行业主要上市公司：主要有中信证券(600030)、中国银河(601881)、国泰君安(601211)、工商银行 (601398)、建设银行(601939)等。 本文核心数据：全球经济增长率、ESG投资策略变化数据 全球ESG投资面临挑战 回望2023年，全球经济在新冠疫情后的复苏中显示出缓慢且不均衡的特征，面临高通胀、货币政策紧缩 以及信贷条件收紧等多重挑战。根据国际货币基金组织(IMF)的预测，2023年全球经济增长率将从2022 年的3.5%降至3.0%。全球债务的不可持续性，以及由此引发的一系列国家和地区的破产和债务违约事 件，对国际金融市场和投资者信心产生了负面影响。这些因素迫使企业和政府将有限资源重新分配至短 期经济需求，削减了对ESG相关支出的投资。 ...

Core Insights - China is the largest gold producer in the world, accounting for nearly 11% of global gold production in 2022, followed by Australia and Russia, each with a 10% share [2][5] - The global gold demand saw a significant increase of 18% in 2022, reaching 4740.7 tons, with jewelry being the largest consumer market, representing 47% of the demand [7][8] Group 1: Gold Production - In 2022, global gold mine production totaled 3627.72 tons, with the top five gold-producing countries contributing to 45% of this total [2][5] - The top ten gold mines produced a combined total of 340.71 tons, accounting for approximately 9.39% of global gold production [3][4] - Nevada Gold Mines is the largest single gold mining complex globally, producing 85.84 tons in 2022, which is 2.37% of the global supply [4][5] Group 2: Major Gold Mining Companies - The top ten gold mining companies produced a total of 2890 million ounces in 2022, representing 24.78% of global production [5][6] - Newmont and Barrick are the top two gold producers, with production figures of 5956.0 thousand ounces and 4141.0 thousand ounces respectively [6] - Zijin Mining made its debut in the top ten global gold producers in 2022, while Freeport-McMoRan's Grasberg mine saw a 31% increase in production, making it the tenth largest producer [5][6] Group 3: Gold Jewelry Demand - China and India are the largest consumers of gold jewelry, each accounting for approximately 32% of global gold jewelry demand in 2022 [8][9] - The cultural significance of gold in China and India drives traditional purchasing during festivals and weddings, contributing to their status as the largest gold jewelry markets [8]