Core Insights - Nanjing University of Technology's research team developed a perovskite photovoltaic device with a high power conversion efficiency of 25.19% using a vacuum thermal evaporation technique, maintaining over 95% performance after 1000 hours of operation [1][2] - The team’s method eliminates the use of toxic solvents, which are common in traditional solution-based methods, thus enhancing the potential for large-scale production [1] - The innovative reverse layer deposition strategy significantly improved the quality of perovskite crystal films, contributing to the efficiency and stability of the devices [2] Group 1 - The perovskite photovoltaic device measures 0.066 square centimeters and demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 25.19% [1] - A 1 square centimeter device achieved an efficiency of 23.38%, indicating substantial industrialization potential [1] - The research was published in the international journal "Nature Photonics" [1] Group 2 - The vacuum thermal evaporation technique allows for precise control of the film formation process without solvents, making it an ideal solution for scaling up production [1][2] - The team utilized a unique sequence of depositing materials, which enhances the interaction and diffusion of solid-state materials during the annealing process, leading to high-quality perovskite films [2] - This breakthrough not only sets a world record for vacuum thermal evaporation technology but also lays the groundwork for future advancements in efficient and environmentally friendly perovskite photovoltaic devices [2]

Core Insights - The research team from the Shanxi Coal Chemical Research Institute and Peking University has achieved a breakthrough in iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts, achieving less than 1% carbon dioxide selectivity and over 85% olefin selectivity, providing new approaches for clean utilization of high-carbon resources [1][2]. Group 1: Research Achievements - The study published in "Science" demonstrates a significant advancement in catalyst performance, crucial for the production of olefins, which are key raw materials for synthetic fibers, rubber, and plastics [1]. - The traditional iron-based catalysts have limitations due to their multiple activities, leading to high carbon dioxide generation, which restricts carbon utilization efficiency and olefin selectivity [1]. Group 2: Innovative Strategies - The research team introduced a trace halogenated alkane co-feeding strategy, which allows for effective regulation of surface oxygen species at the molecular level, enhancing catalytic performance without altering the catalyst formulation [2]. - The strategy enables near-zero carbon dioxide emissions and high olefin selectivity, showcasing a "plug-and-play" advantage for broader applications [2]. Group 3: Future Directions - The team plans to further explore the industrial scaling and long-term stability of the halogen regulation strategy, aiming to promote its application in coal-to-liquid, natural gas conversion, and biomass utilization [2].

Core Insights - The research conducted by Tsinghua University's team addresses the "WNT signaling gradient paradox" in gastric development, which has puzzled the academic community for 20 years [1][2][3] - The study introduces a novel gastric organoid model that simulates early human gastric development, providing new pathways for organ development research and translational medicine applications [1][5] Summary by Sections WNT Signaling Gradient Paradox - The "WNT signaling gradient paradox" refers to the contradictory findings regarding the WNT signaling gradient in gastric organ development, where traditional theories suggest a gradient increase from anterior to posterior, while gastric development actually requires a decreasing gradient [2][3] - WNT proteins are crucial signaling molecules that guide embryonic development by instructing cells on tissue formation and positioning [2] Discovery of the Gastric Organoid Model - The research team proposed that the decreasing WNT signaling gradient is generated by an undiscovered "dark matter signal source," which acts as a dedicated WNT signaling regulatory center for gastric development [4] - A three-dimensional culture system was developed to accurately replicate the extracellular matrix and mechanical stimuli present during embryonic development, allowing for the successful induction of a gastric organoid model named "gastric organoid" [4][5] Mechanism of Asymmetric Gastric Development - The gastric organoid model demonstrated that the neural tissue serves as a specialized signaling center, creating a high concentration of WNT signals in the anterior region, which decreases towards the posterior, thus fulfilling the requirements for gastric development [5][6] - The study identified the epithelial transcription factor NR2F2 as a key factor in determining the asymmetric pattern of gastric tissue, revealing new mechanisms behind gastric developmental abnormalities [6][7] Theoretical and Practical Implications - The research reconstructs the signaling regulatory system of organ development, integrating neural tissue as a core regulatory component and challenging traditional single-cell lineage theories [7][8] - The gastric organoid model fills a significant gap in early human gastric development research, providing a tool for studying gastric diseases and drug development, as well as advancing the construction of artificial gastric organs [8]

记者近日从贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司（以下简称"贵阳院"）获悉，该公司研发的"基于钛—镁联合 生产工艺的多极性镁电解槽技术开发及应用"项目，获得2024年度中国有色金属工业科学技术进步奖二 等奖，并被评价为"国际领先"水平。这一成果标志着我国在海绵钛核心生产环节——镁电解技术方面实 现重大突破，正式跻身世界前列。 相关专家指出，多极性镁电解槽技术的成功应用，不仅打破了国外技术壁垒，提升了我国海绵钛生产的 能效与绿色制造水平，也为有色金属行业实现"双碳"目标提供了可复制、可推广的工程范例。 （文章来源：科技日报） 镁电解是海绵钛生产的关键环节，直接影响金属镁与氯气的循环效率及整体能耗。长期以来，我国镁电 解技术存在单槽产能低、直流电耗高、氯气回收率不高等问题，制约了行业高质量发展。对此，贵阳院 研发团队围绕"节能降耗"目标持续攻关，构建了高效低耗镁电解生产技术与低恒温密闭镁电解槽两大核 心体系。 据介绍，该技术通过采用多极性电极结构、精准控制电解液面、优化低恒温槽控策略及全密闭槽体等创 新设计，实现吨镁直流电耗降低3000千瓦时以上，氯气浓度提升约15%，氯气回收率与单槽产能均提高 30%。目前，相关技术已申请 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "Ultra-deep Green Safe Paste Filling New Technology" developed by China Aluminum International Changsha Nonferrous Metallurgy Design Institute has been recognized as reaching "international leading level" by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, providing significant technical support for the green and safe development of deep mineral resources in China [1] Group 1: Technology Breakthroughs - The project team achieved key technological breakthroughs in four areas: optimizing complex filling pipeline systems, developing precise air-water pipe cleaning processes, enhancing control over deep rock layer displacement, and creating new early-strength gelling materials [1] - The optimized pipeline system allows for long-distance safe self-flow transportation of paste, significantly reducing pipeline wear and explosion risks [1] - The new cleaning process greatly reduces the amount of water used for pipe cleaning [1] - The multi-cooperative paste filling technology improves the ability to control rock layer displacement [1] - The new gelling materials reduce the amount of gelling agent required and increase the early strength of the filling body [1] Group 2: Industrial Application - The technology has been applied in the Yunnan Huize Mining Company, resulting in a 31% reduction in the total length of the filling pipeline network and over 90% reduction in the number of pipeline inspection personnel [1] - The lifespan of the pipelines has been extended by 3 years due to the application of this technology [1]

Core Points - The 2025 World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit will be held in Wuzhen, Zhejiang from November 6 to 9, continuing its commitment to green energy with 100% green electricity supply for the third consecutive year since 2023 [1] - The State Grid Jiaxing Power Supply Company has purchased 510 green power certificates, successfully configuring over 500,000 kilowatt-hours of green electricity, which is expected to reduce carbon emissions by over 380 tons [1] - The company has customized energy-saving and carbon reduction plans for the venues and implemented a "Photovoltaic Doctor" system for real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis of solar facilities [1] Energy Infrastructure - Wuzhen has over 900 public charging piles and more than 2,600 private charging piles, along with intelligent mobile charging robots, creating a "5-minute charging circle" to meet green travel needs during the conference [1] - The technological aspect of power supply assurance is enhanced with the deployment of a "six-in-one" portable device, AR glasses, drones, and micro-photography devices for power transmission lines, forming a digital power supply assurance system covering all aspects of power transmission, transformation, distribution, and usage [1] - This system enables real-time visibility of power operation status, intelligent scheduling, and rapid response [1]

Core Insights - A research team from the National Astronomical Observatories of China, Zijinshan Observatory, and Nanjing University successfully analyzed solar eruption processes using the "Xihe" satellite, providing key insights into the physical processes involved in solar activities [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study utilized Hα spectral analysis to deconstruct various physical processes during solar eruptions, including the uplift and descent of solar dark bars and the compression and evaporation in flare regions [1] - The research revealed that the Hα spectrum in flare regions showed continuous line center radiation enhancement, spectral line broadening, and red wing asymmetry, corresponding to the chromosphere compression process [2] - The analysis of different evolutionary stages of solar dark bars indicated a transition from accelerated blue shift absorption to decelerated blue shift absorption, and finally to red shift absorption, capturing the dynamics of cold plasma in the dark bars [2] Group 2: Scientific Significance - The findings from the "Xihe" satellite provide rich information on the dynamics of the lower atmospheric plasma processes during solar eruptions, highlighting its scientific value in comparative studies between the Sun and other stars [2]

Core Findings - A 14-year longitudinal study published in *Nature Medicine* indicates that walking more than 5,000 steps daily may effectively slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively healthy older adults [1][2] - The study reveals that moderate exercise significantly reduces the accumulation rate of tau protein in the brains of preclinical patients, thereby slowing cognitive decline [1] - This research provides a clear and achievable exercise goal for older adults and opens new avenues for early intervention in Alzheimer's disease [1] Study Details - The research analyzed data from 294 cognitively intact older adults (ages 50-90) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study, including step counts, longitudinal amyloid and tau PET imaging data, and cognitive assessments over up to 14 years [1] - Increased physical activity is associated with slower cognitive decline related to amyloid plaque, indicating a protective effect of exercise [1] - The benefits of exercise are linked to the slowing of tau protein accumulation rather than changes in amyloid pathology [1] Activity Levels - Moderate activity levels of 5,001 to 7,500 steps per day are associated with stable tau protein accumulation and cognitive function [1] - Encouragingly, even light activity levels (3,001 to 5,000 steps daily) are significantly correlated with reduced tau protein accumulation and cognitive decline [1][2] Implications for Technology - The findings suggest that increasing physical activity may help delay tau pathology and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease [2] - The rise of digital wearable devices, such as smartwatches, makes it easier to achieve the exercise goals proposed by the study, potentially motivating sedentary older adults to engage in more physical activity [2]

团队的目标是使设备足够微小，以最大程度减少对脑组织的干扰，同时能以比成像系统更快的速度捕捉 大脑活动，且无需对神经元进行基因改造。MOTE的另一大优势在于，它能在核磁共振成像扫描期间同 步采集大脑电信号，这对现有大多数植入设备而言难以实现。此外，该技术未来还可拓展应用于脊髓等 其他组织，甚至可与嵌入人造颅骨板的光电器件等创新技术结合使用。 （文章来源：科技日报） 研究团队表示，据目前所知，这是全球最小的神经植入设备，不仅能检测大脑电活动，还能实现无线数 据传输。该设备采用脉冲位置调制编码技术（与卫星光通信技术相同），能以极低功耗实现高效光学数 据传输。 团队先在细胞培养环境中测试了MOTE的性能，随后将其植入小鼠的桶状皮层——处理胡须感觉信息的 关键脑区。在长达一年的实验中，植入物成功记录了神经元的电活动峰值以及更广泛的突触活动模式， 而小鼠在此期间始终保持健康活跃。 美国康奈尔大学与新加坡南洋理工大学科学家联合，在3日出版的《自然·电子学》杂志上发表研究论文 称，他们研制出一种比盐粒还小的神经植入物，能够在活体动物体内持续无线传输大脑活动数据，时间 长达一年以上。 这款名为"微尺度光电无绳电极"（MOTE） ...

不过，专家团队指出，当前材料与器件结构的快速发展，已超出研究界系统测量与比较性能的能力范 围。由于新兴技术具有独特性，新现象与应用层出不穷，缺乏标准化方法将难以辨识真正的技术突破， 产业界也难以判断哪些技术具备实际应用价值。此外，现有研究多聚焦于单一性能指标的局部优化，而 缺乏推动技术落地所需的整体视角。 为此，由全球43所大学、研究机构和企业的53名专家联合组成的国际团队，共同提炼出光电探测器表征 的最佳实践方案，融合了多元视角、前沿研究与实际产业需求。 最终发布的报告为评估关键性能指标——如灵敏度、弱光性能、响应速度与稳定性等提供了明确指南， 并附有详细清单与实验示意图，以支持结果复现与有效比对。 来自全球学术界与工业界的专家团队，在新一期《自然·光子学》杂志上发表一项具有里程碑意义的共 识声明，倡议加速研发基于新兴光响应材料的新一代光电探测器，以推动医疗健康、智能家居、农业和 制造业等领域的创新应用。 该声明同时发布了《基于新兴半导体技术的光电探测器准确评估指南》，为表征、报告和评估新兴光传 感技术建立了统一框架。 光传感器又称光电探测器，是将光信号转换为电信号的装置。作为众多智能设备的核心部件，其全球 ...