Core Viewpoint - The "under-forest economy" is gaining significant attention in Yunnan, with representatives emphasizing its potential due to the province's vast forest resources and the need for policy support and resource allocation [1][10]. Group 1: Economic Development - Yunnan has 375 million acres of forest land, providing a natural advantage for developing the under-forest economy [1]. - In Wuding County, a key area for rural revitalization, there are 3.1259 million acres of forest land, with 450,000 acres prioritized for under-forest economic development [3]. - The county aims for a total output value of 2.028 billion yuan by 2025, a 60% increase from 2022, benefiting 34,000 households with an average income increase of 19,000 yuan [3]. Group 2: Industry Structure - Wuding County has established five major sectors within the under-forest economy: forest fungi, forest flowers, forest fruits, forest medicine, and forest poultry [3]. - The forest fungi sector has developed 44,000 acres of wild mushroom conservation and breeding bases, generating an annual output value of 800 million yuan [7]. - The forest medicine sector has planted 140,000 acres, with an output value exceeding 300 million yuan, while the forest fruit sector has reached 715,400 acres with a comprehensive output value of 1.17 billion yuan [7]. Group 3: Market Expansion - Wuding County is enhancing its brand and sales network for forest fungi, establishing two deep processing plants and seven SC-certified production lines, increasing product value by 300% to 500% [9]. - The county is targeting international markets, planning to export 120 tons of products like matsutake and dried mushrooms by 2025 [9]. Group 4: Community Impact - A multi-faceted mechanism has been established to ensure that the benefits of the under-forest economy reach farmers directly, including options for land leasing and cooperative models [9]. - In Jin Feng Village, a cooperative has leased 2,300 acres for under-forest medicinal herbs and ecological farming, providing a guaranteed income of 100 yuan per acre plus year-end dividends [9]. Group 5: Future Recommendations - To achieve higher quality industrial development, Wuding County faces challenges such as weak infrastructure and the need for high-end, quality-focused strategies [10]. - There is a call for provincial-level coordination to promote a unified development strategy for the under-forest economy across Yunnan, with differentiated layouts based on local resources [10].

Core Viewpoint - The Yunnan Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau has issued the "Yunnan Province Under-Forest Economy 'Small Varieties Big Industry' Species Reference Directory (2025 Edition)" to promote the development of local特色产业 by transforming "small varieties" into "big industries" [1][2]. Group 1: Species Reference Directory - The directory includes a total of 157 species, with 48 designated as key species and 109 as general species [2]. - Key species are recommended for expanded artificial breeding of genetic resources, large-scale cultivation, and application to enhance industry scale and efficiency [2]. - General species should focus on the collection and preservation of genetic resources, research and development of breeding techniques, and promotion of cultivation technologies to develop regional特色产业 [2]. Group 2: Economic Concepts - Under-forest economy refers to an eco-friendly economy that relies on forests and their ecological environment, characterized by sustainable management and composite operations, including under-forest planting, breeding, and related product processing [4]. - The "small varieties big industry" concept aims to develop unique regional species with ecological value into significant industries through technological innovation, industry chain construction, brand cultivation, and market expansion [4].

Group 1 - The event "Nine Treasures and Eighteen Products" promotion conference was held in Beijing, organized by Heilongjiang Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the provincial office in Beijing, and the Heilongjiang Enterprise Chamber of Commerce [3] - The conference featured a dedicated exhibition area showcasing various forest foods, including forest fungi, fruits, medicinal products, and birch sap, highlighting the transformation of the forest economy from source to consumer [3]

Core Viewpoint - Yunnan is focusing on developing the under-forest economy to enhance economic value, benefits, and income, aligning with national strategies for sustainable development and ecological protection [1][5]. Group 1: Importance of Under-Forest Economy - The under-forest economy does not compete with traditional agriculture for land and resources, offering new opportunities for income through various sectors such as planting (e.g., medicinal plants, vegetables), animal husbandry, and eco-tourism [3]. - This approach aligns with the philosophy that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," promoting a sustainable development model that benefits both the economy and the environment [3]. Group 2: National and Local Support - The national government has emphasized the development of the under-forest economy in its 14th Five-Year Plan, recognizing it as a key area for increasing farmers' income and enhancing the quality of the forestry and grassland industry [5]. - Yunnan boasts significant advantages with 370 million acres of forest land and over 560 billion yuan in total forestry and grassland industry output, positioning it uniquely for growth in this sector [5]. Group 3: Current Developments in Yunnan - Yunnan has made notable progress in the under-forest economy, particularly in the medicinal plant and mushroom sectors, with the county of Pingbian expected to produce 14,000 tons of sand ginger in 2024, accounting for 40% of national production [6]. - The province is also recognized as the "Kingdom of Wild Mushrooms," with a projected total output value of 47.249 billion yuan in 2024, covering exports to 40 countries and regions [9]. Group 4: Future Directions for Development - Despite current achievements, challenges such as technological bottlenecks and funding shortages remain, necessitating a strategic approach to identify key counties and focus on specific advantageous industries [11]. - The integration of agriculture with culture, tourism, and health services is essential for creating new consumption scenarios and enhancing the value chain of the under-forest economy [12]. - Strengthening the "benefit chain" through cooperative models involving farmers, enterprises, and cooperatives is crucial for ensuring sustainable income and participation in the under-forest economy [14].

Core Insights - The under-forest economy is increasingly recognized for its role in promoting the transformation of ecological protection and economic development, as highlighted by its inclusion in key government documents and plans [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Impact - The under-forest economy has an annual output value of approximately 1 trillion yuan, benefiting millions of forest farmers and contributing to poverty alleviation [3]. - It provides a new income channel for farmers in mountainous and forested areas, enhancing their financial stability and stimulating local economies [1][3]. Group 2: Environmental Benefits - The under-forest economy aligns with the principles of green development, emphasizing ecological balance and the reduction of chemical inputs, thus lowering environmental pollution risks [2]. - It promotes biodiversity and maintains the ecological functions of forests while converting ecological advantages into economic benefits [1][2]. Group 3: Development Strategies - Tailored strategies are essential for the sustainable development of the under-forest economy, considering local forest types, conditions, and market demands [3]. - Strengthening technological support and service systems is crucial for enhancing product value and ensuring the success of under-forest economic initiatives [3]. - Fostering brand development and integrating the under-forest economy with tourism and cultural industries can enhance market competitiveness and extend value chains [3].

Core Viewpoint - Zhejiang Province is deepening the collective forest rights system reform to transform resources into assets, live trees into cash, and farmers into shareholders, thereby promoting green transformation in the forestry industry and common prosperity in mountainous areas [1][3]. Group 1: Reform Mechanisms - The reform focuses on four innovative mechanisms: cooperative shareholding operation, efficient land use, socialized forestry services, and financial support for forestry [3][4]. - An example of the cooperative shareholding mechanism includes a model that integrates "cooperative shares + storage platform + trading platform," facilitating the transfer of forest land management rights [4]. - In Xinchang County, 95,000 acres of inefficient forest land have been transferred, leading to the establishment of 80 large-scale fragrant nut bases, generating over 16 million yuan annually for the county [3]. Group 2: Achievements of the Reform - The reform has led to continuous growth in forest resources, steady enhancement of the forestry industry, increased income for farmers in mountainous areas, and further release of development potential [4]. - In Yuhang District, the unified transfer of bamboo resources has resulted in an average annual income increase of 718.5 million yuan for village collectives and over 2,000 yuan for individual farmers [4]. Group 3: Development of Under-Forest Economy - Zhejiang is promoting the under-forest economy through large-scale, characteristic, and full-chain development, focusing on various industries such as medicinal plants, fungi, and special breeding [5]. - The comprehensive output value of the under-forest economy is expected to exceed 117 billion yuan in 2024, with over 1,000 demonstration bases established, covering more than 310,000 acres and benefiting 1.07 million farmers [5].

Core Insights - The report presented by the National People's Congress Standing Committee highlights the significant growth and potential of the national forestry and grassland industry, projecting a total output value of 10.496 trillion yuan by 2024, with four key sectors exceeding one trillion yuan each [1][2] - The forestry and grassland industry directly employs over 60 million people, with more than 60% of income for farmers in key forestry counties derived from this sector, positioning it as a "green engine" for rural revitalization and common prosperity [1] Industry Development - The report suggests that enhancing the quality and efficiency of the forestry and grassland industry should be a national strategic task, advocating for a modern industrial system that encompasses the entire value chain from resource cultivation to product sales and ecological tourism [1] - Recommendations include fostering green new productive forces in the forestry and grassland sector, supporting technological innovation, and establishing key national laboratories to improve research capabilities [1] Policy Support - The report calls for increased central budget investments to support infrastructure and industrial base construction in forest areas, as well as the improvement of policies for various sectors such as forest food, quality feed, and other profitable industries [2] - It emphasizes the role of green financial tools to encourage financial institutions to provide credit support in compliance with regulations [2]

Core Insights - The Daxing'anling region in Heilongjiang Province has made significant strides in forest management and ecological protection, emphasizing both afforestation and forest conservation to enhance regional development and environmental sustainability [1][2][3][4][5]. Group 1: Forest Fire Prevention - Daxing'anling has prioritized forest fire prevention, implementing a comprehensive "land-enterprise collaboration, integrated prevention and control" mechanism, and utilizing advanced technologies such as satellite monitoring and drones for real-time forest monitoring [2]. - The region has achieved a remarkable record of no human-caused fires and no overnight lightning fires for seven consecutive years, and has not experienced any major forest fires for 14 years [2]. Group 2: Ecological Resource Management - The region has focused on strict protection and scientific management of forest resources, completing nearly 5 million acres of forest nurturing, sustainable management, and restoration projects [3]. - The forest stock volume has increased by over 10 million cubic meters annually, with a forest coverage rate reaching 87.7%, contributing to enhanced biodiversity and wildlife populations [3]. Group 3: Environmental Quality Improvement - Daxing'anling has established a "forest, river, and field" linkage system for integrated protection and management of natural resources, achieving a 99.3% rate of good air quality and 100% compliance in water quality standards [4]. - The region has been recognized as a national ecological civilization construction demonstration area in 2023, reflecting significant improvements in environmental quality [4]. Group 4: Development of Ecological Industries - In 2024, Daxing'anling was selected as one of the first pilot areas for the national ecological product value realization mechanism, promoting both under-forest economy and tourism [5]. - The under-forest economy has seen substantial growth, with a 50.7% increase in output value year-on-year, and the establishment of 81 green food and agricultural processing enterprises [5]. - The tourism sector has also flourished, with a 38.35% increase in visitor numbers and a 64.58% rise in tourism spending compared to the previous year [5].

Group 1 - The implementation of the Forest Law is crucial for ecological safety and forestry development, highlighting its significant impact on ecological civilization construction [3] - The provincial legislative body conducted inspections in Xi'an, Baoji, and Yan'an to assess the enforcement of the Forest Law, aiming to enhance forest resource protection and utilization [1][2] - Xi'an has achieved full coverage of the four-level forest chief system and has implemented various measures to promote forest protection and management, resulting in significant ecological improvements [1] Group 2 - Baoji has established a mechanism integrating the forest chief system with key work initiatives, achieving substantial afforestation and forest management results, including the completion of 426,100 acres of afforestation [2] - Yan'an has made significant progress in ecological construction, with forest coverage increasing to 53.07% and vegetation coverage reaching 87.6%, marking a historic transformation from "yellow" to "green" [2] - The economic impact of forestry initiatives in these cities includes increased income for local residents, with Baoji's forest tourism and ecological education attracting over 700,000 visitors and generating significant revenue [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Guangdong Provincial Forestry Bureau and other departments have jointly issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for Accelerating the High-Quality Development of Under-Forest Economy (2025-2027)", aiming to enhance the under-forest economy through various initiatives and targets [1][2] Group 1: Key Tasks and Goals - The action plan focuses on eight key tasks including under-forest planting, breeding, collection processing, forest landscape utilization, quality traceability system, brand building, sales service, and infrastructure development [1] - By 2027, the plan aims for over 35 million mu of land utilized for under-forest economy and a total output value exceeding 80 billion yuan [1] - The establishment of 40 provincial under-forest economic characteristic industry development bases and over 300 under-forest economic bases, including forest health bases, is targeted [1] Group 2: Implementation Strategies - The plan emphasizes localized development based on natural conditions, resource endowments, and market demands, promoting various under-forest composite planting and breeding models [2] - It encourages the development of unique brands such as "Yue Lin Mountain Delicacies" and "Yue Lin Health" to create distinctive under-forest economic clusters [2] - Strengthening technological support and training for local experts is highlighted to enhance the technological content and added value of the under-forest economy [2] Group 3: Recent Developments - Guangdong has implemented ecological construction, increasing under-forest economy area to over 32.41 million mu and output value surpassing 52.7 billion yuan, demonstrating a successful model for balancing ecological protection and economic development [2]