Core Viewpoint - Africa is projected to face a financing gap of nearly $83 billion by 2026, the highest since 2021, prompting governments to diversify and innovate their financing methods to address rising fiscal and debt service pressures [1] Group 1: Financing Gap - The financing gap for African countries is expected to reach approximately $83 billion by 2026, marking the highest level since 2021 [1] - Traditional financing channels are becoming limited, leading to a gradual reduction in reliance on euro-denominated debt [1] Group 2: Innovative Financing Methods - African governments are expected to adopt more diversified and innovative financing methods, including ESG bonds, infrastructure bonds, and diaspora bonds, to address the funding shortfall [1] - To mitigate exchange rate risks, some countries may issue foreign currency debt denominated in currencies other than the US dollar and euro, or optimize their debt structure through currency swaps [1] Group 3: Market Conditions - The limited additional financing space from the International Monetary Fund and the saturation of domestic bond markets are key factors driving the shift in financing methods [1] - Over-reliance on domestic government bonds may crowd out private sector financing and exacerbate systemic sovereign risk [1] - High interest rates on euro-denominated debt are locking in high-cost financing, further increasing the debt burden for African nations [1]

Investment Rating - The report does not specify a clear investment rating for the industry [2] Core Insights - The report highlights the issuance of the "Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Standards No. 1 - Climate (Trial)" by nine departments in China, which mandates companies to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions across different scopes [12][3] - The EU's carbon reduction process is facing challenges, leading to adjustments in the automotive sector's emissions targets, allowing for a 90% reduction in carbon emissions by 2035 compared to 2021 levels, rather than a complete ban on fuel vehicles [3][17] - The report indicates a significant growth in ESG financial products, with a total of 3,882 ESG bonds issued in China, amounting to a market size of 5.74 trillion RMB, with green bonds making up 62.11% of this total [4][28] - The report notes that the ESG public fund market consists of 947 products with a total net value of 116.67 billion RMB, where ESG strategy products account for 45.01% [4][33] - The report emphasizes the importance of technological innovation in achieving carbon neutrality, identifying key challenges and opportunities in the energy transition [8][41] Summary by Sections Domestic Focus - The "Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Standards No. 1 - Climate (Trial)" requires companies to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions, with a phased approach from voluntary to mandatory disclosures [12] - Beijing's green finance policy aims to support the construction of green factories, focusing on energy-saving and carbon-reduction projects [12] International Focus - The EU's adjustment to its automotive emissions targets reflects a shift in its green transportation strategy, allowing for continued sales of certain traditional fuel vehicles [3][17] - The EU is also coordinating new rules for plastic recycling to address challenges in the recycling market [19] ESG Financial Products Tracking - The report details the growth of ESG bonds, public funds, and bank wealth management products, highlighting their respective market sizes and issuance volumes [4][28][39] Index Tracking - Major ESG indices have shown varying performance, with the Shenzhen ESG 300 index leading in growth over the past year [40] Expert Opinions - Insights from experts emphasize the need for strategic information disclosure and the role of technology in the transition to carbon neutrality, identifying significant opportunities in the energy sector [8][41]

Investment Rating - The report does not specify a clear investment rating for the industry [2] Core Insights - The 2025 version of the National Recommended Directory for Energy-Saving and Carbon Reduction Technologies has been released, listing over 350 technologies with energy-saving rates between 15% and 60%, all exceeding the national first-level energy efficiency standards [4][13] - Canada will launch a sustainable investment taxonomy in 2026 to identify green and transition investments, following a commitment made by the previous government [5][19] - The report highlights the increasing adoption of clean low-carbon hydrogen production technologies, including electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cell systems, which are expected to accelerate green hydrogen applications [4][13] Summary by Sections Domestic Highlights - The 2025 version of the National Recommended Directory for Energy-Saving and Carbon Reduction Technologies was officially released on December 15, 2025, covering industrial energy-saving, information technology, and high-efficiency energy-saving equipment [4][13] - New long-duration energy storage technologies have been added, including high-pressure solid thermal storage and zinc-iron flow batteries [4][13] International Highlights - Canada is set to implement a sustainable investment classification system by the end of 2026, aimed at identifying green investments [5][19] ESG Financial Products Tracking - As of December 21, 2025, a total of 3,873 ESG bonds have been issued in China, with a total outstanding amount of 5.72 trillion RMB, of which green bonds account for 62.04% [6][29] - The market has 946 existing ESG products with a total net asset value of 1,166.66 billion RMB, with ESG strategy products making up 45.01% of the total [6][35] - There are 1,216 existing ESG bank wealth management products, with pure ESG products accounting for 53.87% [6][40] Index Tracking - As of December 19, 2025, major ESG indices have underperformed the market, with the Wind All A Sustainable ESG index showing the largest decline of 0.79% [7][41] - Over the past year, major ESG indices have generally increased, with the Shenzhen ESG 300 index rising by 17.79% [7][41] Expert Opinions - Key technological innovations are essential for achieving carbon neutrality, with significant opportunities in commercializing core technologies that are not yet fully developed [9][43] - The transition to carbon neutrality faces challenges, including the need for a comprehensive policy framework and the commercialization of critical technologies [9][43]

Investment Rating - The report does not specify a direct investment rating for the industry but emphasizes a positive outlook on green finance initiatives and ESG investments [2][3]. Core Insights - The report highlights the strengthening of green finance supply by two departments, focusing on three key support directions: technological breakthroughs and industrial applications, enterprise green transformation, and zero-carbon factory construction [3][12]. - By 2030, the goal is to increase the output value of green factories at national, provincial, and municipal levels to 40% [3][12]. - The report indicates a significant growth in ESG bonds, with a total issuance of 3,832 bonds and a stock scale of 5.72 trillion RMB, where green bonds account for 62.15% [5][29]. - The ESG public fund market consists of 944 products with a total net value of 11,645.22 billion RMB, with ESG strategy products making up 45.09% [5][35]. - The report notes that 95% of business leaders view climate transition as a source of growth and opportunity, indicating a shift in perspective towards sustainability [21][22]. Summary by Sections Domestic Focus - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the People's Bank of China have issued a notice to enhance green finance support, targeting three main project categories [3][12]. - The report outlines the implementation of a carbon footprint factor database by 2027, aiming to improve data quality and international influence [13]. - Hubei Province has completed the first compliance of multiple industries under the national carbon market, marking a significant local practice for the market's operation [14]. International Focus - The World Bank's report on Mauritania highlights the country's economic challenges and the need for diversification beyond the mining sector, which currently contributes 70% of exports and one-fifth of GDP [4][18]. - The ISSB has made targeted revisions to the IFRS S2 to support the implementation of climate-related disclosures [19]. - Munich Re has set new climate targets for its insurance and investment portfolios, emphasizing a commitment to climate solutions [20]. ESG Financial Products Tracking - The report provides detailed statistics on ESG bonds, public funds, and bank wealth management products, indicating a robust market presence and growth potential [5][29][40]. - The issuance of ESG bonds in the past year totaled 1,231 bonds with a total amount of 13,668 billion RMB [5][29]. Index Tracking - As of December 12, 2025, major ESG indices have shown varied performance, with the Shenzhen ESG 300 index having the highest increase of 14.75% over the past year [7][41]. Expert Opinions - Experts emphasize the integration of technology and finance to build a resilient and efficient sustainable development paradigm, highlighting China's advantages in climate technology [8][42].

证券研究报告 | 金融工程 2025 年 12 月 09 日 碳市场新增行业配额方案落地，国际政策分化下绿色金融保持活跃 ——ESG 动态跟踪月报（2025 年 11 月） 本报告重点关注 ESG 领域的监管动态、市场趋势与产品发行情况，系统梳理过去 一个月的重要信息，供投资者参考。 定期报告 相关报告 1、《欧盟 SFDR 2.0 解析：国 际 ESG 投资影响与中国市场启 示——ESG 热点洞察系列报告 之三》2025-11-30 2、《ESG 动态跟踪月报（2025 年 10 月）：宏观锚定加快全面 绿色转型，海外 ESG 信披监管 多方调整》2025-11-05 3、《ESG 动态跟踪月报（2025 年 9 月）：NDC 新目标锚定长 期转型，荷兰养老金战略调整 引关注》2025-10-09 4、《ESG 动态跟踪月报（2025 年 8 月）：全国碳市场纲领性 文件落地，国际气候金融监管 分化》2025-09-05 5、《ESG 动态跟踪月报（2025 年 7 月）：国内绿金标准升 级，海外气候金融热度不减》 2025-08-08 任瞳 S1090519080004 rentong@cmschina. ...

Core Insights - The Shanghai Stock Exchange is actively promoting green finance and has made significant progress in developing the green and ESG bond market, with nearly 900 billion yuan in cumulative green bond issuance by the end of October 2025 and over 80 billion yuan in low-carbon transition bonds since their launch in 2022 [1][4] Group 1: Green Finance Development - The Shanghai Stock Exchange has been implementing the national green development strategy and innovating products and mechanisms related to green finance [1] - The cumulative issuance of green bonds is approaching 900 billion yuan, indicating strong market growth [1] - Low-carbon transition bonds have seen a cumulative issuance of over 80 billion yuan since their introduction in 2022 [1] Group 2: ESG Management Trends - Chinese enterprises are shifting from passive compliance to proactive management of ESG factors, particularly in response to challenges faced during international expansion [1] - The ESG evaluation system in mainland China, although initiated relatively late, is developing rapidly, with significant advancements in both theoretical frameworks and practical applications [4] - Recent policy developments, such as the draft guidelines for corporate sustainable disclosure and the revised guidelines for sustainability reporting by listed companies, are helping enterprises identify risks and opportunities in their sustainable development processes [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is actively promoting the development of the green and ESG bond market to support the green transformation of real enterprises and enhance the effectiveness of financing for the real economy [1][3]. Group 1: Market Development and Achievements - As of October 2025, the cumulative issuance scale of green bonds (including ABS) on the SSE has approached 900 billion yuan, with low-carbon transition bonds exceeding 80 billion yuan since their launch in 2022 [1]. - The market structure of SSE's green and low-carbon transition bonds features a diversified maturity profile, primarily mid-term, with issuers spanning key industries such as industrial, public utilities, and finance, including large state-owned enterprises, local state-owned enterprises, and private companies [1][3]. Group 2: Financing Mechanisms and Benefits - The SSE's green bonds provide a convenient financing mechanism that aligns well with companies' financing needs, as demonstrated by China Merchants Energy's successful issuance of a 1 billion yuan, 15-year low-carbon transition bond at a 2.18% interest rate [3]. - The ability to replace self-funded expenditures on green projects with raised funds enhances the flexibility of fund usage and reduces financing costs [3]. Group 3: Secondary Market Innovations - The SSE is continuously innovating mechanisms to support green bond issuance, including lowering the threshold for green bonds to be included as benchmark market-making securities, which improves liquidity and pricing efficiency in the secondary market [4]. - The introduction of a science and technology innovation bond ETF has effectively reduced financing costs and could further stimulate market activity if similar products are launched in the green bond market [4]. Group 4: Future Directions and Recommendations - Participants at the symposium emphasized the importance of enhancing the flexibility of fund management and optimizing incentive policies to expand the depth and breadth of the green bond market [6]. - Investment institutions called for a richer supply of green bonds to broaden investment choices, with expectations for more enterprises to issue green bonds on the SSE [7]. - The SSE plans to continue advancing the green and ESG bond market under the guidance of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, aiming to provide stronger financing support for the green transformation of real enterprises and better serve national strategic goals and high-quality economic development [6][7].

Investment Rating - The report does not specify an explicit investment rating for the industry [2]. Core Insights - The National Energy Administration has issued guidelines to promote integrated development in the new energy sector, aiming to create a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable energy development model. This includes opportunities in areas such as the integration of new energy with computing infrastructure and the development of green hydrogen and ammonia [11][12]. - Brazil's political figure highlighted the potential for cooperation with China as a pathway to sustainable development, emphasizing China's efforts in environmental improvement and carbon reduction [3][17]. - The report tracks the issuance of ESG financial products, noting that as of November 15, 2025, there are 3,746 ESG bonds with a total value of 5.63 trillion RMB, of which green bonds account for 61.92% [4][27]. - The report also indicates that the ESG public fund market consists of 942 products with a total net value of 116.01 billion RMB, with ESG strategy products making up 45.15% of this total [4][32]. - Major ESG indices have shown varied performance, with the Shenzhen ESG 300 index experiencing a decline of 0.79% recently, while the 300 ESG Leading index saw an increase of 0.38% [5][38]. Summary by Sections Domestic Highlights - The National Energy Administration's guidelines emphasize multi-dimensional integration in new energy development, including collaboration with various industries and non-electric applications [11]. - Shenzhen's measures to support the green low-carbon industry include 11 specific initiatives aimed at high-quality development [12]. - The National Development and Reform Commission has set a target for at least 200 million kilowatts of new energy consumption annually, focusing on collaboration with computing and storage technologies [13]. - A pilot program for carbon footprint labeling has been initiated in Shandong, targeting specific industries for carbon footprint management [14]. - The world's largest green ammonia project is being developed in Jilin Province, showcasing a new paradigm for renewable energy commercialization [15][16]. International Highlights - Brazil's political figure emphasized the importance of collaboration with China for sustainable development during the COP30 conference [3][17]. - The "Belt and Road" initiative has expanded its international cooperation mechanism to include 34 countries, enhancing disaster prevention and emergency management [18]. - The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is seeking to halt California's new climate reporting law, arguing it infringes on free speech rights [19]. - The EU is negotiating with the UK to link their carbon markets, marking a significant step in post-Brexit environmental policy alignment [20][21]. ESG Financial Products Tracking - As of November 15, 2025, the ESG bond market includes 3,746 bonds with a total value of 5.63 trillion RMB, with 826 billion RMB issued in the current month [4][27]. - The ESG public fund market consists of 942 products with a total net value of 116.01 billion RMB, with 236 new funds issued in the past year [4][32]. - The ESG bank wealth management market includes 1,157 products, with pure ESG products making up 54.19% of the total [4][37]. Index Tracking - Major ESG indices have shown mixed performance, with the Shenzhen ESG 300 index down 0.79% recently, while the 300 ESG Leading index increased by 0.38% [5][38]. - Over the past year, the Shenzhen ESG 300 index has risen by 15.9%, while the CSI 300 ESG Leading index has increased by 11.34% [5][38]. Expert Opinions - The World Economic Forum's sustainable finance head noted that ESG discussions have shifted from theoretical to practical capital deployment, emphasizing the importance of long-term value creation and risk management [6][40].

Group 1 - The core view of the report indicates that credit bond ETFs will continue to attract capital inflows, with a notable recovery in liquidity observed in October [5][8] - The total circulation scale of credit bond ETFs has approached 500 billion yuan, significantly surpassing that of interest rate bond ETFs, reflecting a strong market sentiment [5][8] - The report anticipates that the credit bond ETF's discount rate may further compress, although transitioning to a premium without a major market event remains challenging [5][10] Group 2 - The report highlights that the issuance volume of credit bonds has increased, with a net financing of 92 billion yuan recorded, indicating a positive shift in the financing landscape [29][30] - The average coupon rates for newly issued AAA and AA+ rated bonds have decreased, with the average rates at 2.07% and 2.27% respectively, showing a downward trend in financing costs [29][30] - The credit spreads across various grades have narrowed, particularly for longer maturities, with significant compressions observed in the AA grade [32][34]

Group 1 - The white paper titled "China's Actions on Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" was recently released by the State Council Information Office, outlining six key sections related to carbon neutrality efforts [1] - Significant achievements have been made in China's green and low-carbon energy transition, emphasizing the implementation of renewable energy and the establishment of a new energy system while ensuring energy security [1] - As of now, China has issued 3,725 ESG bonds, with a total outstanding amount of 5.61 trillion RMB, where green bonds account for the largest share at 61.80% [1] Group 2 - The market currently has 940 existing ESG products, with a total net value of 11,564.34 billion RMB, and ESG strategy products represent the largest share at 45.30% [3] - In the past year, 234 ESG public funds were issued, totaling 1,582.65 billion shares [3] - Major ESG indices have shown varying performance, with the CSI 300 ESG Leading Index outperforming the market, while others lagged behind, indicating mixed results in ESG investment performance [3]