国泰海通证券研报称，中债"熊陡"，美债"牛平"。（1）中债：收益率曲线整体上移，10Y-2Y 期限利差 扩大，呈"熊陡"特征。AAA 级信用债收益率普遍上行，长端信用利差边际扩大。（2）美债：收益率曲 线整体下移，10Y-1Y 期限利差收窄，呈"牛平"特征。鲍威尔在 8 月 22 日杰克逊霍尔经济会议上指出， 经济风险平衡正在变化，借贷成本拖累经济，劳动力市场趋弱，通胀风险可控。这释放出 9 月大概率降 息的信号。 ...

Group 1: Market Performance - A-shares and the ChiNext index led global gains with an increase of 8.6%[27] - The Hang Seng Index rose by 3.0% and the Nikkei 225 increased by 3.7%[27] - Emerging markets, particularly A-shares, outperformed developed markets, with the overall A-share market up by 3.0% last week[31] Group 2: Currency and Commodity Trends - The US dollar index fell by 0.4%, while the euro, pound, and yen appreciated by 0.5%, 0.8%, and 0.4% respectively[5] - Since the beginning of the year, the US dollar index has decreased by 9.8%, with the euro, pound, and yen rising by 13%, 8.3%, and 6.4% respectively[5] - Commodity prices saw a general increase, with the South China and CRB commodity indices both rising by 0.5%[71] Group 3: Bond Market Insights - The yield curve for Chinese bonds exhibited a "bear steepening" pattern, with the 10-year yield rising by 5.7 basis points to 1.75%[45] - The 10-year to 2-year yield spread for US bonds also expanded, indicating a "bear steepening" trend, with the 10-year yield increasing by 6 basis points to 4.33%[50] Group 4: Risk Premium Analysis - The risk premium for the CSI 300 relative to 10-year government bonds decreased to 5.7%, down by 0.14% from the previous value[19] - The risk premium for the S&P 500 relative to 10-year US Treasuries fell to -0.8%, a decrease of 0.10%[19]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent shift in global risk appetite driven by expectations of a change in the Federal Reserve's monetary policy, leading to a rebound in major stock indices and significant movements in commodities and currencies [1][2]. Group 1: Market Performance - Major stock indices globally experienced a rebound, with the Russian RTS index leading gains due to anticipated meetings between US and Russian leaders [2]. - In developed markets, US stocks saw a comprehensive recovery, with the Nasdaq rising by 3.9%, S&P 500 by 2.4%, and Dow Jones by 1.3% [2]. - Emerging markets also showed strong performance, particularly the Russian RTS which increased by 7.9%, and Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh index which surged by 6.0% [2]. Group 2: Bond Market - The Chinese bond market exhibited a "bull steepening" trend, with the yield curve shifting downward and the 10Y-2Y spread widening [3]. - In contrast, the US bond market showed a "bear flattening" characteristic, with the yield curve moving upward and a near 90% probability of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September [3]. Group 3: Commodities and Currencies - Oil prices faced downward pressure due to OPEC+'s decision to significantly increase production in September, reversing previous cuts and alleviating supply concerns [3]. - The British pound strengthened despite the Bank of England's cautious rate cut, as inflation rates rebounded to 3.6% in May and June [3].

Core Insights - The report maintains a bullish outlook on commodities such as copper and gold, anticipating that inflation in the U.S. may enter a sustained upward trajectory, despite limited recession risks in the near term [1][2][3]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Environment Outlook - The U.S. job market is expected to continue a trend of moderate slowdown, with recession risks currently deemed limited. Recent non-farm payroll data for July fell short of expectations, and significant downward revisions for May and June have catalyzed market adjustments regarding economic outlook [1][12]. - The unemployment rate remains stable, and wage growth has exceeded expectations, indicating that the slowdown in the job market may be mild [1][12]. - The ISM manufacturing PMI for July showed a decline, primarily due to a significant drop in supplier delivery times, while new orders and production indicators showed marginal improvement, suggesting that supply chain normalization rather than a sharp decline in demand may be at play [1][17]. Group 2: Inflation and Federal Reserve Policy - Inflation trends are likely to play a crucial role in the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions, with expectations that U.S. inflation may enter a phase of sustained upward surprises [2][18]. - Recent data indicates that the transmission of tariffs to inflation has been weaker than anticipated, but as tariff rates become clearer, the pass-through to consumers may accelerate, increasing the likelihood of inflation exceeding expectations [2][18]. Group 3: Commodity and Asset Allocation Strategy - The report reiterates a positive stance on inflation-hedged commodities, including copper, oil, and gold, in light of resilient U.S. economic conditions and potential inflation surprises [3][18]. - The performance of the asset allocation strategy for July yielded a return of 0.6%, with a one-year return of 9.4% and a maximum drawdown of 2.9%, indicating robust overall performance [4][35]. - The macro scoring model indicates a bullish outlook for A-shares, crude oil, and copper, while suggesting caution regarding domestic bonds due to potential tightening liquidity risks [19][21]. Group 4: Specific Asset Insights - The report maintains a neutral view on U.S. equities, suggesting that the market has not fully priced in the negative effects of tariffs, which may become a focal point in future trading [23]. - The gold market faces short-term constraints due to a reduction in U.S. deficits and slowing central bank purchases, but the medium-term outlook remains positive due to anticipated inflationary pressures [24]. - The crude oil outlook is favorable, with the oil sentiment index rising to 0.61, driven by reduced macro risks and increased inflation expectations [29].

Group 1: Macro Economic Insights - The US non-farm payrolls for July showed a significant drop, with only 73,000 jobs added, far below the expected 110,000, and previous months' data was revised downwards by 258,000 jobs [2][3] - The unemployment rate rose to 4.25%, while hourly wages increased year-on-year to 3.91%, indicating a mixed labor market scenario [2][3] - Market expectations for interest rate cuts have increased, with traders anticipating three cuts totaling 75 basis points by December 2025, reflecting concerns over economic weakness [6][8] Group 2: Chemical Industry Insights - The polyester filament industry is experiencing a concentration of production capacity, with leading companies increasing their market share, resulting in a more orderly supply environment [19][22] - Demand for polyester filament remains stable, with a seasonal uptick expected in the second half of the year as inventory levels are low [20][22] - The cost pressures from raw materials are expected to ease, with oil price fluctuations influencing the cost structure of polyester filament production [21][22] Group 3: Pharmaceutical Industry Insights - The pharmaceutical sector is witnessing a recovery in public fund holdings, with a notable increase in the market value of heavy holdings, indicating a structural rebound [25][28] - Recent policy changes in drug procurement are expected to favor quality over price, potentially stabilizing profit margins for innovative drug and device companies [26][28] - The medical device market is showing signs of recovery, with significant growth in tendering activities, particularly in medical imaging and rehabilitation equipment [27][28] Group 4: North Exchange Market Insights - The North Exchange market has seen a decline in trading activity, with the average daily turnover dropping to approximately 251 billion yuan [31][32] - The overall market valuation remains high, with the North Exchange's price-to-earnings ratio at around 50.9 times, indicating potential for long-term investment value [32][34] - The introduction of new indices and steady progress in IPOs are expected to maintain a high level of market interest and activity [34]

Core Viewpoint - In July 2025, major asset performance was led by the ChiNext Index, followed by oil and the CSI 500, with a general upward trend in risk assets, particularly in Chinese markets, while commodities showed mixed results [1][2][14]. Group 1: Asset Performance - In July, risk assets mostly rose, with Chinese assets leading the way and U.S. stocks reaching new highs, while domestic commodities experienced low-level increases [2][14]. - The performance of commodities was predominantly positive, with oil prices rising due to multiple favorable factors, while copper prices retreated due to lower-than-expected copper tariffs [2][17]. - The three major U.S. stock indices closed higher, with technology stocks showing significant resilience due to strong earnings reports [2][19]. Group 2: Macroeconomic Insights - The macroeconomic landscape in July 2025 was characterized by a divergence between hard and soft data in the U.S., while China's soft data indicated a slowdown [4][62]. - The domestic "stock-bond seesaw" effect deepened, with the total A-share index rising by 4.7% in July, while the yield on 10-year government bonds increased by 5.75 basis points to 1.71% [2][32]. Group 3: Key Drivers of Equity Assets - Future drivers for equity assets may include "profitability and risk appetite," with A-shares needing to respond to fundamental factors such as PPI trends and mid-year earnings [5][62]. - The reduction of uncertainties surrounding U.S.-China tariffs could enhance short-term export certainty, as recent high-level trade talks indicated a potential extension of tariff measures [5][62]. - New technological themes, such as advancements in artificial intelligence, are expected to create investment opportunities [5][62]. Group 4: Market Timing Signals - The M1-BCI-PPI timing system indicated a slight improvement in overall positive signals despite a slowdown in actual GDP growth [6][62]. - The stock-bond valuation ratio showed a return to neutrality, suggesting that while equity assets have lost some advantage, the overall score still leans towards equities [7][62]. Group 5: Sector Performance - In July, over 90% of industries in the domestic market reported positive returns, with growth and cyclical sectors leading the gains, particularly in steel, pharmaceuticals, and construction materials [2][32][44]. - The real estate sector saw a widening year-on-year decline in sales, with second-hand home sales showing more resilience compared to new homes [2][42]. Group 6: Commodity Market Dynamics - The commodity market showed a general upward trend in July, with significant increases in domestic pricing for black metals and polysilicon, while international oil and copper prices exhibited mixed performance [17][62]. - The Brent crude oil futures price increased by 7.3% in July, driven by geopolitical factors and tariff negotiations, although it faced a pullback in early August [17][62].

Core Viewpoint - Under the backdrop of normalized global geopolitical risks, weakened dollar credit system, and rising economic uncertainty, gold has emerged as a "yardstick" for measuring asset value [1] Asset Performance - Since March 2018, only a few cryptocurrencies have recorded positive returns when priced in gold, while other asset classes have generally underperformed [2] - The report highlights that the performance of cryptocurrencies is driven by payment convenience, technological innovation premiums, and supply scarcity, particularly Bitcoin's halving mechanism, which reinforces its "digital gold" status [4] - Equity assets have shown nominal growth but remain weak when priced in gold, primarily relying on liquidity injections, with a peak growth rate of 26.7% in the US M2 money supply [4] - Real estate in the US and India has underperformed relative to gold, despite benefiting from economic resilience and demographic dividends [4] Industry Performance - All major industries have underperformed gold since 2018, but resource sectors and new momentum industries, such as high-dividend coal and banking, have shown relative strength [6] - New momentum industries, represented by electric new energy and TMT, have outperformed traditional sectors like real estate [7] - In the secondary industry, precious metals have been the standout performer since 2018, with emerging technologies like semiconductors outperforming traditional tech [8] Style and Strategy - Small-cap stocks have emerged as the absolute winners, with the micro-cap index outperforming gold since 2018 due to a reverse investment mechanism, low valuations, and liquidity premiums [10][13] - The report indicates that small-cap factors have significantly outperformed gold, while large-cap stocks have lagged, reflecting a preference for emerging small-cap industries [14]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the positioning of the stock market has fundamentally changed, leading to a shift in perception from "A-shares are low Sharpe ratio garbage assets" to a more favorable view of A-shares as high Sharpe assets due to government support [2][3] - The current environment for A-shares has transformed, with the potential for 30% upside and only 15% downside risk, making it a more attractive investment opportunity [2] - The bond market is facing a low interest rate and low volatility environment, prompting institutions to explore new investment strategies such as amortized cost methods for convertible bonds [3] Group 2 - The brokerage industry is experiencing a bifurcation, with larger firms facing challenges due to high personnel costs, while smaller firms are thriving as they retain only sustainable teams [4] - The asset management business for brokerages is not performing well this year, primarily due to a decline in fixed income returns, although firms that have adapted to longer-term investments are faring better [4][7] - Quantitative strategies are identified as a promising segment within the asset management industry, with a strong emphasis on building growth-oriented quantitative teams [7] Group 3 - There are three types of distribution channels for financial products: pure sales channels, tracking channels, and educational channels that require in-depth knowledge of the products [6] - Third-party institutions, particularly e-commerce platforms, are becoming significant players in the distribution of financial products, creating competitive pressure on traditional banks [6][10] - The banking sector is facing challenges due to declining deposit and insurance rates, compounded by a historical shift towards ultra-low interest rates and the need for better asset allocation capabilities among frontline sales [10] Group 4 - The upcoming launch of the first batch of Sci-Tech Bond ETFs, with a total scale close to 30 billion, is a significant event in the bond market [11][13] - The performance of these new ETFs will be closely monitored, particularly in comparison to existing credit bond ETFs, to assess their growth and market impact [13][14] - Recent market movements indicate a divergence in fund flows, with industry ETFs seeing net inflows while broad-based ETFs are experiencing significant outflows, suggesting a shift in investor sentiment [20]

Core Viewpoint - Gold prices have surged over 25% since January 1, 2025, reaching a historic high of $3,500 per ounce, currently fluctuating around $3,300, with differing opinions on whether the gold bull market has ended or will continue to rise [1][4] Group 1: Market Trends and Predictions - Citigroup predicts a decline in gold prices due to reduced investment demand from improved global economic growth and geopolitical tensions easing, forecasting prices to drop to $2,500 to $2,700 per ounce by mid-2026 [1] - Conversely, Goldman Sachs maintains a bullish outlook, projecting gold prices to reach $3,700 per ounce by the end of 2025 [1] - The World Gold Council's survey indicates that 81% of central banks expect to increase their gold holdings in the next 12 months, the highest since the survey began in 2018 [4] - By June 2025, this figure rose to 95%, indicating a strong trend of central banks accumulating gold [4] Group 2: Central Bank Activities - Central banks are projected to purchase a record 1,100 tons of gold in 2024, a 5.8% increase year-on-year, with expectations to exceed 1,250 tons in 2025 [4] - In May 2025, central banks net purchased 20 tons of gold, demonstrating their commitment to gold accumulation despite high prices [5] Group 3: Economic and Geopolitical Factors - The ongoing geopolitical tensions, including conflicts in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine war, contribute to the perception of gold as a safe-haven asset [6][8] - The relationship between gold and the US dollar is shifting, with gold increasingly seen as a hedge against currency devaluation and economic instability [11] Group 4: Investment Opportunities - The current market conditions suggest that it may be a favorable time for investors to consider buying gold, as it serves as a hedge against inflation and economic uncertainty [1][11] - The "golden circulation framework" proposed by Hong Academy emphasizes the importance of monitoring key indicators to assess gold's long-term trends [3]

Group 1 - The first half of 2025 has seen a significant rebalancing of global funds, characterized by a "funding boom and asset scarcity" [2][4] - Gold has emerged as a star asset, with a 26% increase in international spot gold prices, driven by geopolitical conflicts and a weakening dollar [5][37] - The Chinese central bank has increased its gold reserves for seven consecutive months, reaching 73.83 million ounces, indicating a collective move towards "de-dollarization" [5][37] Group 2 - The bond market is experiencing volatility, with U.S. Treasury yields fluctuating above 4.0%, while China's 10-year government bond yields have dropped to a historical low of 1.65% [6][7] - Credit bond ETFs have rapidly gained popularity, with a total market size exceeding 210 billion yuan, reflecting a shift towards stable income assets [8] - The divergence in economic cycles between the U.S. and China is evident, with the U.S. experiencing a slowdown while China is bottoming out [8] Group 3 - The Hong Kong stock market has shown resilience, with the Hang Seng Index leading global markets with a 20.5% increase, supported by liquidity from southbound funds [10] - The A-share market has seen strong sector rotation, particularly in the AI industry and consumer sectors, indicating a lack of a consistent overarching theme [11][15] - The current market is driven by liquidity, with expectations of a stabilization in earnings, suggesting a potential return to value-based investing [15] Group 4 - Three key underlying logics have emerged in the market: the continuous rise of certainty premiums, the revaluation of industrial narratives, and the rebalancing of global asset allocation [16][19] - The demand for certainty is reflected in the strong performance of gold and high-dividend assets, as investors seek visible cash flows amid macro uncertainties [17] - The AI industry is transitioning from concept to performance, with significant growth in cloud business revenues and capital expenditures among leading tech firms [18] Group 5 - The outlook for major asset classes in the second half of 2025 emphasizes the importance of strategic asset allocation amid increasing market volatility [23][24] - A diversified asset allocation strategy is recommended, with a focus on both undervalued, high-dividend value stocks and growth sectors driven by AI [27][28] - The U.S. stock market faces risks from high valuations and downward adjustments in earnings expectations, necessitating caution [32]