2023年年底，看到日本制铁（日铁―NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION）准备用4000亿日元（约27.5亿美 元）并购美国钢铁公司（美钢―United States Steel Corporation）时，眼前浮现出东芝并购美国核电技术 企业西屋电子公司（Westinghouse Electric Company LLC.）的往事，有种不祥的感觉。 现在再看到日铁用3.6万亿日元（日元汇率在进行日铁并购的两年时间里有所变化，3.6万亿日元约为250 亿美元）最终拿下美钢，却只是想到了软银公司的孙正义总裁准备对美投资5000亿美元的项目，觉得 250亿美元对日本企业来说也许算不上什么，即便是竹篮打水，也是肉烂在了日美（军事）同盟的锅里 ——"值得"。 这些日子，将日本报道日铁并购美钢的新闻报道读遍，也没有找到日铁投资将近250亿美元的项目需要 用多少时间回收投资的内容。 财经媒体《日本经济新闻》独家专访日铁总裁桥本英二时没有提这方面的问题，综合报纸《朝日新闻》 同样在专访时也忘记了提这个问题。日本媒体关心的焦点在于是否能够重振日本钢铁产业的国际影响、 并购是否对美国有利？顺便问到的是准备如何与中国 ...

Core Viewpoint - Toshiba, a multinational corporation with a 130-year history, announced its decision to delist from the Tokyo Stock Exchange, marking a significant decline for a company that once thrived in the Chinese market and was a symbol of technological innovation [1][27]. Group 1: Historical Context - Toshiba was once a leader in various sectors, including home appliances and computing, and was known for creating the world's first laptop and transistor television [1]. - The company faced a major scandal in 1987 involving illegal transactions with the Soviet Union, which severely damaged its reputation and market position [2][7]. Group 2: Financial Performance - Toshiba's revenue has seen a significant decline over the years, from $53 billion in 1996 to $28.8 billion in 2021, reflecting a downward trend in its business performance [9]. - Despite facing external pressures, Toshiba managed to maintain a strong presence in the semiconductor market, particularly in flash memory, which was considered its most competitive segment by 2018 [22]. Group 3: Key Events and Challenges - The Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, where Toshiba was a key supplier of nuclear equipment, led to a loss of reputation and a significant reduction in nuclear power orders, contributing to its long-term decline [12][13]. - Financial scandals, including accounting fraud in 2015, further exacerbated Toshiba's struggles, leading to severe financial losses and a tarnished image [15][18]. Group 4: Strategic Decisions - Toshiba attempted to recover by acquiring Westinghouse Electric in a bid to enter the U.S. nuclear market, but this decision ultimately led to further financial troubles, resulting in the sale of the subsidiary [21]. - The company has been selling off assets, including its medical and home appliance divisions, in an effort to stabilize its finances, but these measures have not reversed its downward trajectory [17][24]. Group 5: Conclusion - The decision to delist from the Tokyo Stock Exchange signifies the culmination of Toshiba's decline, attributed to both external market conditions and internal mismanagement [27][29]. - The company's failure to adapt to changing market dynamics and maintain ethical standards has led to its downfall, serving as a cautionary tale for other corporations [29].

Group 1 - Japan's government has committed $7.4 billion (approximately 1.05 trillion yen) to quantum technology this year, which is more than three times the total investment over the past five years [1][2] - This investment represents a strategic shift driven by deep-seated concerns about historical failures in technology leadership, particularly in the semiconductor industry [3][4] - The Japanese government aims to transition from basic research to industrialization, with a clear goal of making quantum technology a pillar of future economic prosperity and national security [5][10] Group 2 - The investment is seen as a "preventive and high-risk" intervention to avoid being left behind in the global competition for technology leadership [7][9] - The government hopes to stimulate systemic change, encouraging research institutions, large enterprises, and potential startups to engage in the quantum race [8][9] - Japan's approach is characterized by a "collaborative giant ship" model, where the government leads and industrial giants collaborate, forming a powerful alliance [12][14] Group 3 - Major Japanese corporations like Toyota, NEC, and Fujitsu are expected to benefit significantly from government contracts and participation in core research projects [43][44] - The focus on building a self-sufficient supply chain for quantum technology components is a key aspect of Japan's strategy, aiming to avoid reliance on foreign suppliers [20][23] - The mixed quantum-classical computing strategy is seen as a pragmatic approach to leverage existing capabilities while aiming for quick results in various applications [17][18][19] Group 4 - Japan's commitment to quantum technology is likely to provoke responses from other major players, including the U.S. and China, potentially escalating a new round of "quantum arms race" [39][40][42] - The success of Japan's strategy will depend on overcoming challenges such as fostering a vibrant startup ecosystem and effectively translating research into marketable products [25][29][31] - Attracting and retaining top talent in the competitive global landscape is crucial for Japan to realize its quantum ambitions [32][34][38]

Group 1 - The event organized by Japanese companies in Shenzhen aimed to enhance cooperation between the Shenzen Guangming District and Japanese enterprises through investment environment assessments and industry-specific matchmaking [1][3] - Participating Japanese companies included Toshiba (China) Co., Ltd., Mizuho Bank (China) Co., Ltd., and others, covering sectors such as semiconductors, high-end manufacturing, smart home appliances, urban design, finance, and consulting [3] - The delegation visited leading companies in Guangming District, including Betterray New Materials Group, a top global supplier of lithium-ion battery anode materials, and Nuoan Intelligent Co., Ltd., a specialized manufacturer of gas sensors and detection instruments [3] Group 2 - Guangming District has previously hosted a delegation from the UK-China Trade Association, which included representatives from notable institutions and foreign enterprises, indicating a growing interest in the district's innovative technologies and strong industrial foundation [4] - In the first half of the year, Guangming District actively sought connections with foreign companies, including Panasonic and Victoria's Secret, to strengthen its international presence and attract foreign investment [5] - The district has engaged in various promotional activities, resulting in over 70 foreign enterprises visiting and establishing strategic partnerships, including with Alstom and the Australian Doner Group [5]

Group 1 - The article highlights Japan's precarious position in the semiconductor supply chain, particularly due to U.S. restrictions on exports of critical materials and technologies [1][3] - Japan is home to 23% of the world's semiconductor raw material factories, particularly in Kumamoto, which produces high-purity fluorinated polyimide essential for 3nm chips [1] - The U.S. has imposed conditions on Japan's exports, including the requirement for EUV lithography machines to have geofencing systems, effectively monitoring Japan's semiconductor capabilities [3] Group 2 - Japan's reliance on the U.S. for raw materials is increasing, with 43% of its high-purity rare earth production directed to North America, raising concerns about becoming a technology dependency nation [5] - Toshiba's 2023 financial report indicates a 12% drop in yield for silicon carbide chips due to a lack of domestic etching equipment, while Shin-Etsu Chemical faces rising wafer costs from using U.S. substitutes [6] - The average age of semiconductor engineers in Japan is 51, with a 38% decrease in young professionals over five years, indicating a talent crisis in the industry [6] Group 3 - Japan is exploring alternative technologies, such as quantum computing and hydrogen energy chips, as part of a strategic pivot in its semiconductor approach [8] - Panasonic has developed a miniaturized hydrogen production reactor, and advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technology have been made at the University of Tokyo [10] - Hitachi has created a "three-layer protection" verification system to enhance security in semiconductor material transport [11] Group 4 - Chinese manufacturers are benefiting from Japan's technological constraints, with new domestic etching machines utilizing expired Japanese patents and lower-cost rare earth extraction methods [13][14] - In 2023, Japan was compelled to relax 63 expired patent licenses, leading to a significant outflow of semiconductor talent to China [14] - The article suggests that the ongoing semiconductor conflict is a reflection of broader resource competition and emphasizes the need for Japan to rebuild its innovation ecosystem independently [16]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ambitious vision behind the development of the Cell processor by Sony, IBM, and Toshiba, highlighting its potential to revolutionize computing architecture and its eventual shortcomings in the market [1][3][21]. Group 1: Development of Cell Processor - In 2000, Sony, IBM, and Toshiba announced a collaboration to develop the Cell processor, aiming for a computing architecture that could achieve unprecedented performance levels, targeting 1 trillion floating-point operations per second [3][4]. - IBM committed to investing $400 million to establish design centers and manufacturing facilities for the Cell processor, while Sony and Toshiba contributed their respective technologies [4]. - The Cell processor was designed to integrate multiple computing units on a single chip, with the goal of creating a highly parallel computing environment [4][5]. Group 2: Technical Specifications - The Cell processor features a 64-bit PowerPC core (PPE) and up to 32 synergistic processing elements (SPEs), achieving peak performance of 1 TFLOPS in its initial prototype [11][12]. - The architecture includes a unique memory structure where SPEs cannot directly access system memory, requiring explicit data management, which increases programming complexity but enhances efficiency [9][12]. - The interconnect bus (EIB) allows for high bandwidth communication between processing units, crucial for maximizing the processor's performance [9]. Group 3: Market Performance and Challenges - Despite its theoretical performance, the Cell processor faced significant challenges in mass production due to high power consumption and complex architecture, leading to a reduced number of SPEs in the final version [11][12]. - The PlayStation 3, which utilized the Cell processor, struggled in the market due to its high manufacturing costs and the difficulty developers faced in optimizing games for its architecture [13][14]. - Competing products, such as Microsoft's Xbox 360, offered simpler architectures that were easier for developers to work with, further hindering the PS3's market performance [13][14]. Group 4: Legacy and Conclusion - Although the Cell processor did not achieve mainstream success in gaming, it found applications in high-performance computing, notably in the Roadrunner supercomputer, which was the first to exceed 1 PetaFLOPS [16][18]. - The innovative design of the Cell processor influenced future computing architectures, particularly in parallel processing and GPU computing [21]. - By 2012, IBM officially discontinued support for the Cell architecture, marking the end of an era for a processor that had once held great promise [19].

Core Points - Toshiba plans to cut up to 4,000 jobs in Japan as part of a restructuring program following its delisting in September after being taken private by a consortium [1][5] - The job cuts will be achieved through voluntary early retirement for employees aged over 50 who meet specific criteria, with the aim to restore the company's growth trajectory [2] - Toshiba targets an operating profit of 380 billion yen ($2.5 billion) and a return on sales of 10 percent by fiscal 2026, along with relocating its head office functions to Kawasaki by the first half of fiscal 2025 [3] Company Background - Toshiba has faced multiple crises in recent years, including a significant accounting scandal in 2015 and substantial losses from its US nuclear subsidiary Westinghouse [4] - The company was taken private in March 2023 through a takeover bid worth around $14 billion, leading to its shares being delisted after over 70 years on the Tokyo stock exchange [5]

Financial Performance - Net sales increased by 128 billion yen, from 7279 billion yen in FY2021/Q1 to 7407 billion yen in FY2022/Q1[7] - Operating income decreased by 193 billion yen, from 145 billion yen in FY2021/Q1 to -48 billion yen in FY2022/Q1[7] - Net income increased by 79 billion yen, from 180 billion yen in FY2021/Q1 to 259 billion yen in FY2022/Q1, due to higher non-operating income[7] - Free cash flow decreased by 617 billion yen, from 1553 billion yen in FY2021/Q1 to 936 billion yen in FY2022/Q1[7] - The company maintains its FY2022 full-year operating income forecast at 1700 billion yen, released on May 13, 2022[7] Segment Performance - Energy Systems & Solutions net sales increased by 23% (+231 billion yen), from 987 billion yen to 1218 billion yen[32] - Electronic Devices & Storage Solutions net sales decreased by 10% (-194 billion yen), from 2009 billion yen to 1815 billion yen[32] - Building Solutions net sales remained relatively flat, increasing by 03 billion yen, from 1420 billion yen to 1423 billion yen[32] Forecast - FY2022 net sales are forecasted to be 33 trillion yen, a decrease of 1% (-370 billion yen) compared to FY2021[63] - FY2022 operating income is forecasted to be 1700 billion yen, an increase of 111 billion yen compared to FY2021[63] - The company forecasts equity attributable to shareholders to be 128 trillion yen, an increase of 734 billion yen[61]

Financial Data and Key Indicator Changes - For Q3 2021, net sales increased to ¥2.3551 trillion, a year-on-year increase of ¥255.6 billion or 12% [16] - Operating income rose to ¥87.6 billion, an increase of ¥63.6 billion year-on-year [16] - Net income, excluding tax expenses, reached ¥114.9 billion, up ¥71.3 billion from the previous year [16] Business Line Data and Key Indicator Changes - **Energy Systems & Solutions**: Net sales were ¥361.5 billion, up ¥58 billion year-on-year, with operating income increasing by ¥14.3 billion to ¥8.1 billion [20] - **Infrastructure Systems & Solutions**: Net sales were ¥416.6 billion, with operating income at ¥6.9 billion, impacted by COVID-19 and semiconductor shortages [21] - **Building Solutions**: Net sales increased to ¥434.5 billion, with operating income at ¥17.9 billion, driven by recovery in air conditioning and elevators [22] - **Electronic Devices & Storage Solutions**: Net sales reached ¥659.8 billion, up ¥143 billion year-on-year, with operating income increasing by ¥48.5 billion to ¥55.8 billion [23] - **Retail & Printing Digital Solutions**: Net sales were ¥334.6 billion, with operating income recovering to ¥8.3 billion [24] - **Digital Solutions**: Net sales increased to ¥156.1 billion, with operating income at ¥13.2 billion, up by ¥4.1 billion [25] Market Data and Key Indicator Changes - Orders received increased by 11% year-on-year during the first nine months of the fiscal year [26] - Order backlog increased by 3% compared to the same period last year [26] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is pursuing a strategic reorganization plan, including a two-way spin-off to eliminate conglomerate discount and enhance shareholder value [7][12] - The management aims to achieve efficient capital allocation and focused management through the spin-off [7] - The company is engaging in continuous dialogue with potential partners to align interests for collaboration [11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged the ongoing impact of soaring material and logistics costs, as well as semiconductor shortages, which are expected to continue affecting performance [15][17] - The company revised its full-year performance forecast downward due to these challenges, projecting net sales of ¥3.34 trillion and operating income of ¥155 billion [28][31] Other Important Information - The company plans to hold an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on March 24 to confirm shareholder opinions on the strategic reorganization [5][6] - A capital surplus of ¥300 billion is expected over the next two years, which will be used for shareholder returns [10] Q&A Session Summary Question: Concerns about shareholder approval for the strategic reorganization - Management clarified that the current proposal seeks a simple majority for approval, not a two-thirds majority, to respect the wishes of the majority of shareholders [36][37] Question: Expectations for shareholder support and share price reactions - Management expressed confidence in receiving support from shareholders and acknowledged the complexity of share price fluctuations [42][43] Question: Feedback from shareholders and employees regarding the reorganization - Management indicated that various opinions have been received from shareholders and employees, and they are committed to listening and making improvements [52][54] Question: Governance structure and delays in director selection - Management explained that the delay in selecting directors is due to the ongoing spin-off process and the need to identify suitable candidates with the right expertise [75][78] Question: Impact of the two-way split on business operations - Management confirmed that the core business focus remains unchanged, and the two-way split is intended to enhance operational efficiency [77][79]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the first half of FY 2021, sales revenue was ¥1,546.4 billion, an increase of ¥175 billion year-over-year, while operating income was ¥45 billion, up ¥41.9 billion compared to the same period last year [60][61] - Free cash flow improved to positive ¥131.4 billion, an increase of ¥124.3 billion year-over-year [61] - The company expects net sales of ¥3.5 trillion for FY 2023, with an operating margin of 5.7% and ROIC of 10% [55] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The Semiconductor business performed well, contributing to positive growth in revenue and income [59] - The Energy Systems segment saw net sales of ¥236 billion, with an operating income of ¥4.5 billion, reflecting a ¥45.9 billion increase from the previous year [72] - The Device & Storage segment reported net sales of ¥432.9 billion, up ¥108.9 billion year-over-year, with operating income increasing by ¥30.1 billion [75] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Orders received increased by 19% year-over-year, driven by large-scale projects [62][77] - The Infrastructure Systems segment experienced a slight decrease in revenue, while other segments saw increases [65] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company plans to separate into three independent entities: Infrastructure Service Company, Device Company, and Toshiba, to enhance focus and agility in decision-making [15][21] - The Infrastructure Service Company aims for net sales of ¥2.1 trillion, focusing on renewable energy and infrastructure resilience [17] - The Device Company targets net sales of ¥870 billion, focusing on semiconductors and storage solutions [18] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged challenges such as rising material and logistics costs and semiconductor shortages but emphasized the strong performance of the semiconductor business [63] - The strategic reorganization is seen as the best path forward for sustainable profitable growth and value creation for stakeholders [21][35] Other Important Information - The company has committed to a targeted dividend payout ratio of 30%, increasing dividends from ¥30 per share in FY 2018 to an expected ¥80 per share in FY 2021 [28] - A special dividend of ¥110 per share was distributed during FY 2021, and a stock buyback of ¥100 billion was completed [64][28] Q&A Session Summary Question: What discussions led to the separation into three entities? - The Board and SRC had ongoing discussions for five months, evaluating various strategic options before concluding that a tax-free spin-off was the best path forward [90][91] Question: What are the sources of growth post-spin-off? - The focus will be on creating agile management structures that can respond quickly to market conditions, with specific investments in power semiconductors and other growth areas [94][96] Question: How will stakeholders be informed about the reorganization? - The company plans to communicate the benefits and processes of the reorganization to all stakeholders, ensuring understanding and acceptance [104][105] Question: What is the plan for Kioxia shares? - The company intends to return the net proceeds from the sale of Kioxia shares to shareholders while maintaining the IPO strategy for Kioxia [107]