日前召开的中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记以"五个必须"概括做好新形势下经济工作新的认识和体会，明确指出"必须以苦练内功来 应对外部挑战"，强调面对国际风云变幻和各种风险挑战，要保持战略定力，坚定不移把自己的事情办好。 当前，我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化，战略机遇和风险挑战并存。面对不确定难预料因素增多，集中精力办好自己的事，提高自身实力 和发展质量，就是最大的确定性。这是我们党成功驾驭中国经济发展大局的重要经验，也是确保"十五五"开好局、起好步的关键所在。 凝聚共识：坚定不移把自己的事情办好 "十四五"收官之际，我国航空制造领域传来好消息： 首台1230吨蒙皮拉伸机通过验收，以0.1毫米级的成型精度，攻克了关键制造装备的"卡脖子"难题，提升了国产大飞机产业链的韧性与竞 争力。 2025年3月5日在中国商飞上海飞机设计研究院拍摄的C919、C929展示样机。新华社记者 刘颖 摄 面对复杂的外部环境和激烈的大国博弈，航空制造业不断攻坚克难，研发、试验、交付、做深做细产业链，提质升级的每一步，正是中国 经济以练内功增定力、强实力的生动写照。 行进在风高浪急的复杂环境中，锚定方向、稳扎稳打，是抵御干扰、把握主动的关 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the emergence of high-performance computing clusters, specifically the scaleX ultra-cluster developed by Sugon, which integrates 16 scaleX640 supernodes to achieve over 5 EFlops of computing power, marking a significant advancement in domestic AI computing infrastructure [4][5]. Group 1: Ultra-Cluster Development - The scaleX ultra-cluster is the world's first single-cabinet 640-card supernode, utilizing advanced technologies such as high-density blade servers and immersion cooling, resulting in a 20-fold increase in computing density and a PUE value as low as 1.04 [1][4]. - The scaleX ultra-cluster represents a shift from traditional scattered server deployments to a more integrated and efficient computing unit, showcasing the progress of domestic computing infrastructure from conceptual designs to tangible products [1][5]. Group 2: Demand for Computing Power - As mainstream AI models transition from hundreds of billions to trillions of parameters, the demand for computing power has surged, necessitating the development of EFLOPS-level and ten-thousand-card high-performance clusters as standard configurations for large models [2][3]. - The supernode architecture is becoming a preferred choice for new ten-thousand-card clusters due to its density and performance advantages, allowing for significant optimization in computing capabilities [3]. Group 3: Networking and Scalability - The scaleX ultra-cluster employs the scaleFabric high-speed network, which utilizes the first domestic 400G-class InfiniBand RDMA network cards, achieving 400 Gb/s bandwidth and under 1 microsecond communication latency, enhancing scalability to over 100,000 cards [7]. - The architecture allows for both Scale-up (vertical expansion) and Scale-out (horizontal expansion), addressing traditional communication bottlenecks and enabling the construction of large-scale intelligent computing clusters [6]. Group 4: Challenges and Considerations - The deployment of supernodes introduces systemic challenges, including heat dissipation from numerous chips, stability issues from mixed optical and copper interconnects, and reliability concerns from long-term operation of multiple components [8]. - As the scale of intelligent computing clusters expands, key challenges include ensuring scalability, reliability, and energy efficiency, necessitating breakthroughs in power supply technology and advanced software management for sustainable operation [8].

Core Insights - The launch of the scaleX万卡超集群 marks the first physical appearance of a domestic万卡级 AI cluster system in China, showcasing significant advancements in AI computing capabilities [1][3] - The scaleX640 super node, part of the scaleX万卡超集群, integrates 16 super nodes and achieves a total computing power exceeding 5 EFLOPS, highlighting the growing demand for high-performance computing in AI applications [3][5] - The industry is transitioning from traditional server architectures to super node designs, which offer higher density and performance, becoming the preferred architecture for new万卡级 clusters [2][5] Company Developments - 中科曙光's scaleX640 super node is recognized as the world's first single cabinet-level 640-card super node, emphasizing the company's leadership in high-density computing solutions [2][3] - The scaleX万卡超集群 utilizes the scaleFabric high-speed network, which can achieve 400Gb/s bandwidth and less than 1 microsecond communication latency, significantly enhancing inter-node communication efficiency [7][8] - The company is addressing challenges related to system cooling, stability, and reliability as it scales up its super node architecture to meet the increasing demands of AI workloads [6][8] Industry Trends - The demand for computing power is rapidly increasing as AI models evolve from hundreds of billions to trillions of parameters, necessitating the development of万卡级 and beyond computing clusters [1][5] - Major international players like Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI are also investing in the construction of 100,000-card clusters, indicating a global trend towards larger-scale AI computing infrastructures [6] - The industry is facing critical challenges in scalability, reliability, and energy efficiency as computing centers grow from megawatt to gigawatt levels, necessitating innovative power supply technologies and advanced management software [8]

Core Viewpoint - The 27th China International High-Tech Achievements Fair showcased over 5,000 cutting-edge results, with more than 170 billion yuan in intended transactions and financing, highlighting China's vibrant technological innovation and its integration into the global innovation network [3][5][19]. Group 1: Technological Innovations - The fair featured advanced technologies such as a bionic drone capable of navigating obstacles autonomously, showcasing China's progress towards self-reliance in technology [3][6]. - Significant displays included CNOOC's first cylindrical floating production storage and offloading unit and CGN's third-generation nuclear power technology, both demonstrating China's capabilities in deep-sea energy development and nuclear technology [3][5]. - Huawei's Ascend 384 super node and Zhejiang Qiang Brain Technology's non-invasive brain-machine interface were highlighted as breakthroughs in computing power and brain-computer interaction [5][6]. Group 2: Growth and Scale of the Fair - The exhibition area expanded from 20,000 square meters in its inaugural year to 400,000 square meters, with over 90% of exhibits being high-tech products, and more than 20% being debut displays [8][19]. - The fair has evolved from 2,856 exhibitors in 1999 to over 5,000 in the current edition, reflecting its growing significance as a platform for technological exchange [8][19]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The fair attracted over 120 countries and regions, showcasing its role as a platform for global technological exchange and collaboration [9][10]. - Companies like Remote and Hansa Fluid Technology participated to explore opportunities in the Chinese market, indicating a strong interest from international firms in China's innovation landscape [10][14]. Group 4: Economic Impact - The fair facilitated 1,023 supply-demand matches and financing projects, with intended transaction amounts exceeding 170 billion yuan, underscoring its role in driving economic growth through technology [19][22]. - The event has historically been a launchpad for major tech companies, contributing to the emergence of firms like Tencent and BYD, and continues to influence the trajectory of China's tech industry [17][22]. Group 5: Ecosystem Development - The fair promotes a comprehensive innovation ecosystem that integrates government, industry, academia, research, and investment, facilitating the entire chain from technology development to industrial application [22]. - The establishment of strategic emerging industry clusters in regions like Bao'an District, with significant output values, illustrates the fair's impact on local economic development [22].

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence with the real economy is accelerating, with computing power being a crucial component of new productive forces, driving industrial upgrades [1][6] - Domestic companies are adopting a dual-track development model of "open collaboration" and "full-stack ecosystem" to break single technology dependencies and build a diverse technology-driven ecosystem [1][7] Group 1: Technological Breakthroughs - The Chinese government's 20th Central Committee has set a clear direction for domestic computing power development, emphasizing the need for innovation in AI and digital technologies [1] - At the Changsha World Computing Conference, the scaleX640 supernode showcased by Inspur demonstrated significant advancements in computing power, achieving a 30%-40% performance improvement for trillion-parameter model training compared to traditional solutions [3][6] Group 2: Market Demand and Growth - The global demand for computing power is surging, with the AI computing power market expected to reach 141.98 billion yuan in 2024 and nearly 1.344 trillion yuan by 2031, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 37.3% [6] - Traditional computing architectures face challenges such as insufficient computing power, slow data transmission, high energy costs, and instability, which are significant barriers to digital transformation for many companies [6] Group 3: Industry Strategies - Leading domestic companies are exploring differentiated paths to address the growing computing power demand and systemic technological bottlenecks, with Inspur's open architecture and Huawei's full-stack solution representing two distinct approaches [7] - The collaboration between Inspur and over 20 upstream and downstream companies aims to establish an open and inclusive AI computing industry ecosystem, highlighting the trend towards diversified technological routes in the market [7]

Core Viewpoint - The theme of the "2025 China Mobile Global Partner Conference" is "Carbon-Silicon Symbiosis and Co-creation in the AI+ Era," emphasizing the integration of AI technology and economic benefits to drive this trend forward [2][13]. Group 1: AI and Carbon-Silicon Symbiosis - China Mobile plans to double its overall investment in artificial intelligence by the end of 2028, indicating a strong commitment to AI development [2][13]. - The company aims to explore the construction of a 100,000-card intelligent computing cluster, targeting a national intelligent computing scale exceeding 100 EFLOPS [13][14]. - The integration of AI with various sectors is expected to enhance the efficiency and capabilities of smart terminals, smart connected vehicles, and intelligent robots, with a goal of exceeding ten million units shipped [18][19]. Group 2: Robotics and Industry Trends - The robotics industry in China is experiencing rapid growth, with significant technological advancements observed globally [5]. - Challenges remain in both household and industrial applications of robotics, particularly in achieving higher efficiency and lower costs compared to human labor [5][12]. - A notable collaboration between Yushu Technology and Zhiyuan Robotics resulted in a 124 million yuan order from China Mobile, highlighting the commercial potential in the robotics sector [9]. Group 3: Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations - Major partners of China Mobile, including Huawei, ZTE, Intel, and Alibaba, showcased their latest technologies and solutions at the conference, indicating a robust ecosystem of collaboration [3][15]. - Intel and China Mobile's partnership aims to enhance sports viewing experiences through AI-driven technologies, showcasing the integration of content and hardware [22][23]. - The conference highlighted the importance of continuous collaboration with industry partners to drive the development of "5G+" technologies, with over 2.65 million 5G base stations already established [25].

Core Insights - Chinese AI startups are rapidly capturing global market share with innovative products like smart recording devices and AI toys, while also expanding into overseas markets with technologies like Robotaxi [1][4]. Industry Overview - The efficiency of China's manufacturing supply chain, rapid AI iteration, and keen product awareness are driving competitive advantages for domestic companies [2][6]. - The AI hardware sector is experiencing a wave of innovation, with companies like Plaud.AI achieving significant sales milestones and funding rounds for AI toy startups [3][5]. Market Dynamics - The emergence of AI hardware is not just a product innovation race but a transformation of the industrial paradigm, shifting from "cost-effectiveness" to "intelligence" [5][7]. - Chinese companies are leveraging their technological capabilities to redefine standards in new hardware, moving beyond simple manufacturing to creating advanced solutions [4][6]. Technological Advancements - The integration of AI and manufacturing is leading to a new generation of AI hardware products, supported by a robust domestic supply chain that enhances product development speed and market responsiveness [6][7]. - The domestic AI chip industry is witnessing significant growth, with several companies preparing for IPOs and reporting substantial business orders, indicating a shift from experimental products to commercially viable solutions [8][11]. Ecosystem Collaboration - The collaboration among various stakeholders in the AI ecosystem is crucial for overcoming challenges in computing power and establishing a unified architecture for AI applications [14][16]. - Companies are focusing on building open systems and protocols to enhance interoperability and efficiency in AI computing, which is essential for scaling operations [15][16]. Future Outlook - The convergence of capital investment and technological breakthroughs is expected to solidify China's position in the global AI landscape, transitioning from a follower to a leader in AI innovation [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the evaluation of large models in the AI era should not be based solely on usage rates and traffic, but rather on the depth of technological accumulation and ecological collaboration [1][2]. Group 1: Transition in Evaluation Criteria - The shift from "traffic supremacy" to "technology victory" reflects a fundamental change in the logic of competition in the AI era [1]. - In the internet age, product competition was driven by quick user acquisition and traffic accumulation, but large model competition is fundamentally different, focusing on hard technology metrics and model performance [1][2]. Group 2: Ecosystem Development - DeepSeek has established a vast ecological network by integrating with various cloud service providers, search platforms, smart terminals, and industry applications, which enhances its strategic value beyond mere usage rates [2]. - The open API and training framework of DeepSeek allow developers to quickly build vertical applications, fostering a win-win situation and leading to a surge of AI applications across various industries [2]. Group 3: Future Innovations - The upcoming DeepSeek-R2 is expected to feature a collaborative optimization design of "model + hardware," indicating a shift towards parallel development of software and hardware for large models [2]. - Breakthroughs in hardware, such as Huawei's Ascend 384 super nodes and Shanghai AILab system platform, are laying a solid foundation for the next generation of AI systems [2]. Group 4: Long-term Focus - The article warns against the "traffic anxiety" and "hit mentality" that can hinder innovation in the high-cost, rapidly evolving AI landscape, advocating for a focus on deep technological development and ecosystem building [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the artificial intelligence (AI) industry is expected to continue its development trend and market performance, with specific sectors such as smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, smart education, low-altitude economy, AI+ finance, and AI+ energy likely to benefit first [1][2] - In July, the AI sector index (884201.WI) increased by 5.37%, outperforming the Shanghai Composite Index, which rose by 3.74%, and the CSI 300, which rose by 3.54%. The ChiNext Index saw an increase of 8.14%. The trading volume for the AI sector reached 1.366 trillion yuan, a month-on-month increase of 38.81% [1] - The "Artificial Intelligence+" action plan was approved, aiming to accelerate the commercialization of AI applications and leverage China's complete industrial system, large market scale, and rich application scenarios [2] Group 2 - Huawei's Ascend 384 SuperNode was showcased at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC), marking a turning point for domestic computing power. This system consists of 16 units, with 12 for computing and 4 for communication, achieving low-latency interconnection through a high-speed bus [3] - The Ascend 384 SuperNode's bus technology addresses communication bottlenecks within the cluster, providing new insights for the development of domestic computing power and narrowing the gap with chip giants like NVIDIA [3]

Core Viewpoint - The incident surrounding Nvidia's H20 chip highlights the dependency risks in China's core technology sectors and may accelerate the domestic chip industry's push for self-innovation [2][7]. Group 1: Nvidia's H20 Chip Situation - Nvidia's H20 chip, designed for AI acceleration in compliance with U.S. export restrictions, has faced significant challenges in the Chinese market, including a ban that resulted in over $1 billion in quarterly revenue loss [3][4]. - Following the approval of export licenses by the U.S. government, Nvidia's stock saw a brief uptick, but the subsequent security concerns led to renewed scrutiny from China's internet regulator [4][5]. - Nvidia has firmly denied the existence of backdoors or monitoring software in its chips, emphasizing the importance of building trustworthy systems [5][6]. Group 2: Domestic Industry Response - The H20 chip's security issues have prompted domestic companies to increase their testing and application of local chip alternatives, recognizing the importance of self-reliance in core technologies [7][9]. - Domestic chip manufacturers are rapidly developing competitive alternatives, with notable advancements in performance and capabilities [8][9]. - The incident has created a significant opportunity for domestic GPU solutions in data centers and AI training, potentially reshaping the market landscape [9].