Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant growth and transformation of China's chemical industry during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, highlighting the need for high-quality development and innovation in the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" to strengthen its global competitiveness and influence [2][9]. Group 1: Overview of the Chemical Industry Development - The chemical industry is a crucial pillar of the national economy, with a steady growth in total output during the "14th Five-Year Plan," achieving a revenue of 14.5 trillion yuan in 2024, a 45% increase from 2020 [2]. - Major chemical products in China, such as ethylene, methanol, and fertilizers, maintain an annual growth rate of approximately 4.6%, with China producing about 42% of the world's major chemical products [3]. - In the 2024 global top 50 chemical companies, 11 Chinese companies are included, generating 2.1 trillion yuan in revenue, which is 1.35 times that of U.S. companies and exceeds the combined revenue of German and Japanese companies [5]. Group 2: Key Strategies for the "15th Five-Year Plan" - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to transition from quantity to quality, focusing on six enhancements: upgrading industrial structure, improving innovation capabilities, advancing green and low-carbon development, enhancing smart manufacturing, boosting international cooperation, and promoting high-quality development of chemical parks [9][10]. - The plan emphasizes the need to shift from fuel-driven to material-driven production, optimizing traditional industries and expanding high-end industries [10]. Group 3: Specific Industry Focus Areas - The refining industry is expected to transition from fuel-oriented to raw material-oriented, with a projected revenue of approximately 4.8 trillion yuan in 2024, accounting for 33.1% of the chemical industry [11]. - The ethylene industry will see a capacity of 53.8 million tons per year by 2024, maintaining its global leadership, but the supply growth rate will exceed demand growth [15]. - The aromatics industry, particularly paraxylene (PX), is projected to have a capacity of 43.37 million tons per year in 2024, solidifying China's position as the largest producer and consumer globally [19]. Group 4: Innovation and Technology Development - The chemical industry has made significant technological advancements, with a focus on original and disruptive innovations during the "15th Five-Year Plan," aiming to enhance R&D investment and reduce reliance on foreign technologies [29][30]. - The industry will prioritize breakthroughs in key technologies such as fine and specialty chemicals, biomanufacturing, and new catalytic technologies [30]. Group 5: Environmental and Sustainable Development - The chemical industry has achieved notable progress in pollution reduction and resource recycling, with a water reuse rate of 93% and a significant reduction in energy consumption across various products [32]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" will focus on systematic carbon reduction strategies, addressing the challenges of high carbon emissions and the need for a comprehensive carbon management system [33]. Group 6: Smart Manufacturing and Digital Transformation - The industry has seen improvements in smart manufacturing, with numerous companies adopting AI and digital technologies to enhance operational efficiency [34]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" will accelerate the integration of AI in chemical processes and promote the establishment of smart chemical parks [34]. Group 7: International Cooperation and Market Expansion - The chemical industry has strengthened its international cooperation, with foreign investments in China increasing and Chinese companies expanding their global presence [37][38]. - The focus will shift from mere participation in global markets to leading roles in technology sharing and value creation, enhancing China's influence in the global chemical industry [38]. Group 8: High-Quality Development of Chemical Parks - Significant progress has been made in the construction of chemical parks, with a focus on high-quality development and the establishment of world-class industrial clusters [39][40]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to optimize the spatial layout of the chemical industry, fostering advanced manufacturing clusters and enhancing the overall support role of chemical parks [40].

中化新网讯 近日，标普全球大宗商品洞察烯烃与衍生物部门主管乔伊斯·李表示，尽管聚对苯二甲酸乙 二醇酯(PET)需求强劲，有望长期支撑乙二醇市场实现稳定增长，但短期内市场仍需消化新增产能，才 能逐步迈向供需再平衡。与此同时，政策面的波动预计将进一步加剧目前供过于求的局面，给乙二醇价 格带来下行压力。 乔伊斯·李表示，近年来，乙二醇年新增产能持续超过需求，导致工厂平均开工率降至60%以下。目 前，产能增速是需求增速的两倍。要恢复至约80%的正常开工率，2030年前恐难以实现。2019年的乙二 醇市场，北美、中东和中国呈三足鼎立之势，占比相当。但过去五年间，中国成为产能扩张的主要推动 力，目前其产量已占全球总量的一半。近期变化推动中国乙二醇自给率从不足50%提升至75%以上。随 之而来的是中国乙二醇进口总量大幅下降。关于乙二醇可变成本曲线，乔伊斯·李指出，中东和北美地 区采用乙烷作为原料的生产商，其生产成本最具竞争力;紧随其后的是中东、北美及中国生产商。 由于供过于求的局面预计将持续，标普旗下的普氏能源资讯估计，北美地区运营乙烷裂解装置的生产 商，可能要到2027至2028年才能接近盈亏平衡点。而东北亚和西欧地区的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses advancements in enzymatic hydrolysis and biosynthesis of value-added products from PET waste, highlighting the importance of biological recycling methods in addressing global plastic pollution and enhancing the economic viability of PET recycling [2][4][27]. Group 1: PET Waste and Environmental Impact - The global production of PET reached 88.1 million tons in 2022, with significant waste accumulation due to its non-biodegradable nature and inefficient recycling methods [3]. - Traditional mechanical and chemical recycling methods face limitations, while biological recycling offers a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient alternative [4][16]. Group 2: Enzymatic Hydrolysis Mechanism - PET is hydrolyzed into its monomers, ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA), through the action of specific enzymes, primarily carboxylesterases [5][7]. - The hydrolysis process involves two main steps: acylation and deacylation, facilitated by the enzyme Is PETase, which has gained attention for its efficiency at ambient temperatures [5][7]. Group 3: Enhancing Enzymatic Efficiency - Strategies to improve PET hydrolysis efficiency include enzyme engineering, substrate pretreatment, and optimization of reaction conditions [8][14]. - Enhancing the thermal stability of PET hydrolases allows for more effective catalysis near PET's glass transition temperature, which is crucial for improving substrate accessibility [9][11]. Group 4: High-Value Conversion of PET Products - The hydrolysis products TPA and EG can be converted into high-value chemicals through metabolic engineering, significantly increasing the economic feasibility of PET recycling [17][20]. - Various microorganisms can metabolize TPA into valuable products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and vanillin, while EG can be assimilated into central metabolic pathways for the production of various chemicals [18][20]. Group 5: Economic and Process Considerations - The economic viability of enzymatic PET recycling is influenced by factors such as degradation efficiency, substrate load, and enzyme costs, which directly affect product yield and purity [16][28]. - A comprehensive optimization approach that includes both enzyme performance and process system improvements is essential for achieving sustainable and efficient PET recycling [16][27].

Group 1 - TANAKA PRECIOUS METAL GROUP Co., Ltd. collaborates with JEPLAN to reduce CO₂ emissions in precious metal recycling processes and promote resource recycling of organic materials [1][2] - The partnership aims to achieve decarbonization and a circular economy, leveraging TANAKA's expertise in precious metals and JEPLAN's advancements in plastic recycling technology [1][7] - TANAKA has historically used incineration to remove organic materials from waste containing precious metals, which has resulted in significant CO₂ emissions [2][7] Group 2 - JEPLAN has developed innovative chemical recycling technology for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to address CO₂ emissions from traditional recycling methods [7] - The new chemical recycling process is expected to reduce CO₂ emissions in precious metal recovery to about 10% of previous levels while also enabling plastic regeneration [7] - The collaboration will utilize both companies' strengths to contribute to the goals of decarbonization and a circular society [1][7]

Core Viewpoint - Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) have infiltrated the ecosystem of Mount Everest, affecting soil microbial communities and potentially entering the food chain through livestock, highlighting the urgent need to address plastic pollution even in remote high-altitude environments [3][17]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Cell Reports Sustainability indicates that microplastics and nanoplastics are present in various components of the Mount Everest ecosystem, including soil, water, atmosphere, snow, yak dung, and road dust [3][17]. - The average concentrations of microplastics in different samples from Mount Everest are as follows: 65.0 particles/kg in soil, 3.8 particles/L in water, 6.9 particles/m²·day in atmospheric deposition, 95.0 particles/L in snow, 36.5 particles/kg in yak dung, and 23.4 particles/kg in road dust [8][13]. - The most common type of microplastic found is polyamide (PA), accounting for 25.1%, followed by polyethylene (PE) at 19.4%, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at 13.5%, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at 7.7% [8][16]. Group 2: Sources and Impacts - The study identifies potential sources of microplastics and nanoplastics as wear from climbers' gear, vehicular traffic, and long-range atmospheric transport, with the Everest Base Camp showing the highest concentration of microplastics [16][17]. - Nanoplastics were quantified for the first time, with average concentrations of 4.9 mg/kg in soil, 1.9 mg/L in water, and 0.13 particles/m²·day in the atmosphere [8][13]. - The presence of microplastics has been shown to alter the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, indicating a potential risk to high-altitude ecosystems [12][16]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The findings suggest a need for stricter regulations on waste management for climbers and hikers, as well as the implementation of equipment standards to reduce plastic shedding [17]. - The research supports global efforts to address plastic pollution, emphasizing that plastic waste is a challenge that extends beyond urban and marine environments [17]. - The study calls for sustainable outdoor clothing choices and a reduction in single-use plastics to mitigate the impact of plastic pollution on remote ecosystems [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses an innovative method for chemically recycling mixed plastic waste into valuable chemical products, addressing the environmental challenges posed by plastic waste [2][3]. Group 1: Research Overview - The research, published in Nature, presents a strategy to convert eight common types of plastic waste into their original chemical components or other valuable compounds [3][10]. - The method focuses on identifying functional groups in mixed plastic waste to facilitate the separation and conversion of these materials into useful products [5][8]. Group 2: Methodology - The research team developed a solid-state NMR method to accurately identify the types of plastics present in the mixed waste, which is crucial for the subsequent processing steps [5][6]. - By using selective solvents, the team was able to dissolve and separate specific plastics from the mixed waste, followed by catalytic processes to convert these plastics into valuable products [6][7]. Group 3: Results and Innovations - The study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed strategy using a real-life plastic mixture, yielding various chemical substances such as benzoic acid, plasticizers, and hydrocarbons [7][8]. - The key innovation lies in the universal strategy designed to tackle the challenge of chemical recycling of mixed plastics, allowing for adjustments in chemical steps based on the initial identification of major components [8][10].

Group 1 - China's exports to ASEAN increased by 21% year-on-year in April, compensating for a 21% decline in exports to the United States due to high tariffs imposed by the Trump administration [1][3] - Exports to Southeast Asian countries, particularly Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, saw growth of 20-30%, while exports to Singapore and Malaysia rebounded by 15% in April after a decline in March [1][3] - The transition period for U.S. tariffs has led to a surge in Vietnamese exports to the U.S., with a year-on-year increase of over 30% in April, prompting an increase in imports of raw materials from China [3] Group 2 - In Indonesia, the import of Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) surged, with sales reaching four times the volume of the previous year, accounting for 14% of new car sales [4] - The influx of low-priced Chinese products is causing disruptions in local industries in Indonesia, leading to factory closures and layoffs in the textile and footwear sectors [4] - Malaysia has implemented anti-dumping duties on certain Chinese imports, reflecting growing resistance against the influx of low-priced Chinese goods [4][5]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. is considering imposing tariffs on up to 50 critical minerals, which are essential raw materials for chemical production, potentially replacing the current "reciprocal tariffs" and posing a significant challenge to the U.S. chemical market [1] Group 1: Impact on Refining and Chemical Industries - Tariffs on minerals such as fluorspar, cerium, and lanthanum will significantly increase product prices in the refining catalyst market [3] - Fluorspar is used to produce hydrofluoric acid, a catalyst for alkylation units, while cerium and lanthanum are catalysts for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units [3] - Increased catalyst prices may lead refineries to alter their operations, potentially reducing the operating rates of alkylation units and shifting production towards toluene or mixed xylene, impacting the aromatics market [3] - Changes in the operating rates of alkylation and FCC units will simultaneously affect the supply and demand of propylene [3] Group 2: Broader Implications for Chemical Products - Fluorspar is also a key upstream raw material for fluorinated chemicals and fluoropolymers, which are increasingly important in 5G devices, semiconductor manufacturing, and lithium-ion batteries [3] - Concerns have been raised about titanium oxide being included in the tariff list, which would further increase costs for U.S. paint manufacturers already pressured by previous steel tariffs [3] - Special catalysts are also at risk; tariffs on antimony could lead to price increases for producers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as antimony is a crucial catalyst in its production [4] - Bismuth, another catalyst for polyurethane production, faces similar tariff risks, impacting the overall cost structure of these industries [4] - The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) indicates that various minerals, including iridium, neodymium, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, and platinum, are essential for catalyst manufacturing, suggesting significant implications for domestic industries if tariffs are enacted [4]