1 型糖尿病 （T1D） ，是一种慢性自身免疫疾病，其病因是免疫系统错误地攻击胰腺中产生胰岛素的 β 细胞 ，导致身体无法产生足够的胰岛素，进而导致血糖 水平升高。对于该疾病，目前尚无治愈方法，患者需要 终身依赖外源性胰岛素治疗 （通过注射或胰岛素泵） 来维持生命。 由于 T1D 的自身免疫特性，研究人员已开始探索涉及 T 细胞和 B 细胞的疗法，以期延缓或治愈该疾病。尽管免疫疗法的初步结果令人鼓舞，但这些治疗手段未 能满足当前临床维持持久正常血糖水平和摆脱胰岛素依赖的需求。这凸显了对 T1D 免疫生物学进行更深入研究的必要性。 2026 年 1 月 21 日， 中南大学湘雅二医院 李霞 教授、 赵斌 教授等，在 Nature 子刊 Nature Metabolism 上发表了题为： IL-21 mediates crosstalk between T cells and NK cells during the remission of type 1 diabetes 的研究论文。 该研究确定了 CD226 + CD56 dim CD16 + NK 细胞 是 1 型糖尿病 （T1D） 缓解期的关键生物标志物。 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在人类早期胚胎发育过程中， 合子基因组激活 （ZGA） 是一个关键事件，在此期间胚胎开始从自身基因 组转录。这一过程需要对染色质景观和转录网络进行全局性重排。ZGA 失败常常导致发育停滞，这是导致 不孕和妊娠失败的一个主要因素。尽管对哺乳动物 ZGA 模型的研究已经确定了对 ZGA 网络至关重要的关 键蛋白质编码基因，但人类 ZGA 失败和早期妊娠失败的原因仍知之甚少，这可能反映了物种间存在显著的 调控差异。 2026 年 1 月 22 日，浙江大学医学院 梁洪青 、 张丹 团队，联合同济大学 高绍荣 院士及浙江大学爱丁堡 大学联合学院 刘琬璐 团队 （ 向阳泉 、 钱羽力 、 李铮一 、 王佳旭 为论文共同第一作者） ， 在国际顶 尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： Endogenous retroviruses synthesize heterologous chimeric RNAs to reinforce human early embryo development 的研究论文。 该研究表明，一种古老的病毒残留物—— 内源逆转录病毒 MLT2A1 ，在 ...

Core Viewpoint - Targeting age-related LINE-1 activation can alleviate cardiac aging, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related cardiac dysfunction [4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study indicates that the expression of LINE-1 in the heart increases with age [7]. - Researchers created heart-specific Mov10 gene knockout mice, which could not suppress LINE-1 expression, leading to LINE-1 de-repression, cardiac dysfunction, and early cardiac aging by three months of age [7]. - Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway was observed in these knockout mice, suggesting a link between LINE-1 and cardiac aging [7]. Group 2: Therapeutic Implications - The use of Lamivudine (3TC), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and H-151, which inhibits STING, both suppressed cGAS-STING activation and alleviated aging in new muscle cells from Mov10 knockout mice [7]. - Both inhibitors improved cardiac function in naturally aged mice and reduced cardiac inflammation and aging phenotypes [7]. - These findings suggest that LINE-1 and its downstream effectors could be potential targets for treating age-related cardiac dysfunction [7].

Core Viewpoint - Springer Nature has been a leader in the transition to Open Access (OA) for over 20 years, aiming to make peer-reviewed research freely available to everyone [2]. Group 1: Open Access Publishing - Springer Nature offers high-impact OA options through its various journal brands, including BMC, Nature Portfolio, Springer, Discover, and Palgrave Macmillan [2]. - The company is committed to enhancing collaboration between Chinese and global scientific communities, showcasing Chinese research achievements [4]. Group 2: Research Output and Impact - In 2025, over 30,000 OA papers authored by Chinese researchers were published in Springer Nature journals within the fields of biological sciences and medicine [4]. - The article highlights the top ten highly cited OA original research papers from Chinese authors, reflecting significant contributions to impactful research [4]. Group 3: Notable Research Papers - A paper titled "Global status and attributable risk factors of breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers from 1990 to 2021" was published on January 10, 2025, with 101 citations and 15,000 views [6]. - Another significant study, "The triglyceride–glucose index and its obesity-related derivatives as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients," was published on January 29, 2025, with 72 citations and 10,000 views [7][8]. - A systematic analysis on chronic kidney disease published on February 17, 2025, reported 66 citations and 22,000 views, indicating a growing burden of CKD globally [10]. Group 4: Research Trends and Insights - The research indicates a rising burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) despite some improvements since 1990, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions [26]. - Studies on the triglyceride-glucose index reveal its significance as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive patients, suggesting a need for further research in diverse cohorts [22][16]. Group 5: Springer Nature Link Platform - The Springer Nature Link platform provides comprehensive access to a wide range of scientific, technical, and medical journals, books, and other resources, making it a preferred choice for researchers worldwide [34][35].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 嵌合抗原受体 （CAR） -T 细胞疗法，在 血液系统恶性肿瘤 和 自身免疫疾病 中已取得显著成功，但在 实体瘤 中的应用仍受限制，原因在于实体瘤中的抗原异质性、抗原逃逸以及以肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 （TAM） 为主的免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。 2026 年 1 月 22 日，魏茨曼研究所的研究人员在 Cancer Cell 期刊发表了题为： Tumor-antigen- independent targeting of solid tumors by armored macrophage-directed anti-TREM2 CAR T cells 的 研究论文。 该研究开发了 IL-12 武装的靶向 TREM2 的 CAR-T 细胞 ，其 重塑了肿瘤微环境和肿瘤引流淋巴结，清 除了 TREM2 阳性 肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 （ TREM2 + TAM ） ，增强了 T 细胞和自然杀伤 （NK） 细胞的浸 润和活化，并诱导了肿瘤消退，且未出现全身毒性。 该突显了开发靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 （TAM） 的通用且有效的 CAR-T 细胞疗法以治疗实体瘤的潜力。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队 ...

细胞的 可塑性 （ Plasticity ） ，即细胞能够发生表型转变的能力，推动了癌症的发展和对治疗的抵抗。 近期的研究表明，实体瘤中的可塑性集中在少数癌细胞亚群中，但针对这种 高可塑性细胞状态 （ high- plasticity cell state， HPCS） 的体内功能研究却很缺乏。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2026 年 1 月 21 日，华中农业大学 颜彦 教授、 纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心 Tuomas Tammela 教授 作为 共同通讯作者 ， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Critical role for a high-plasticity cell state in lung cancer 的研究论文。 该研究通过构建一整套高度集成的新型小鼠遗传报告系统，首次精准定位并证实—— 在 肺癌 中存在着一 类拥有" 高可塑性细胞状态 "的特殊肿瘤细胞 ，它们连接并调控着不同细胞状态之间的相互转变，如同肿 瘤内部的"交通枢纽"，是驱动肺癌进展、造成肿瘤细胞多样性以及产生治疗耐受的关键源头。 这项研究为理解癌症可塑性的组织规律提供了全新的理论框架，也为开发靶向 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 预防 老年 2 型糖尿病患者 死亡的长期 体重指数 （BMI） 阈值，目前尚不明确。 近日，上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院 包玉倩 教授 、 上海市疾病预防控制中心疾病预防控制信息 所 夏天 主任医师等，在 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports Medicine 上发表了题为 ： Longitudinal body mass index exposure-based threshold to prevent mortality for populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus 的 研究论文。 该研究揭示了基于纵向 体重指数 （BMI） 暴露的预防 2 型糖尿病 患者死亡率的阈值， 在 ≥ 40岁的中国 2 型糖尿病患者中，持续的体重指数 （BMI） ≥ 27 kg/m² 会增加死亡风险，而 BMI 在 18.5-26.9 kg/m² 之间是最理想的。 其次 ，现有的证据主要依赖于单次 BMI 测量，未能捕捉到随时间变化的体重动态变化。这忽略了诸如体重 增加、体重减轻和体重反弹等临床关键模式，可能会导致风险评估出现偏差。 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 埃博拉病毒病 （ Ebola virus disease, EVD） 由 埃博拉病毒 （EBOV） 引起，是一种致死率高达 90% 的动物源性感染，对全球卫生安全构成巨大挑战。埃博 拉病毒属于丝状病毒科，是一种负链 RNA 病毒，于 1976 年在刚果民主共和国首次被发现。在埃博拉病毒属的六个已知物种中，扎伊尔埃博拉病毒的毒性最强， 也是人类疫情中最常见的病原体。该病毒通过直接接触感染者的体液传播，果蝠被认为是其天然宿主，导致病毒反复从动物宿主溢出至人类。 自发现以来，已记录了 30 多次埃博拉病毒病疫情，通常局限于非洲的局部地区，但影响巨大。2014 - 2016 年的西非埃博拉疫情是史上规模最大的一次，感染 人数超过 28600 人，死亡人数达 11300 人，而 2018 - 2020 年刚果民主共和国爆发了史上第二大埃博拉疫情，导致了约 3400 例病例和 2200 人死亡，这凸 显了埃博拉病毒持续存在的公共卫生威胁。在大流行期间，病毒的关键变异往往会增强其致病性与传播力。那么，病毒变异是否也是此次埃博拉疫情 传播 的关键 因素？ 2026 年 1 月 2 2 日，中山大学 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research reveals a surprising link between peripheral cancers and a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that certain cancer patients may possess a protective mechanism against Alzheimer's through the protein cystatin-c [2][6]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Cell demonstrates that tumor cells secrete cystatin-c, which acts as a "molecular glue" to activate TREM2 receptors on microglial cells, facilitating the clearance of amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease [3][5]. - In experiments with Alzheimer's model mice implanted with peripheral cancer cells, a significant reduction in amyloid plaques and improved cognitive function were observed [6][12]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - Cystatin-c binds to toxic amyloid oligomers in the brain, activates microglial cells via TREM2, and enhances the clearance of existing amyloid plaques [9][15]. - The protective effect of cystatin-c was confirmed through gene knockout experiments, where the absence of cystatin-c eliminated the protective benefits, which were restored upon reintroduction of normal cystatin-c [13][14]. Group 3: Therapeutic Implications - This research opens new avenues for Alzheimer's treatment by focusing on the removal of existing amyloid plaques rather than solely preventing their formation [17][21]. - Direct injection of recombinant cystatin-c into Alzheimer's model mice successfully reduced amyloid burden and improved learning and memory capabilities [18][20].

Core Insights - On January 21, 2026, the journal Nature published 29 research papers, with 8 authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contribution of Chinese researchers to global scientific advancements [3][4][5][7][8][10][11][13]. Group 1: Research Contributions - A paper titled "Construction of complex and diverse DNA sequences using DNA three-way junctions" was published by Kaihang Wang from Caltech as a corresponding author [3]. - The research "Extreme barocaloric effect at dissolution" was co-authored by researchers Li Bing, Li Kuo, Qian Suxin, and Tong Peng, showcasing advancements in material science [4]. - The study "Pyramidal neurons proportionately alter cortical interneuron subtypes" was co-authored by Jingjing Wu and Min Dai from Harvard Medical School, contributing to neuroscience [5]. - A significant paper titled "Four camera-type eyes in the earliest vertebrates from the Cambrian Period" was authored by Peiyun Cong from Yunnan University, shedding light on evolutionary biology [7]. - The research "The potential for bridgmanite megacrysts to drive magma ocean segregation" was led by Haiyang Niu from Northwestern Polytechnical University, focusing on geology [8]. - The paper "Critical role for a high-plasticity cell state in lung cancer" was co-authored by Yan Yan from Huazhong Agricultural University, addressing cancer research [10]. - Jingwen W. Ding from UCSF published "Dissecting gene regulatory networks governing human cortical cell fate," contributing to genetic research [11]. - The study "Fibre integrated circuits by a multilayered spiral architecture" was co-authored by Academician Huisheng Peng and researcher Peining Chen from Fudan University, advancing the field of integrated circuits [13].