日经BP . 日经BP成立于1969年4月, 隶属于日本经济新闻社集团。作为日本领先的B2B媒体公司，我们聚焦"经营 管理"、"专业技术"及"生活时尚"三大主要领域，满足客户多元化的需求。 编者荐语： 日经中文网"开设了"日经BP精选"栏目。日经BP是日本经济新闻社媒体集团的一员，成立于1969年。作 为日本领先的B2B媒体公司，聚焦经营管理、专业技术及生活时尚三大主要领域。敬请读者关注。 以下文章来源于日经BP ，作者日经BP 阿斯麦总部位于荷兰南部费尔德霍芬（图片：日经XTECH） 世界最大的半导体制造设备企业荷兰阿斯麦控股（ASML Holdings）是AI时代具有代表性的欧洲企 业。阿斯麦是全球唯一成功开发出用于制造最先进半导体的极紫外（EUV）光刻机的企业，这类设备 对于像美国英伟达（NVIDIA）生产GPU（图形处理器）等最尖端芯片不可或缺。在半导体光刻机领 域，阿斯麦掌握9成的份额，总市值目前位列欧洲第三。我们通过对总部的独家采访，深入探访了其强 大实力的秘诀。 光刻原理"与40年前相同" 作为阿斯麦最初产品的g/h线光刻机"PAS-2000"（图片：日经XTECH） "这台设备就是我们的起点" ...

Core Viewpoint - Rapidus, Japan's cutting-edge semiconductor foundry, has entered the trial operation phase before mass production, but concerns remain about its ability to secure strong customers and achieve profitability [1][2]. Group 1: Company Overview - Rapidus has successfully initiated the operation of the advanced EUV lithography machine, which is crucial for its production goals [2]. - The company aims to start formal production by 2027, but the ability to achieve a yield rate of over 70% is uncertain [2]. - There is a lack of enthusiasm from private enterprises regarding investment in Rapidus, indicating a reliance on continued government support [2][3]. Group 2: Market Context - The success of Rapidus hinges on its ability to attract customers, particularly in Japan, as it competes with TSMC, which has a strong client base including major companies like Apple and Nvidia [3]. - Rapidus has signed memorandums with several powerful companies, including NTT Group, to produce chips for next-generation communication infrastructure [3]. - The semiconductor industry operates on a virtuous cycle, where the number and quality of customers directly impact product excellence and innovation [3][4]. Group 3: Industry Dynamics - The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapid advancements, as indicated by Moore's Law, which predicts that the number of transistors on a chip will double approximately every two years [4]. - Japan's semiconductor industry has faced challenges, including a trade deficit in digital products since the 2010s, leading to a decline in its once-dominant position [5]. - The establishment of Rapidus is seen as an attempt to restore the connection between semiconductor manufacturing and the broader digital product market in Japan [5].

Core Viewpoint - ASML's inability to confirm growth for 2026 has led to an 11% drop in its stock price, resulting in a market value loss of over $30 billion, signaling potential challenges for the semiconductor and AI sectors [1][2][3]. Group 1: Company Performance - ASML reported strong second-quarter earnings with revenue and net profit exceeding expectations, and an order volume of $6.4 billion [1]. - Despite the strong performance, CEO Christophe Fouquet expressed uncertainty about future growth due to macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, particularly new tariff threats [1][5]. Group 2: Market Implications - The warning from ASML may indicate a peak in the AI and semiconductor supercycle, suggesting a potential downturn or volatility ahead [2][3]. - ASML is the sole supplier of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography machines, crucial for producing advanced semiconductors used in AI accelerators and data center chips [3][4]. Group 3: Factors Affecting Growth Outlook - Uncertainty surrounding tariffs, particularly a potential 30% tariff on European semiconductor equipment, is causing anxiety among ASML's customers, leading to delayed investment decisions [5]. - Ongoing trade disputes and export controls, especially involving China and the U.S., complicate demand forecasting for ASML [5]. Group 4: Market Reaction - The market reacted sharply to ASML's news, with an 11% drop in stock price, marking the largest single-day decline since October 2024 [6]. - The sell-off affected the broader European tech sector and impacted U.S. semiconductor equipment companies like Lam Research and Applied Materials [6].

这是因为半导体行业建立在一个深度交织的跨境供应网络之上。芯片生产的每个阶段——采矿、设 计、制造、封装和测试——都依赖于一个全球合作和专业化网络。在这个网络中，某些国家和公司 凭借专有技术占据主导地位，形成了一些人所说的专属势力范围。 这一切的根源在于石英，通常被称为"白沙"。但只有纯度至少99.999%的超高纯度石英才适用于半 导体，因为它可以最大限度地减少电路中的缺陷。大约90%的超高纯度石英来自一个单一的产地： 北卡罗来纳州的云杉松矿。 石英开采出来后，会由日本信越化学公司精炼成晶圆，然后供应给台湾台积电等大型晶圆代工厂。 截至2023年，信越化学占据了全球晶圆市场约30%的份额，成为当之无愧的行业领导者。 如果您希望可以时常见面，欢迎标星收藏哦~ 来源：内容编译自chosun 。 半导体常被描述为尖端科技的心脏。然而，尽管美国可能试图通过加强对芯片供应链的控制来控制 中国——中国也可能试图追赶美国芯片制造商——但现实情况要复杂得多。双方都无法迅速或单方 面采取行动。 台积电利用这些晶圆蚀刻微型电路，采用荷兰阿斯麦公司（ASML）制造的极紫外（EUV）光刻 机。这些机器对于在先进芯片上创建复杂的图案至关 ...

如果您希望可以时常见面，欢迎标星收藏哦~ 来源：内容 编译自 chosun ，谢谢。 台积电美国业务的困境在全球半导体行业引发波澜，引发了人们对在亚洲以外建设先进晶圆厂的可 行性的怀疑，而三星电子在德克萨斯州的工厂即将完工之际也陷入了困境。 尽管台积电已在亚利桑那州工厂投入运营，但由于劳动力成本上涨和持续的基础设施投资，该工厂 仍深陷亏损。过去四年，该公司报告称，该工厂累计亏损394.5亿新台币（约合12.2亿美元）。此 外，在与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普会晤后，台积电首席执行官魏哲家在今年3月宣布了一项新的 1000亿美元投资计划，突显出地缘政治压力正迫使企业加倍投资美国业务。 损失也蔓延到了台积电的其他国际工厂。在日本，其子公司JASM于2024年底在熊本开始生产12纳 米及更老的芯片后，亏损创纪录地达到43.8亿新台币。在德国，其新建的德累斯顿工厂亏损了5亿 新台币。 如今，三星也面临类似的困境。由于泰勒工厂尚未获得主要客户，分析师警告称，一旦工厂投产， 三星可能立即面临运营亏损——而美国的劳动力和制造成本远高于韩国，这无疑加剧了三星的困 境。韩国国内的晶圆代工业务目前已处于亏损状态。 这些财务风险或许是三 ...