimization [1] Group 1 - The current quantum computers can manipulate dozens of qubits, but solving real-world problems often requires millions of stable and reliable logical qubits [1] - Existing quantum error correction methods generally suffer from high resource consumption and low efficiency, requiring many physical qubits to encode a small number of logical qubits, which severely limits system scalability [1] - Many existing error correction codes have low coding rates and limited performance improvement potential, with significant gaps remaining from the theoretical optimal error correction limit known as the hashing bound [1] Group 2 - The team successfully overcame these challenges by proposing a new construction method that designs prototype LDPC codes with excellent error correction characteristics and introduces affine arrangement-based techniques to enhance code structure diversity [2] - Unlike traditional LDPC codes defined over binary finite fields, the new approach uses non-binary finite fields, allowing each encoding unit to carry more information and thus improving overall error correction capability [2] - The team transformed these prototype codes into a CSS-type quantum error correction code and developed an efficient joint decoding strategy that can simultaneously handle bit-flip and phase-flip errors, unlike most previous methods that could only correct one type at a time [2] Group 3 - Through large-scale numerical simulations, the new error correction code achieves a bit error rate of 10^-4 in systems with hundreds of thousands of logical qubits, with performance very close to the hashing bound [2] - Importantly, the computational complexity required for decoding is proportional to the number of physical qubits, meaning that as system size increases, the resource overhead grows linearly, indicating good engineering feasibility [2]

Core Viewpoint - Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) updated the "final user list" on September 29, adding multiple Chinese companies while removing two previously listed companies [1][2]. Group 1: Japan's Export Control Measures - Japan has been tightening export controls on high-end semiconductor manufacturing equipment since 2023, with further restrictions planned for 2025, using the "final user list" as a tool to prevent technology from being used for military purposes [2][3]. - The initial expansion of the list in February included 42 Chinese entities, bringing the total number of affected Chinese companies, research institutions, and organizations to approximately 110, primarily in critical technology sectors such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing [3]. Group 2: China's Response - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce expressed strong opposition to Japan's actions, stating that the listing of Chinese companies lacks factual basis and harms the interests of both countries' enterprises [2][4]. - China welcomed the removal of two companies from the list, viewing it as aligned with mutual interests, and expressed a willingness to enhance communication with Japan to facilitate the removal of more Chinese companies from the list [4].

全球主要科技强国均将量子计算视为未来产业竞争的制高点，纷纷设立专项规划并投入巨额资金，据《报告》统计： 报告分析，全球量子竞争的白热化态势，正通过战略布局、科研产出、技术路线、产业生态和应用探索五大方面全面展开。 一、量子已上升为全球主要国家战略核心 美国：通过《国家量子倡议法案》和后续预算，2019-2025年累计投入逾60亿美元，2025财年仍保持近10亿美元预算。 欧盟：2025年发布《塑造欧洲量子技术战略》及《欧洲量子战略》，覆盖科研、产业化与标准化，目标是全面提升量子领域自主可控能力。 中国：高度重视量子计算战略部署。2025年政府工作报告提出建立未来产业投入增长机制，明确量子科技为重点发展方向。北京、安徽、上海、广东、湖 北等地同步行动，通过设立未来产业基金、科研项目、公共平台等方式推动量子生态发展。 2025年9月，中国信息通信研究院联合产业伙伴发布《量子计算发展态势研究报告（2025年）》。报告指出，量子计算已成为全球科技竞赛的战略焦点， 正处在技术攻坚、应用探索与产业培育"三线并进"的关键期。当前，美国依托《国家量子倡议》持续加码投入，欧盟推出《塑造欧洲量子技术战略》覆盖 科研到产业化的全链 ...

日本东京科学大学团队在量子纠错技术方面取得重要突破：开发出一种高效且可扩展的量子低密度奇偶 校验（LDPC）纠错码，在包含数十万个逻辑量子比特的系统中仍保持极高的稳定性，性能接近理论界 限。这一成果为实现大规模容错量子计算提供了关键技术支撑，有望推动量子计算机在量子化学、密码 分析和复杂优化等领域的实际应用。 目前，量子计算机已能操控数十个量子比特，但要解决具有现实意义的问题，往往需要数百万甚至更多 稳定可靠的逻辑量子比特。由于量子态极为脆弱，易受到环境干扰而产生错误，且错误会随系统规模扩 大而迅速累积，因此必须依赖高效的纠错机制来维持计算的准确性。然而，现有的量子纠错方法普遍存 在资源消耗大、效率低的问题，通常需用大量物理量子比特编码出少量逻辑量子比特，严重制约了系统 的扩展能力。 更深层次的挑战在于，许多现有纠错码存在编码率低、性能提升空间有限等问题。此外，在高精度运行 区域常出现性能停滞，与理论上可达到的最佳纠错极限——即哈希界限，仍有较大差距。同时，多数方 案在完成主解码后还需进行复杂的后续处理，进一步增加了运算负担。 （文章来源：科技日报） 此次团队成功克服了这些难题。他们提出了一种新的构造方法，首 ...

Group 1: Generative AI Developments - DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp introduces Sparse Attention mechanism, significantly improving long text training and inference efficiency without compromising performance [1] - The model is open-sourced on HuggingFace and Modao platforms, with accompanying papers and code released [1] - Official API prices have been reduced by over 50% due to decreased service costs, with V3.1-Terminus interface available until October 15 for comparison [1] Group 2: RoboBrain-X0 Innovations - RoboBrain-X0 achieves zero-shot cross-ontology generalization, allowing deployment on various real robots with just pre-training [2] - The core innovation focuses on learning "what to do" rather than "how to move," standardizing complex actions into token sequences [2] - In real-world cross-ontology evaluations, the overall success rate reached 48.9%, nearly 2.5 times that of the baseline model π0, with a 100% success rate in basic grasping tasks [2] Group 3: 3D Generation Breakthroughs - The 3D-Omni model is the first to unify multiple conditional controls for 3D generation, supporting various control signals [3] - It employs a lightweight unified control encoder and progressive difficulty-aware training strategy for detailed 3D asset generation [3] - The model effectively addresses the "paper object" issue in single-view generation, accurately reconstructing geometric details and proportions [3] Group 4: Quantum Computing Advances - Caltech team sets a new record with a quantum bit array of 6100 qubits, achieving a coherence time of 13 seconds and a single-qubit control precision of 99.98% [6] - The team utilized optical tweezers to capture atoms and move qubits while maintaining superposition, highlighting the advantages of neutral atom systems over superconducting circuits and ion traps [6] - This achievement balances scale, precision, and coherence, reinforcing neutral atoms as a leading platform for quantum computing, though large-scale error correction demonstrations are still needed for practical applications [6] Group 5: AI Integration Predictions - Julian Schrittwieser from AlphaGo argues against the notion of AI stagnation, emphasizing significant advancements in AI capabilities over recent years [7] - METR research indicates exponential growth in AI abilities, with the latest models capable of autonomously completing tasks over two hours, and a trend of doubling capabilities every seven months [7] - Predictions suggest that by mid-2026, models may autonomously work for eight hours, achieving expert-level performance across multiple industries by the end of the year [7] Group 6: GPU Market Dynamics - The dominance of NVIDIA GPUs is expected to be challenged within 2-3 years as specialized chips for different workloads emerge, shifting the market from a 90% concentration to a more diversified ecosystem [8] - Inference costs have decreased by 100 times and may drop another 10 times, driven by advancements in MoE architecture, model quantization, and collaborative design between algorithms and hardware [8] - AI applications are anticipated to diversify into three categories: traditional chatbots, ultra-low latency scenarios, and large-scale batch processing, with hardware suppliers needing to optimize accordingly [8]

Group 1: Innovation in Pharmaceuticals - China has made significant progress in innovative drug development, with the number of new drug approvals increasing from 4 in 2015 to 37 in 2024, and the proportion of first-in-class drugs rising from 4% to 38% [1] - Despite the advancements, challenges such as lack of original theories and technologies, intense competition, changing international environments, and payment system issues pose risks to sustainable industry growth [1][2] Group 2: Development of eVTOL Industry - The eVTOL industry in China is rapidly developing, currently leading globally, supported by the foundations laid by the aviation and new energy vehicle industries [2] - Key technological challenges include distributed propulsion aerodynamics, high-energy power sources, and safety control in complex environments, with a focus on smart technologies to enable autonomous flight [2] Group 3: Quantum Computing and Technology - The development of quantum technology is highlighted as a path for differentiation, with significant progress in solid-state quantum computing and scientific instrument research [3] - Emphasis is placed on the need for China to strengthen its independent research and development of scientific instruments to become a technological powerhouse [3] Group 4: Brain-Computer Interface Advancements - Brain-computer interfaces are categorized into brain control and brain modulation, with potential applications in aiding patients with movement disorders and treating mental health conditions [3] - Innovative non-invasive techniques are being explored to target specific brain areas for treatment, avoiding the side effects associated with traditional invasive surgeries [3] Group 5: Overall Technological Landscape - The reports from the four academicians reflect China's technological self-reliance and the competitive landscape of global technology [4] - Addressing the challenges is crucial for China to maintain a leading position in disruptive innovation and to secure control over technological advancements [4]