这并不是一个新问题，而是人类与生俱来的天性。亚当和夏娃拥有整个伊甸园，内心却依旧欲壑难填； 哪怕冲过终点线，将苦苦追寻的奖品尽数握在手中，这份满足也终究短暂，迟早会归于厌倦。 迈克尔·E·朗 多巴胺是人脑中最为关键的化学物质。 在现代生活的即时体验中，多巴胺是我们首先需要理解的存在——它是读懂内心冲动、认清自身行为反 应的关键。 当我们在生活中处理任何选择问题时，多巴胺会驱动我们去获得、发现。这是它进化的目的，因为获得 和发现对我们有益，让我们活下去。 可如今，多巴胺的大部分作用现在不仅不再必要，反而会导致困扰。即便目标已经达成，它强大的驱动 力也并未消退，依旧保留着原始的进化惯性。这意味着在现代社会多巴胺常常是一个闯祸精。 多巴胺的绝大多数重要功能，都发生在我们的意识之外，却偏偏会在我们专注思考时制造困扰。我们常 会发现，多巴胺总在肆意彰显自身的力量，却从未带来任何积极的价值：它会无端催生种种期待，让我 们为大概率不会发生的威胁分心；也会用虚无缥缈的机会诱惑我们，搅乱内心的平静，最终让我们满心 失落。正是这套生物系统，助力我们构建起这个充满奇迹的世界，可如今，它却屡屡将我们变成这个世 界里焦虑不安、欲求不满 ...

来源：科技日报 本报记者 张佳欣 这种生物化学反应为"沉没成本"提供了坚实的神经基础：因为你付出的足够多，所以获得回报的那一 刻，大脑给你的愉悦感冲击也更加猛烈。这种爆发式的快感会反过来重塑你的认知，认为它更值钱了。 但实际上，只是大脑在为你努力的汗水买单。 为了抢到一张心仪歌手的演唱会门票，你提前定好闹钟，在几个平台间疯狂切换，甚至不惜加价购 买"溢价票"，抢到票以后你会觉得无比喜悦；为了排到那家网红餐厅，你在寒风中瑟瑟发抖两小时，进 店后即便菜品味道一般，你也会自我安慰"来都来了，其实还行"；在一段早已千疮百孔的感情里，你一 边抱怨对方的冷漠，一边却因为"在一起这么多年"而迟迟不肯放手…… 这些生活场景背后的逻辑其实很古怪。我们对一件事物的估值，往往不取决于它本身的价值，而取决于 我们为其付出的代价。在经济学和心理学中，这被解释为"沉没成本"。即便客观收益已经微乎其微，只 要你投入了金钱、时间，甚至情绪，大脑就会像产生执念一样，还想继续投入。 为什么进化没有让我们变得更理智？近期，美国斯坦福大学医学中心科学家的最新研究，揭开了这背后 的神经科学奥秘。 在小鼠实验中，科学家设置了一系列关卡。小鼠需要通过反复 ...

Core Viewpoint - Staying up late is particularly dangerous in winter due to reduced sunlight exposure, which affects melatonin secretion and overall health. Group 1: Impact on Sleep Quality - Winter nights lead to increased difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep quality due to delayed melatonin secretion [14][19]. - Research indicates that 17.6% of women and 9.0% of men report insomnia in winter, significantly higher than other seasons [21]. - A study involving 13,296 French employees found that insufficient natural light correlates with a 28.8% insomnia rate [21]. Group 2: Emotional and Mental Health Effects - Lack of sunlight in winter can lead to lower levels of Vitamin D, which is essential for serotonin and dopamine production, potentially resulting in depression [32][33]. - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is characterized by winter depression, with symptoms worsening in low-light conditions [36][37]. - Research shows that shorter sleep duration increases the risk of depression, with a notable correlation between sleep time and depression risk scores [40][41]. Group 3: Physical Health Risks - Sleep deprivation increases susceptibility to cold, as studies show that lack of sleep impairs the body's ability to regulate temperature [50][52]. - Winter is a high-risk season for heart-related issues, with studies indicating a higher incidence of myocardial infarction at temperatures below 0°C [63][64]. - A long-term study found that individuals who sleep after midnight have a 62.8% higher risk of heart attack compared to those who sleep earlier [68][69].

Core Insights - The first three-year performance report of personal pension funds shows that over 90% of the products achieved positive returns, with an average return exceeding 9% [1][2] - The personal pension investment system has been enhanced with the inclusion of various investment products, such as index funds and electronic savings bonds, showcasing the advantages of funds in competing with other financial products [1][2] Summary by Categories Performance of Personal Pension Funds - As of November 25, 2025, out of 129 personal pension funds, 120 achieved positive returns, resulting in a high success rate of 93% and an average return of 9.14% [2] - Notable funds include Guotai Min'an Pension 2040 with a return of 32.39% and Penghua Pension 2045 with 25.6%, with 12 funds exceeding a 15% return [2][3] Fund Categories and Returns - The total number of personal pension products has surpassed 1200, with 311 being fund products [2][4] - The average return for the 311 personal pension fund Y shares since inception is 13.33%, with passive index funds showing exceptional performance, some exceeding 40% [4] Investor Profile and Preferences - The majority of Y share holders prefer aggressive products (77%), while conservative products account for 18%, and balanced products only 5% [9][12] - The age distribution shows that the primary holders are aged 30-50, with males making up nearly 70% of the holders [12] Advantages of Y Shares - Y shares offer tax benefits, lower fees compared to other funds, and encourage systematic investment, promoting better investment habits [13] - Investing in equities is essential for young investors to combat inflation and maintain purchasing power over time [14] Investment Psychology - The investment experience is compared to dopamine (instant gratification) and endorphins (long-term satisfaction), emphasizing the importance of disciplined, long-term planning in pension investments [15]

#多巴胺 #身心灵 #专注力清修的功能是多巴胺分泌机制重置。 https://t.co/72KcfrR4WB ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the perception of time and how it feels like it is accelerating due to various cognitive factors, rather than an actual change in time itself [5][6][10]. Group 1: Factors Influencing Time Perception - Novelty Effect: New and unexpected experiences lead to heightened attention and richer memories, making those moments feel longer [7]. - Contextual Change Hypothesis: The brain perceives time based on the number of different events recorded; more changes lead to a longer perceived duration [8]. - Internal Clock and Attention: The brain's internal system records time through pulses, and attention levels affect how many pulses are recorded, influencing time perception [9]. Group 2: Predictability and Time Compression - Predictability compresses time as familiar experiences are stored with fewer details, leading to a feeling of time passing quickly [10]. - Engaging in new experiences can help extend the perception of time by creating memorable moments [11]. Group 3: Strategies to Enhance Time Perception - Reintroducing novelty through small changes can awaken the brain and slow down the perception of time [11]. - Focusing on sensory experiences rather than just cognitive processing can enhance time perception [12]. - Breaking automatic patterns and creating unique moments can help in forming lasting memories [13][14]. Group 4: Attention and Cognitive Load - Attention is a limited resource, and distractions can lead to a fragmented experience of time [17][18]. - The brain's response to stimuli can lead to a preference for more exciting experiences, which can alter the baseline of attention [21]. Group 5: Mindfulness and Focus Training - Practicing mindfulness and reducing high-stimulation inputs can help reset the brain's perception of time [24][25]. - Deliberate training of focus through small, sustained activities can help rebuild the brain's attention capacity [26][27].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the various ways programmers cope with stress and maintain their mental well-being, particularly in the context of the 1024 Programmer's Day celebration, highlighting the importance of finding joy and relaxation amidst the pressures of coding and work life [3][29]. Group 1: Coping Mechanisms - Programmers utilize physical activities to clear their minds, emphasizing the importance of changing their physical environment to alleviate stress [6]. - Engaging in hobbies that induce a flow state similar to coding can provide mental relaxation without being work-related [8]. - Some programmers prefer to escape into virtual worlds to gain a sense of control and achievement that may be lacking in their real lives [11]. Group 2: Food as a Comfort - Food is highlighted as a quick way to boost mood and energy, with the satisfaction of taste providing a rapid source of dopamine [16]. - McDonald's is presented as a nostalgic and reliable source of comfort food for programmers, offering a sense of stability and joy through its consistent menu [23][25]. Group 3: Special Promotions - To celebrate Programmer's Day, McDonald's is offering special promotions, including a fun quiz and discounts for programmers, reinforcing its connection to the programming community [29][30]. - The campaign aims to engage programmers by providing them with a sense of belonging and recognition during this special occasion [35].

Core Insights - OpenAI is set to release a new version of ChatGPT that will reintroduce a personalized "soul" similar to GPT-4o and will include an "adult mode" for generating explicit content starting in December [1][3][7] - The shift towards a more human-like interaction in ChatGPT is seen as a response to user dissatisfaction with the previous version, which was perceived as overly robotic [7][9] - The competition in the AI space is intensifying, with OpenAI's move being compared to Elon Musk's Grok, which also focuses on human-like engagement and adult content [10][20][28] Group 1: OpenAI's Strategy - OpenAI aims to regain user engagement by restoring the "human touch" in ChatGPT, which had been lost in earlier updates [7][9] - The introduction of an adult mode is a strategic decision to attract a broader user base and increase engagement [3][21] - The company is navigating a delicate balance between user safety and the desire for more engaging content, reflecting a shift from strict limitations to a more flexible approach [30][31] Group 2: Competitive Landscape - Musk's Grok is positioned as a direct competitor, leveraging human desires for companionship and explicit content to drive user engagement [20][28] - The AI industry is evolving into a battle for user attention, with companies focusing on creating addictive experiences rather than purely technical advancements [27][28] - OpenAI's recent changes indicate a broader industry trend where companies are adapting to market demands, even if it means compromising on previous ideals [31]

Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of the Nobel Prize winners' calm reactions to their achievements, emphasizing a deeper understanding of intrinsic motivation and curiosity in education [2][6][15] Group 1: Nobel Prize Winners' Reactions - Nobel laureates exhibit a profound sense of calm and deep joy rather than ecstatic reactions upon receiving their awards, indicating a different value system regarding external recognition [2][4][6] - The winners often attribute their success to teamwork and the joy of scientific exploration rather than personal glory, showcasing a collective mindset [2][5][6] Group 2: Dopamine and Motivation - The article explains the unique dopamine release patterns in the brains of these scientists, where intrinsic rewards from exploration and discovery are valued more than external accolades [4][5][7] - The distinction between reward-driven and behavior-driven dopamine release is highlighted, suggesting that true motivation stems from a love for the work itself rather than external validation [7][8] Group 3: Curiosity and Learning - Curiosity is categorized into two types: recreational curiosity, which seeks immediate gratification, and cognitive curiosity, which drives deeper exploration and understanding [8][9] - The decision-making process in the brain involves a cost-benefit analysis that influences how curiosity is valued, with cognitive curiosity often undervalued in everyday life [9][10] Group 4: Cultivating Cognitive Curiosity - The development of cognitive curiosity is influenced by external environments and internal experiences, emphasizing the importance of supportive feedback from parents and educators [10][11] - The article suggests practical strategies for parents to foster cognitive curiosity in children, such as encouraging exploration, creating engaging environments, and allowing for unstructured time [15][16][17]

观察情绪与趋势是一项二级的重要命题昨天和朋友聊到多巴胺，有的人是健身能产生多巴胺，我说炒币能带来多巴胺勇气、激情和想象力能用来克服偏见 ...