《 人民日报 》（ 2025年11月04日 06 版） (责编：牛镛、岳弘彬) 本报南京11月3日电 （记者杨昊）10月31日至11月3日，第十九届"挑战杯"全国大学生课外学术科技作 品竞赛决赛、科创报国汇报会暨颁奖活动在南京大学举行。本届竞赛由共青团中央、中国科协、教育 部、中国社会科学院、中国工程院、全国学联、江苏省政府共同主办，以"青春为中国式现代化挺膺担 当"为主题，举办主体赛和"揭榜挂帅""人工智能+"专项赛及项目对接转化会等系列活动。 全国2700多所高校的40余万件作品参赛。经过激烈角逐，清华大学获"挑战杯"，华中科技大学等56所高 校获"优胜杯"。据了解，竞赛首次遴选中国青年科技创新"揭榜挂帅"擂台赛主擂台城市8个，助力解决 经济社会发展领域科技难题。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is the emphasis on education in the "15th Five-Year Plan," highlighting the exploration of extending compulsory education and expanding free education [1][2][3] - The plan mentions the need to enhance the accessibility and quality of public education services, focusing on balanced development in compulsory education and expanding resources for ordinary high schools [2][3] - The proposal to extend compulsory education from 9 years to potentially 12 or 15 years is a significant strategic shift in China's education policy, responding to demographic changes and societal needs [3][4] Group 2 - The plan includes a focus on expanding the enrollment of high-quality undergraduate programs to address the increasing number of college applicants, which is projected to reach 13.42 million in 2024 [4][5] - The government aims to optimize higher education structure and improve quality through targeted enrollment increases in urgently needed disciplines [4][5] - There is a call for collaboration between education, technology, and talent development, emphasizing the importance of building a strong innovation ecosystem and enhancing international academic exchanges [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The seminar on cultivating top innovative talents in 2025, hosted by Shenzhen Zero One Academy and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, aims to enhance collaboration among universities and promote personalized development paths for students [1][3]. Group 1: Event Overview - The seminar took place from October 31 to November 2 at the Jiangjun Road campus, featuring participation from leaders, experts, and representatives from 40 universities, including Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University [1]. - The event included the unveiling of the "Chang Kong Innovation Class - Zero One Class," marking a new phase in the joint training initiative between Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Shenzhen Zero One Academy [5]. Group 2: Key Presentations - Zheng Quanshui presented on the concept of "A-type talents (excellent-oriented)" and "X-type talents (excellence-oriented)," emphasizing the need to stimulate intrinsic motivation in students and focus on long-term growth through real scientific challenges [7]. - Zheng Li discussed Tsinghua University's "Wuqiong Academy" and its goal of cultivating AI leaders through interdisciplinary integration and industry-academia collaboration [7]. - Pan Shilong shared Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics' model for cultivating top innovative talents, highlighting the "one main line, three guarantees, and four driving forces" approach [9]. - Shen Yang presented on the transformation of water conservancy majors at Hohai University, addressing the industry's shift towards "management, operation, and ecological protection" and the demand for "water conservancy + AI" [9]. Group 3: Forum and Workshops - A roundtable forum was held with academicians and university leaders discussing topics such as "boundary-breaking integration," "faculty incentives," and "evaluation systems" in the context of talent cultivation in the AI era [9]. - The seminar also featured specialized sharing sessions and workshops aimed at translating theoretical outcomes into practical applications, enhancing the quality of innovative talent cultivation across national universities [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the expansion of high-quality undergraduate education in China, driven by government initiatives to increase enrollment in "double first-class" universities and align educational offerings with national strategic needs [2][3][4]. Group 1: Expansion of Quality Undergraduate Education - The Chinese government plans to continue expanding the scale of quality undergraduate education, with a target to increase enrollment by an additional 20,000 students this year, following last year's increase of 16,000 [2][3]. - Major universities, including Tsinghua, Peking University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, have announced plans to expand their undergraduate enrollment by 150 students each this year [3]. Group 2: Focus on Strategic Fields - The expansion of undergraduate programs will focus on areas critical to national strategic needs, such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, and biomedicine, among others [4][5]. - New research-oriented universities are emerging, attracting high-scoring students and competing with established 985 universities in terms of admission scores [4]. Group 3: Curriculum and Program Optimization - The Ministry of Education has issued guidelines to optimize undergraduate program offerings, emphasizing the need to align with national strategies and market demands [5][6]. - Institutions are encouraged to develop new interdisciplinary programs and enhance existing ones to better meet the needs of emerging industries and societal demands [5][6]. Group 4: Infrastructure Development - Several "double first-class" universities are establishing new campuses to accommodate the growing number of students and to focus on emerging interdisciplinary fields [6]. - For instance, Huazhong Normal University is developing a new campus that will concentrate on key areas such as artificial intelligence and integrated circuits, aiming to cultivate top-tier innovative talent [6].

Core Points - Tsinghua University has been recognized for its innovative educational reforms aimed at cultivating outstanding talents, receiving the National Teaching Achievement Award for its "Three-in-One" educational philosophy [1][2] - The university's "Yao Class" exemplifies its commitment to nurturing top-tier innovative talents, with significant achievements in research and academic contributions [2][3] - The implementation of the "Xuetang Plan" and the establishment of various colleges have transformed the educational landscape, promoting personalized and interdisciplinary learning [3][5] Group 1 - Tsinghua University has been awarded the National Teaching Achievement Award for its "Three-in-One" educational philosophy, focusing on value shaping, ability cultivation, and knowledge transmission [1] - The "Yao Class" has produced notable results, including 468 published papers and 155 presentations at international conferences, reflecting the university's capability to nurture top talents [2] - The university's commitment to creating the best undergraduate environment has led to significant reforms in talent cultivation, integrating personalized education and interdisciplinary approaches [3] Group 2 - The "Xuetang Plan" initiated in 2009 has established specialized classes in fundamental disciplines, guided by renowned scholars, to foster exceptional talent [2][3] - The introduction of a college system has allowed for a more flexible and integrated approach to education, breaking down traditional departmental barriers [5][6] - Tsinghua University emphasizes a student-centered approach in its colleges, focusing on personalized mentorship and diverse evaluation methods to enhance student growth [6][7] Group 3 - The establishment of various colleges, such as the Qiuzhen College, aims to cultivate leading talents in mathematics and other fields, aligning with the university's long-term vision for talent development [8] - The university has implemented a comprehensive teacher evaluation system to ensure high-quality instruction, recognizing teachers as a vital asset in talent cultivation [8][9] - The vibrant learning environment at Tsinghua University, characterized by modern facilities and interactive teaching methods, reflects the ongoing educational reforms [9]

Core Points - The article discusses the memorial service for Yang Zhenning, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist and a prominent figure in Chinese science, who passed away at the age of 103 [2][3][4] - The service took place at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, where thousands of people gathered to pay their respects, reflecting the deep admiration and respect for Yang's contributions to science and his patriotism [1][2][4][20] - Many attendees, including students and young professionals, expressed how Yang's work and philosophy had a profound impact on their lives, showcasing his role as a mentor and inspiration [6][10][12][20] Summary by Sections Memorial Service - The memorial service for Yang Zhenning was held on October 24 at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, attended by a large crowd dressed in mourning attire [2][4] - Attendees brought flowers and cards, with many expressing their gratitude for Yang's contributions to science and his influence on their personal journeys [5][6][9] Personal Reflections - Individuals like Huang Yucheng and Song Yilin traveled from afar to honor Yang, sharing personal stories of how his teachings and achievements inspired them in their academic and professional pursuits [6][10][12] - Huang described Yang as a guiding light during his moments of uncertainty, while Song reflected on Yang's role in changing perceptions of Chinese scientists on the global stage [8][10][12] Legacy and Impact - Yang Zhenning's legacy includes not only his scientific achievements but also his dedication to nurturing future generations of scientists in China, as evidenced by his efforts in establishing the Tsinghua University Institute for Advanced Study [13][14] - The article highlights the collective sentiment among attendees that Yang's contributions to science and his patriotic spirit will continue to inspire future generations [20][21]

Core Insights - The article discusses a new embodied AI task proposed by Tsinghua University, focusing on "multi-drone volleyball," which aims to enhance the capabilities of drones in a three-dimensional space through teamwork and strategy [1][2]. Group 1: Task Overview - The "multi-drone volleyball" task requires drones to demonstrate high maneuverability and precise control while collaborating as a team to hit a ball over a net and compete against opposing teams [2]. - The Tsinghua team has developed the VolleyBots testing platform to simulate the human learning process in volleyball, incorporating various tasks for single and multiple drones [2][6]. Group 2: Algorithm Development - The Hierarchical Co-Self-Play (HCSP) algorithm was designed to enable drones to learn cooperation, division of roles, and offensive/defensive transitions through hierarchical strategy learning and self-play mechanisms [2][12]. - The research incorporated various reinforcement learning and game-theoretic algorithms, with the HCSP showing an average win rate of 82.9% against multiple baseline algorithms [15]. Group 3: Training Phases - The training process consists of three phases: low-level skill learning, high-level strategy game playing, and collaborative self-play, allowing drones to evolve their strategies and skills in a competitive environment [14]. - The drones demonstrated the ability to form clear roles during matches, such as defense, passing, and offense, and even developed new tactics like "setter's lob" during training [15]. Group 4: Real-World Application - The JuggleRL system was introduced to enable drones to perform continuous juggling in the real world, achieving a record of 462 consecutive juggles without any real data fine-tuning [16][18]. - This achievement marks a significant step in embodied reinforcement learning, transitioning from virtual environments to real physical interactions [18][19].

Core Viewpoint - The second "International Academic Forum on Ancient Scripts and Chinese Civilization" was held at Tsinghua University, emphasizing the integration of traditional culture with modern technology, particularly artificial intelligence [1] Group 1: Academic Achievements - Tsinghua University has made significant academic contributions in the field of ancient script research, promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture [1] - The university's Center for Research and Protection of Excavated Documents has published multiple important works, including 14 volumes of the "Reports on the Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period" and a series of English translations [1] Group 2: International Collaboration - The forum aims to deepen and expand international academic exchanges and cooperation in ancient script research, fostering mutual learning between Chinese civilization and world civilizations [1] - Tsinghua University is committed to enhancing international collaboration to contribute to the construction of a culturally strong nation and to inject more power into the development of human civilization [1]

Core Insights - The article highlights five significant research papers published in the journal Cell, with four originating from Chinese scholars, focusing on advancements in DNA sensors, anti-aging potential through protein restriction, new antidepressant molecules, and cancer cell immune evasion mechanisms [3]. Group 1: SARM1 and DNA Sensing - The research from Dalian Medical University reveals that SARM1 can sense double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and induce cell death by degrading NAD+ in a sequence-independent manner [5][6]. - SARM1's interaction with dsDNA is crucial for its activation, and its gene knockout can prevent chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in mice [5][6]. Group 2: Protein Restriction and Aging - The study from West Lake University presents a comprehensive proteomic landscape of aging, showing that protein restriction can reshape the protein expression and epigenomic states associated with aging [9][10]. - The findings suggest that midlife is the optimal period for protein restriction interventions, which are linked to improved cardiovascular health and reduced inflammation risks [9][10]. Group 3: Norepinephrine Transporter and Antidepressants - Research from Lingang Laboratory identifies conformation-selective regulatory mechanisms of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and proposes a new inhibitor recognition mechanism [14]. - The study led to the discovery of a small molecule with antidepressant activity, providing a structural basis for understanding NET and other monoamine transporters [14]. Group 4: Cancer Cell Immune Evasion - The research from Fudan University reveals that cancer cells can exploit inter-organ neuroimmune circuits to evade immune surveillance by activating pain-sensing neurons [18][20]. - This mechanism involves the secretion of SLIT2, which enhances tumor-associated macrophage polarization towards a pro-tumor state, thereby promoting tumor growth and reducing the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies [18][20]. Group 5: Coronavirus Replication Mechanisms - A study from Tsinghua University elucidates the molecular mechanisms of RNA template recycling and capping in SARS-CoV-2, resolving long-standing debates in the field [23][24]. - The research captures critical pre-capping and post-capping initiation states, enhancing the understanding of RNA virus transcription and replication processes [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the life and contributions of Yang Zhenning, a renowned physicist and Nobel laureate, highlighting his significant impact on modern physics and his dedication to education and national development [1][5][9]. Group 1: Contributions to Physics - Yang Zhenning is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century, with foundational contributions to modern physics, including the Yang-Mills theory and the concept of parity violation in weak interactions, which earned him the Nobel Prize in 1957 [1][4]. - His work laid the groundwork for the standard model of particle physics, comparable to Maxwell's equations and Einstein's general relativity [1][4]. - He made significant advancements in various fields, including statistical physics and condensed matter physics, influencing the development of these disciplines [1][4]. Group 2: Educational Impact - Yang Zhenning established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in 1997, significantly contributing to talent recruitment and academic development [3][7]. - He actively participated in mentoring students and guiding research, emphasizing the importance of independent thinking and broad knowledge acquisition [7][8]. - His efforts in promoting education and scientific research in China have had a lasting impact, with many scholars benefiting from his initiatives [6][8]. Group 3: National Pride and Contributions - Yang Zhenning expressed a deep sense of national pride and contributed to changing perceptions of Chinese scientists on the global stage [5][6]. - He played a crucial role in fostering Sino-American academic exchanges and supported the development of scientific policies in China [6][9]. - His return to China and subsequent contributions were driven by a desire to support the nation's scientific progress and education [5][6]. Group 4: Legacy and Influence - Yang Zhenning's life exemplified a commitment to truth-seeking and excellence in science, inspiring future generations of scholars [4][5]. - His passing prompted widespread mourning and reflection on his contributions, with many expressing a desire to carry forward his spirit of dedication and patriotism [9]. - The article emphasizes the importance of learning from Yang Zhenning's character and contributions to continue advancing science and education in China [9].