一台高精度"相机"，可以帮助医生们观察到2毫米以下的肺结节，精准辨别肺部结节良性还是恶性，同 时为患者规避了因不必要手术导致的过度医疗……这便是由我国企业自主研发的全球首台相控阵CT。8 月12日，这台相控阵CT在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院进入临床试用阶段，成为全球CT技术发展 史上一次革命性飞跃的里程碑。 侯树文 本报记者 王 春 实现CT领域技术领跑 为了突破传统CT在医疗影像临床应用上像素小的局限，纳米维景突破重重难关自主研发了光子流探测 器、分布式X射线源阵列、稀疏角度成像算法等关键技术。尤其是光子流探测器的自主设计研发，更是 突破了传统CT探测器依赖进口的瓶颈。 传统CT的探测器是第一代积分探测器，机械扫描CT的最高端产品是第二代光子计数探测器。早在2012 年，纳米维景团队就研发了光子计数探测器。但是无论是积分探测器，还是光子计数探测器，都无法满 足相控阵CT的需要。于是纳米维景开始向难度更高的第三代探测器——光子流探测器发起了挑战。 值得注意的是，北京纳米维景科技有限公司（以下简称"纳米维景"）完全凭借自身力量，实现了该设备 探测器、高压发生器、球管等核心部件的自主研发与完全国产化。"在CT ...

美国康奈尔大学研究团队开发出一种低功耗微芯片，被称为"微波大脑"，这是首个能够利用微波物理原 理同时处理超快数据信号和无线通信信号的处理器。相关成果发表在最新一期《自然·电子学》上。 团队强调，在传统数字系统中，随着任务复杂度上升，必须增加电路规模、功耗和纠错机制来维持精 度。而新方法基于概率性计算，能够在不增加系统开销的前提下，在简单和复杂任务中都保持高准确 率。 （文章来源：科技日报） 这一突破性能力源于芯片本身的神经网络架构。受大脑启发，该神经网络通过可调谐波导构建出复杂的 互连模式，具备识别模式和从数据中学习的能力。与依赖时钟同步和逐级执行数字指令的传统神经网络 不同，该芯片在微波频段下以模拟方式运行，利用非线性物理行为直接处理信号，能够应对高达数十千 兆赫兹的数据流，速度远超大多数现有数字芯片。 为了实现这一目标，此次设计中摒弃了许多传统电路设计原则。团队没有试图复制数字神经网络的结 构，而是设计出一种更像受控频率"混沌系统"的结构，最终却能实现高性能的计算功能。 该芯片既能执行基本逻辑运算，也能完成复杂任务，例如识别特定的比特序列或计算高速数据流中的二 进制值。在多种涉及无线信号类型的分类任务中， ...

Core Insights - Scientists have achieved a significant breakthrough in brain-computer interface technology by decoding "inner speech" brain activity with an accuracy of 74%, opening new avenues for helping patients with severe speech impairments to communicate naturally [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team implanted microelectrodes in the motor cortex of participants suffering from severe paralysis due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or brainstem strokes [2]. - It was found that both attempting to speak and imagining speech activate overlapping areas of the brain, producing similar neural activity patterns, although the signal strength of "inner speech" is generally weaker [2]. - The team trained an AI model using data collected from "inner speech," enabling the brain-computer interface system to decode imagined sentences from a vocabulary of up to 125,000 words with a 74% accuracy rate [2]. Group 2: Communication Mechanism - The research team demonstrated a password control mechanism that allows the system to temporarily ignore "inner speech" and switch to a keyword password unlocking mode, achieving over 98% accuracy in recognizing and activating the decoding function when users silently think of specific phrases [2]. - Although the technology is not yet perfect in processing "inner speech," advancements in sensors and algorithms are expected to lead to more sophisticated devices capable of facilitating fluid communication akin to everyday conversations [2].

Core Viewpoint - The development of sixth-generation fighter jets, driven by AI technology, is reshaping future aerial combat and global strategic dynamics, with multiple countries racing to establish air superiority [1][4]. Group 1: Sixth-Generation Fighter Jet Development - The U.S. government has selected Boeing to produce the "Next Generation Air Dominance" fighter, which is touted to be the most advanced and lethal aircraft ever [1]. - Countries like the UK, Italy, and Japan are collaborating on the "Tempest" project, aiming for its first flight by 2035, while France, Germany, and Spain are leading the "Future Combat Air System" expected to be deployed by 2040 [1][4]. - The sixth-generation fighter jets will redefine aerial combat rules and significantly alter the global strategic landscape [1]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The sixth-generation fighter jets will feature a significant increase in size compared to current fifth-generation jets, driven by the need for enhanced stealth capabilities and internal weapon storage [2]. - Key competitive advantages of sixth-generation jets will include supersonic cruise capability, omnidirectional stealth, and extended operational range, with the "Tempest" expected to carry twice the weapon load of the F-35 [2][3]. Group 3: AI Integration and Cloud Warfare - Sixth-generation jets are described as "flying supercomputers," capable of processing vast amounts of data in real-time and sharing information across military units via satellite data links [3]. - The integration of AI systems is a hallmark of sixth-generation fighters, promising to enhance overall efficiency and reshape future aerial combat through a "cloud warfare" model [3]. Group 4: Global Competition and Strategic Goals - The U.S. has officially named its sixth-generation fighter as the F-47, which emphasizes modular design, directed energy weapon integration, advanced stealth, and AI-assisted operations, with an expected service entry by 2030 [4]. - In Europe, the FCAS aims to combine manned and unmanned systems for a new air superiority paradigm, with deployment expected by 2040 [4]. - Russia's MiG-41 is projected to achieve speeds of 4-5 Mach and is expected to enter service by 2028 [5]. Group 5: Challenges in Development - The development of sixth-generation fighters requires the integration of multiple advanced technologies, including AI and stealth, into a multi-domain combat platform [6][7]. - A significant challenge is the development of robust AI systems for autonomous combat decision-making, with debates ongoing about the necessity of retaining a pilot's cockpit [7]. - Balancing performance with cost is critical, as projects like the F-47 may exceed initial contracts of $20 billion, with total costs potentially reaching hundreds of billions [7].

Core Viewpoint - The development of the first N-type thermoelectric elastomer, termed "thermoelectric rubber," by Professor Liu Kai from Qingdao University of Science and Technology, offers a new solution for energy harvesting technologies in flexible electronics and wearable devices [1]. Group 1: Material Innovation - Traditional thermoelectric devices primarily utilize inorganic thermoelectric materials, which are rigid and lack elasticity and shape adaptability, limiting their application in wearable devices [1]. - The N-type thermoelectric elastomer combines elasticity, stretchability, and thermoelectric conversion capabilities, paving the way for advancements in energy harvesting for wearable technology [1]. - The elastomer exhibits remarkable tensile strain of up to 850%, comparable to traditional rubber, and achieves a thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.49 at 300 Kelvin, nearing or surpassing the performance of existing flexible or plastic inorganic thermoelectric materials [1]. Group 2: Device Application - Researchers have manufactured the first elastic thermoelectric generator, which differs from inorganic thermoelectric devices by eliminating the need for complex interconnection structures, allowing direct adaptation to the skin surface [2]. - This device maintains a high fill factor and low thermal resistance while demonstrating efficient thermoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent comfort and shape adaptability, showcasing its potential to power wearable electronic devices and biosensors [2].

Core Insights - China's transportation sector has achieved historic milestones during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with significant advancements in high-speed rail, highways, and logistics, showcasing the country's technological innovation capabilities [4][11]. Group 1: High-Speed Rail Developments - The CR450 train set a world record with a test speed of 453 km/h and a commercial operation speed of 400 km/h, marking a significant achievement in high-speed rail technology [6]. - The high-speed rail network has expanded to 48,000 kilometers, covering 97% of cities with populations over 500,000, with the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" network achieving 81.5% completion [5][7]. - The opening of the Chongqing to Qianjiang section of the Yuxia high-speed rail has ended the historical lack of high-speed rail in southeastern Chongqing [5]. Group 2: Major Infrastructure Projects - The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link, a super-large transportation project, has created multiple world records and significantly improved connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [9]. - The Tian Shan Victory Tunnel, the world's longest highway tunnel, will reduce travel time across the Tian Shan mountains from 3 hours to 20 minutes, showcasing advancements in domestic engineering technology [10]. Group 3: Green Transportation Initiatives - The first domestic dual-fuel (methanol + diesel) vessel has successfully completed its first green methanol refueling, marking a key step in the green transformation of China's shipping industry [12]. - The first zero-carbon highway in China, spanning 161.9 kilometers, utilizes solar panels and innovative energy management technologies to achieve net-zero emissions during operation, with an annual carbon reduction of 61,000 tons [12]. - China has built 33 green highway demonstration projects and achieved nearly 100% coverage of shore power at ports, contributing to global sustainable transportation efforts [13].

Core Insights - A research team from the University of Pennsylvania has utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to identify previously unknown antibacterial compounds from ancient microorganisms, specifically archaea, which have survived in extreme environments for billions of years [2][3] - The study highlights the potential of archaea as a novel molecular resource for antibiotic development, with compounds that may operate through mechanisms different from existing drugs [2] - The upgraded APEX tool was employed to predict which peptides from archaea could inhibit bacterial growth, resulting in the identification of over 12,000 candidate molecules from 233 archaea proteins [2] Summary by Sections - **Research Methodology** - The APEX AI model was retrained using thousands of additional peptides and information on pathogenic bacteria to enhance its predictive capabilities [2] - The team screened 233 archaea proteins and identified over 12,000 candidate molecules, which were found to differ from known antibacterial peptides, particularly in charge distribution [2] - **Experimental Results** - Out of the selected 80 candidate molecules, 93% showed effectiveness against at least one type of drug-resistant pathogen [3] - In animal tests, one of the three compounds demonstrated an ability to inhibit drug-resistant bacteria comparable to the commonly used last-resort antibiotic, polymyxin B [3] - Unlike most antibacterial peptides that disrupt bacterial outer membranes, these candidates appear to "cut off the power" from within the bacteria, disrupting their life-sustaining electrical signals [3]

Group 1 - The core point of the news is the successful application of the special steel Q690C, developed by Baogang Co., in the construction of the Haitai Yangtze River Tunnel, marking a significant advancement in high-end special steel materials [1][2] - Baogang Co. provided all the steel for the tunnel's embedded components, which are crucial for the foundation support and overall structural strength of large engineering projects [1] - The Q690C material is innovative as it replaces traditional carbon steel or low-alloy steel, meeting high performance requirements such as low-temperature toughness, high strength, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability [1] Group 2 - In response to the challenging order, Baogang Co. initiated a collaborative mechanism involving multiple units, including the technology center and steelmaking plant, to optimize the composition design and production process [2] - The company successfully rolled out over 3,000 tons of Q690C special steel after extensive verification of heat treatment processes [2] - The successful application of Q690C in the Haitai Yangtze River Tunnel not only signifies a major breakthrough for Baogang Co. in the high-end special steel sector but also highlights its technical strength and commitment to supporting national major projects [2]

回想起两年前毕业找工作碰壁的那个夏天，李凯旋仍然无法释怀。 李凯旋博士阶段攻读的是中西医结合专业，当时非常想去一家公立三甲综合医院（以下简称"西医 院"），该院外科主任也想接收中西医结合方面的人才，觉得他很合适。但遗憾的是，李凯旋并未拿到 录用函，最终进入一家公立三甲中医类医院（以下简称"中医院"）工作。 "中西医结合方向听起来'左右逢源'，找工作时却很容易陷入'两边都不待见'的窘境。"李凯旋告诉 科技日报记者，因名额紧张、手续烦琐，该方向医师很难进入西医院的西医科室。 李凯旋遭遇的只是中西医结合医学从业者面临的困境之一。记者在采访中发现，高层次人才匮乏、 中西医理论"结而不合"、无专属竞争赛道等诸多问题正成为中西医结合发展的卡点痛点。 强化研究生教育， 填补高层次人才缺口 新冠疫情肆虐之时，全世界的抗疫效果不尽人意，而我国做到低感染率、低死亡率。这其中，我国 独有的中西医结合医学立下汗马功劳。 当前，中西医结合医学依然在其优势领域发光发热。 今年4月，一位60多岁的乳腺癌患者因化疗联合免疫治疗引发全身剥脱性皮炎，严重的继发性感染 危及生命。其就诊的肿瘤医院束手无策，当即下了病危通知书。随后，家属将患者转至中 ...

Core Insights - A research team led by Rice University has achieved the strongest phonon interference effect to date in silicon carbide systems, known as "Fano resonance," with an intensity two orders of magnitude higher than previous studies [1] - This phonon-based technology is expected to advance molecular-level sensing technology and open new application pathways in energy harvesting, thermal management, and quantum computing [1] Group 1 - The interference phenomenon, akin to ripples in a pond, enhances or cancels out various waves such as light, sound, and atomic vibrations, providing power for high-precision sensors and potential applications in quantum computing [1] - The breakthrough relies on constructing a two-dimensional metallic interface on a silicon carbide substrate, embedding several layers of silver atoms between graphene and silicon carbide, significantly enhancing the interference effect of different vibration modes [1] Group 2 - The team utilized Raman spectroscopy to study phonon interference, revealing highly asymmetric line shapes in the spectra, with some cases showing complete "valleys," indicative of strong interference and unique anti-resonance patterns [2] - The interference sensitivity is high enough to detect single molecules without chemical labels, making the device simple and scalable, with potential applications in quantum sensing and next-generation molecular detection [2] - Low-temperature experiments confirmed that this effect is entirely due to phonon interactions rather than electronic effects, with this "pure phonon" quantum interference being rare and only occurring in specific two-dimensional metal/silicon carbide systems [2]