Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the breakthrough in fiber electronics, specifically the development of "fiber chips" that integrate multiple functionalities such as power supply, sensing, display, and signal processing into a single fiber, paving the way for advanced applications in brain-machine interfaces, electronic textiles, and virtual reality wearables [3][12]. Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The research led by Fudan University introduces a novel "fiber chip" that utilizes a multilayered spiral architecture, allowing for large-scale integrated circuits within elastic polymer fibers [3][6]. - This new design approach maximizes the internal space of the fiber, enabling unprecedented micro-device density and multimodal processing capabilities [6]. Group 2: Technical Specifications - The "fiber chip" achieves an integration density of 100,000 transistors per centimeter, meeting the demands of interactive fiber systems [8]. - It can process both digital and analog signals comparable to advanced memory image processors, demonstrating high recognition precision in neural computing [8]. Group 3: Durability and Stability - The "fiber chip" maintains stability under harsh conditions, enduring 10,000 cycles of bending, 30% stretching, 180-degree twisting per centimeter, and even being crushed by a 15.6-ton container truck [10][11]. - This durability allows for the construction of closed-loop systems within a single fiber without the need for external rigid processors [12]. Group 4: Applications and Future Prospects - The flexible fiber system opens pathways for various cutting-edge applications, including brain-machine interfaces, smart textiles, and virtual reality wearables, such as smart tactile gloves for remote surgeries [12].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 嗅觉 是由数千种 气味受体 （ Olfactory Receptor， OR） 介导的基本感觉之一。然而，疏水挥发性气味分子如何被 II 类嗅觉受体识别，目前仍不清楚。 2026 年 1 月 21 日，山东大学 孙金鹏 教授团队 、 于晓 / 杨帆 教授 团队及 上海交通大学医学院 李乾 研究员 团队 、山东第一医科大学 夏明 教授团队 合作 （ 韩翔 、 张鸣晖 、 荣乃康 、 朱孔凯 、 裴远 、 葛晓燕 为论文共同第一作者 ） ，在国际顶尖学术期刊 C ell 上发表了 题为： Mechanistic Insights into Fatty Acid Odor Detection Mediated by Class II Olfactory Receptors 的 研究论文 。 该研究筛选到了 II 类嗅觉受体 OLFR110 （ OR5V1 ） 可识别天然中药 佩兰 中的脂质分子，进一步阐明了其识别疏水的 脂肪酸类气味分子 的分子机制，并拓广 到 II 类受体 5 家族的多个受体识别气味的机制，为理解嗅觉受体进化及鼻外表达的 II 类气味受体 的生理功能提供支撑 ...

脊椎动物 的视觉功能主要由一对侧生成像的相机型眼睛 （ camera-type eyes， 指像相机一样结构的眼睛，例如人类或许多脊椎动物的眼睛，这种眼睛有类似相 机的组件，能够聚焦光线并形成清晰图像 ） 承担，而在非哺乳类脊椎动物中，背侧松果体复合体 （松果体与副松果体器官） 作为光感受器和/或内分泌器官起补 充作用。 松果体复合体与侧眼具有共同的遗传和胚胎学基础，两者均源于间脑发育过程中的外翻结构。尽管在冠群脊椎动物中被普遍称为"第三只眼"，但松果体复合体的 本质及其在早期脊椎动物中假定的视觉能力仍属未知。 2026 年 1 月 21 日，云南大学 丛培允 团队 （ 雷向通 、 张思航 为论文共同第一作者） 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Four camera-type eyes in the earliest vertebrates from the Cambrian Period 的研究论文。 该研究表明，寒武纪时期的已知最早的脊椎动物 （约 5.18 亿年前） 具有 四只 像机型眼睛 （ camera-type eyes ） 。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队描述了两种昆明鱼 （ m ...

Core Findings - The research identified the olfactory receptor Or5v1/Olfr110 as a high-affinity receptor for the oxylipin 12(S)-HEPE, which promotes hepatic fatty acid oxidation and improves glucose homeostasis, thereby reducing obesity [3][5][7] - The activation level of the Or5v1/Olfr110-Gs signaling pathway is lower in obese patients compared to normal individuals, indicating a correlation between lower receptor activity and higher body mass index (BMI) [5][7] - The synthetic agonist HOR1-C59, developed based on structural analysis, shows beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, highlighting the clinical application value of targeting olfactory receptors with small molecule compounds in disease treatment [6][7] Methodology - The research utilized a novel technique called "anonymous receptor identification by reverse-G-protein pull-down" (ARIG) to identify the orphan receptor Or5v1/Olfr110 as a receptor for oxylipids [5][7] - The study demonstrated that systemic or liver-specific knockout of Or5v1/Olfr110 impairs glucose homeostasis, even in the presence of 12(S)-HEPE stimulation [5][6] Implications - The findings suggest that targeting the olfactory receptor Or5v1/Olfr110 could provide new therapeutic strategies for treating obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver diseases [3][6][7] - The research emphasizes the importance of olfactory receptors in metabolic processes and their potential as drug targets [6][7]

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 嗅觉 是生命体感知外界化学环境最古老且精细的感官功能之一，在觅食、避险、社会交流和行为调控中发挥基础性作用，其分子基础是 嗅觉受体 （Olfactory Receptors，ORs） 。人类基因组中约有400种功能性嗅觉受体，是数量最多的一类G蛋白偶联受体 （GPCR） ，通过"一个神经元表达一种受体"及组合编码机 制识别成千上万种结构各异的气味分子，赋予嗅觉系统极高的灵敏度与分辨力。近年研究发现，嗅觉受体并非仅限于嗅上皮，还广泛表达于免疫细胞、皮肤、心 血管及代谢相关组织，参与炎症反应、能量代谢等重要生理病理过程。这些发现推动嗅觉受体从传统的"感官分子"拓展为连接环境感知、机体稳态与疾病干预的 关键信号分子，展现出重要的药物开发潜力。 尽管嗅觉受体具有重要的生物学与医学意义，其三维结构解析长期受限于异源表达效率低、构象不稳定等问题，被认为是结构生物学领域的"硬骨头"。科学家们 采用"共识序列 （consensus sequence） "策略，成功解析了多个工程化嗅觉受体 （consOR） 的结构，揭示了嗅觉受体的整体折叠方式和共性结构特征。但共 识序列在一定程度上削弱了单个受体的 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 （COPD） 是全球导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一，其特征是持续的气流受限，由包括 慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和小气道重塑在内的多种异质性病理过程所驱动。尽管 COPD 是全球第三大致死病 因，但目前仍缺乏能改变其病程的药物疗法。目前的治疗模式仅限于对症处理和通过使用支气管扩张剂及 吸入性皮质类固醇来减少急性加重，尚无任何干预措施能够改变该疾病的进行性发展轨迹。 COPD 通常在病情较重时 （GOLD 分期 3 期和 4 期） 才被确诊，且往往预后不良。然而，存在大量患有 轻度 COPD （GOLD 分期 1 期和 2 期） 患者；由于缺乏明显的呼吸系统症状，这部分人群的诊断往往被 延误，从而错失了最佳治疗时机。这种严峻的形势凸显了阐明 COPD 分子机制以及确定潜在预测和治疗靶 点的迫切需求。 研究团队发现，丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子家族 G 成员-1 （SERPING1） 是一个强效因果候选基因，其蛋白 质定量性状位点与 COPD 及肺功能指标 （包括FEV₁和FEV₁/FVC%） 均呈现一致性关联。 广州医科大学 附属第一医院/呼吸疾病全国重点实验室 冉丕鑫 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the establishment of a new international open-access journal named Vita, led by Westlake University, focusing on significant advancements in life sciences and biomedical research [2] - It highlights the unique characteristics of childhood cancers, emphasizing their developmental origins and the potential for a unified mechanism of onset [7][11] Group 1: Journal Overview - Vita is co-edited by Professor Li Dangsheng and Professor Shi Yigong, aiming to publish impactful research in various fields of life sciences [2] - The journal has already published two articles, including an "Expert Views" piece and a "Cutting Edge" commentary [3] Group 2: Childhood Cancer Mechanisms - The article presents a perspective on the common origin mechanisms of childhood tumors from a developmental biology viewpoint, contrasting them with adult cancers [7][9] - It identifies that childhood cancers primarily affect the hematopoietic system (e.g., leukemia) and the nervous system (e.g., brain tumors), which are most susceptible to malignancy during early development [10][11] Group 3: Developmental Vulnerabilities - The article explains that during embryonic development, tissue-forming cells (TFCs) act as "builders" of organs, and disruptions in their protective mechanisms can lead to mutations and cancer [13][14] - It discusses the similarities in the developmental processes of the hematopoietic and nervous systems, which may explain the prevalence of childhood cancers in these areas [15][16] Group 4: Future Directions - The authors suggest that understanding the developmental vulnerabilities can provide new strategies for preventing childhood cancers, including the potential use of protective molecules delivered through the placenta [21][24] - Future research directions include identifying similar genomic protection mechanisms in other organs and developing early intervention strategies for high-risk pregnancies [23][24]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a biodegradable biohydrogel battery that addresses the limitations of traditional batteries in biomedical applications, particularly their poor biocompatibility and non-degradability [3][6]. Group 1: Research Development - A research team from Zhejiang University has developed a flexible, biodegradable battery using light polymerization 3D printing technology, which maintains a stable current of 0.001 - 6 mA at a voltage of 1.5 V [3][7]. - The biohydrogel battery exhibits high printing precision of 50 micrometers, with tensile strain and compression rates of 200% and 95%, respectively, matching the mechanical properties of biological tissues [7]. Group 2: Applications and Functionality - The biohydrogel battery can operate in dual current modes, providing microcurrents (0.001 - 1 mA) to promote tissue regeneration and higher currents (1 - 6 mA) for effective cardiac pacing, offering new avenues for tissue stimulation and biomedical applications [3][7]. - The battery utilizes a conductive ion-type chondroitin sulfate methacrylate-gelatin methacrylate hydrogel and InGa3-Cu nanoparticles as electrolyte and electrode materials, respectively, showcasing excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility [6][7].

Core Insights - The article discusses the increasing pressure on global healthcare systems due to aging populations and chronic disease burdens, highlighting inefficiencies in patient care processes, particularly in China [2] - Recent studies demonstrate that AI chatbots based on large language models (LLMs) can significantly enhance healthcare delivery by improving patient engagement and streamlining care transitions [3] Study 1: PreA Chatbot - The PreA chatbot, developed to assist patients transitioning from primary to specialist care, was tested in a randomized controlled trial involving 2,069 patients across 24 departments in two major hospitals in Western China [6][7] - Key findings include a 28.7% reduction in consultation time for patients using PreA, with average times decreasing from 4.41 minutes to 3.14 minutes, and a 113.1% improvement in the perceived usefulness of referral reports by specialists [7] - The success of PreA is attributed to its co-design with local stakeholders, ensuring it meets real clinical needs and operates effectively in resource-limited settings [10] Study 2: P&P Care Chatbot - The P&P Care chatbot focuses on enhancing the primary care experience and was also tested in a randomized controlled trial involving 2,113 participants across 11 provinces in China [12][13] - The co-design approach involved community members, leading to features that cater to cultural and literacy needs, such as voice interfaces and offline capabilities [15] - The P&P Care chatbot outperformed traditional primary care methods in areas like history-taking, diagnostic accuracy, and chronic disease management [15] Common Insights - Both studies emphasize the importance of co-design in deploying AI in healthcare, which helps avoid systemic biases and ensures tools are aligned with actual needs [17] - AI tools like PreA and P&P Care are not intended to replace doctors but to handle routine tasks, allowing healthcare professionals to focus on complex decision-making and patient care [18] - The robust performance of these AI chatbots in resource-limited environments suggests they could serve as models for improving healthcare equity globally [19]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a study comparing the effectiveness of three NAD+ supplements: Nicotinamide (Nam), Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), highlighting that NR and NMN significantly increase NAD+ levels in humans, while Nam does not show a significant difference compared to a placebo [2][3][9]. Group 1: Study Overview - The study was conducted by Nestlé Health Science and published in Nature Metabolism, focusing on the differential impacts of the three NAD+ boosters on human circulatory NAD+ levels and microbial metabolism [2][3][9]. - A total of 65 healthy participants were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving either NR (1000mg), NMN (1000mg), Nam (500mg), or a placebo for 14 days [9]. Group 2: Results - NR and NMN resulted in a doubling of NAD+ levels in participants, with increases of 49.4μM and 43.1μM respectively, while the Nam group showed no significant difference compared to the placebo group [9]. - The study indicates that the effectiveness of NR and NMN is due to their conversion to nicotinic acid (NA) by gut microbiota, leading to a sustained increase in NAD+ levels [11][12]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - NR and NMN require gut microbiota for their metabolism, which ensures a gradual and stable increase in NAD+ levels, while Nam is rapidly absorbed, leading to transient effects [11][12]. - The research also highlights that NR and NMN not only enhance NAD+ levels but also promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and increase the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), suggesting dual health benefits [15]. Group 4: Implications for Supplementation - The findings suggest that NR and NMN are superior choices for NAD+ supplementation, emphasizing the need for long-term use to achieve stable effects [15]. - The study underscores the importance of gut microbiota in nutrient metabolism and suggests that personalized supplementation strategies for specific populations, such as the elderly or those with gut dysbiosis, warrant further exploration [15].