面对特朗普的关税威胁，欧洲领导人正严阵以待研究方案应对。美国《华尔街日报》1月18日帮欧洲梳 理道，他们可动用的选项包括贸易报复、用被称为"贸易核弹"的反胁迫工具、加强与其他地区的合作， 甚至减少与美国的防务合作等。 报道分析称，尽管单个欧洲国家难以对特朗普的10%关税威胁作出有效回应，但若作为一个整体，欧盟 可以提高美国加征关税的成本，争取美方在格陵兰岛问题上让步。 欧洲正重新评估对美国的立场 美国彭博社19日指出，特朗普出访海外时向来喜欢把自己置于舞台中央，本周前往达沃斯的行程，被他 行前刻意打造得格外戏剧化。赴瑞士出席世界经济论坛前，特朗普再次撼动了欧盟和北约联盟的根基， 围绕其"格陵兰野心"扬言将推出一连串新的关税。这些关税威胁不仅冲击欧洲，也公然践踏了他此前已 与欧盟和英国达成的相关协议。 长期以来，特朗普一直对欧洲心存不满，多次将这个汇聚了美国诸多最亲密盟友的集团描绘成"搭便车 者"，一边享受美国的慷慨与军事保护，一边"骚扰"美国科技巨头。 去年在面对特朗普的"对等关税"威胁时，欧洲领导人大多选择克制应对，希望维持美国对北约、尤其是 对乌克兰防务的投入。 【文/观察者网 王一】欧洲多国在格陵兰岛举 ...

多位官员表示，另一种方案是动用欧盟的反胁迫工具(ACI)，即欧盟的"贸易杀手锏"，旨在惩罚那些利 用市场进行地缘政治讹诈的国家。这是一项力度更大的措施，可能会引起欧盟内部一些较为谨慎成员国 的担忧。据三位外交官透露，各国政府目前尚未要求欧盟委员会推进该工具的部署。 来源：中国新闻网 外媒：欧盟考虑对930亿欧元输欧美国商品加征关税 中新网1月19日电 据美媒报道，欧盟多国外交官在18日的会议后透露，欧盟正考虑对价值930亿欧元的 输欧美国商品加征关税，或限制美国企业进入欧盟市场，以反制美国总统特朗普为得到格陵兰岛威胁对 欧洲8国加征关税。 报道称，一位了解18日会谈情况的外交官表示："很明显，底线已经划清，我们的忍耐已到极限。如果 特朗普的关税政策实施，那么我们讨论的就不是是否采取方案，而是应该采取哪些方案。" 这笔报复性关税将重启欧盟在2025年7月与美国签署贸易协议后暂停的关税措施。与其他一些正在讨论 的选项相比，此举可能"非常迅速"。 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众 ...

据英国《金融时报》周日报道，针对美国总统唐纳德・特朗普因收购格陵兰岛计划遭拒，转而威胁北约 盟友一事，欧洲多国或对美国采取报复措施，拟对美征收价值 930 亿欧元（约合 1077.1 亿美元）的关 税，或限制美国企业进入欧盟市场。 英国《金融时报》援引瑞士达沃斯会议筹备官员的话称，欧盟正拟定上述报复性措施，旨在本周于达沃 斯世界经济论坛期间与特朗普举行关键会谈时，掌握更多谈判筹码。 据英国《金融时报》周日报道，针对美国总统唐纳德・特朗普因收购格陵兰岛计划遭拒，转而威胁北约 盟友一事，欧洲多国或对美国采取报复措施，拟对美征收价值 930 亿欧元（约合 1077.1 亿美元）的关 税，或限制美国企业进入欧盟市场。 英国《金融时报》援引瑞士达沃斯会议筹备官员的话称，欧盟正拟定上述报复性措施，旨在本周于达沃 斯世界经济论坛期间与特朗普举行关键会谈时，掌握更多谈判筹码。 责任编辑：丁文武 责任编辑：丁文武 ...

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Trade Representative's Office has indicated that it may take retaliatory actions against the EU and certain member states if they continue to impose what the U.S. deems "discriminatory" regulations, lawsuits, taxes, or fines on American service industries [1] Group 1 - The U.S. claims that American service providers face unfair treatment in the EU market while several European companies operate freely in the U.S. [1] - Specific European companies mentioned include Accenture, DHL, Siemens, and Spotify, which are noted for their operations in the U.S. [1] - The U.S. Trade Representative's Office stated that it will utilize relevant tools granted by U.S. law to address what it considers "unreasonable" measures [1]

Core Points - The supply issues of rare earths and the Nexperia semiconductor situation are severely impacting the European automotive industry, causing significant concern among EU member states [1] - The EU is preparing to engage in discussions with a high-level Chinese technical delegation regarding rare earth issues, indicating a desire to find a resolution to the supply crisis [1][2] - The Dutch government's intervention in Nexperia has led to a freeze on assets and operations, which is expected to disrupt the supply chain for automotive manufacturers in Europe, particularly in Germany [4][5] Group 1: Rare Earth Supply Issues - The EU is facing a potential crisis in the automotive sector due to rare earth supply disruptions, prompting discussions of retaliatory measures against China [1] - A high-level Chinese delegation is scheduled to visit Brussels to discuss rare earth issues, with preliminary meetings already taking place [1][2] - The EU is exploring options to mitigate the impact of rare earth supply shortages, including local production and diversification of suppliers [5][7] Group 2: Nexperia Semiconductor Situation - The Dutch government has mandated a freeze on Nexperia's assets and operations, which has raised concerns about the impact on the global automotive supply chain [4][5] - Nexperia's operations in China are facing challenges due to the Dutch government's intervention, leading to reduced output and supply chain complications [4][5] - The German government is actively engaging with affected companies to address potential supply chain difficulties stemming from the Nexperia situation [5][7] Group 3: EU's Trade Measures and Responses - The EU is considering new regulations that would impose conditions on Chinese companies operating in Europe, including technology transfer and local content requirements [7] - Discussions among EU member states are ongoing regarding potential retaliatory trade measures against China, with a focus on the recent rare earth export controls [7][8] - The EU is preparing a list of trade measures to enhance its negotiating position in discussions with China, reflecting a strategic approach to the ongoing trade tensions [7][8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses India's reluctance to effectively retaliate against the U.S. in the ongoing trade war, highlighting its tendency to undermine China's efforts while failing to take decisive action against the U.S. [1][6][14] Group 1: India's Response to U.S. Tariffs - India has previously announced plans to impose retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods but has not followed through, indicating a lack of resolve in confronting the U.S. [7] - The Indian government has expressed intentions to learn from China's approach to countering U.S. tariffs, yet has not taken significant steps to implement such measures [3][6]. - Despite initial enthusiasm, India's actions have resulted in higher tariffs on its own goods, with a reported 50% maximum tariff imposed, leading to stalled negotiations with the U.S. [9] Group 2: China's Position in the Trade War - China has actively engaged in countermeasures against the U.S., utilizing its leverage in rare earth exports and other sectors, which has put pressure on the U.S. [3][16]. - The article emphasizes that China's success in the trade war could benefit global markets, including India, if India chose to align with China rather than undermine it [16]. - China's recent actions, such as imposing anti-dumping duties on Indian solar panels, reflect its strategy to protect its interests while responding to India's provocations [9][14]. Group 3: Implications for India - India's attempts to impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese solar panels, with rates up to 30%, are seen as counterproductive and indicative of its narrow-minded approach [9][14]. - The article suggests that India's lack of support for China in the trade war could lead to negative consequences for its own economy, as it risks losing out on potential benefits from a successful Chinese counter-offensive against the U.S. [16]. - The ongoing tensions and India's actions may ultimately harm its relationship with both China and the U.S., as it navigates its position in the trade landscape [6][14].

Core Points - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the U.S. and China, particularly focusing on the U.S. response to China's export restrictions on rare earths and other products [1][3] - President Trump has threatened to impose a 100% tariff on Chinese goods and hinted at retaliatory measures against Chinese imports, particularly targeting used cooking oil (UCO) [1][3] Group 1: U.S.-China Trade Relations - The U.S. is considering retaliatory actions against China for halting imports of American soybeans, which has led to a significant drop in soybean prices in the U.S. [1][3] - Trump has accused China of deliberately stopping U.S. soybean imports and suggested that the U.S. could stop purchasing Chinese cooking oil as a countermeasure [3] Group 2: Used Cooking Oil (UCO) Market - China is a major supplier of used cooking oil to the U.S., with the U.S. accounting for 43% of China's UCO exports in 2024 [3] - The demand for UCO in the U.S. has surged due to the Biden administration's push for green transportation, which relies on UCO for biofuel production [3] Group 3: Implications of Trade Actions - Economists question the effectiveness of targeting Chinese cooking oil, noting that Europe is also a significant buyer of Chinese UCO, with exports to Europe increasing by 45% year-on-year in the first nine months of 2024 [5] - Cutting off UCO supplies from China could adversely affect U.S. domestic reduction plans and energy transition efforts, potentially leading to higher costs for biofuel production [5]

Group 1 - The article discusses Brazilian President Lula's direct appeal to the U.S. regarding the 40% tariff imposed on Brazilian exports, emphasizing the need for a resolution to this issue [2][3] - The 40% tariff increase from 10% to 50% has severely impacted Brazilian exporters, particularly in the coffee and orange juice sectors, with coffee farmers reporting losses and orange juice producers unable to sell their products [2][3] - Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer faces significant financial losses due to the tariffs, estimating a loss of 2 billion reais, and highlighting the negative impact on U.S. suppliers as well [3] Group 2 - Lula argues that the U.S. has benefited from a trade surplus with Brazil over the past 15 years, with a cumulative surplus of 410 billion USD, and that the rationale for the tariff is unfounded [3][4] - The tariffs are seen as a political maneuver rather than an economic necessity, with Lula asserting that the U.S. should not interfere in Brazil's judicial matters [4] - Brazil has initiated a complaint to the WTO against the U.S. for violating trade agreements and is exploring new markets to mitigate the impact of the tariffs [4][5] Group 3 - The Brazilian industry is experiencing significant declines in exports, with a reported 52 billion reais loss and a 22.3% drop in aircraft manufacturing exports [5] - The furniture industry is also suffering, with a substantial decrease in orders from the U.S., which accounts for 30% of its market [5] - Lula emphasizes the importance of mutual respect in trade relations, indicating a willingness to negotiate while maintaining Brazil's sovereignty [5]

Core Viewpoint - Brazil is considering retaliatory trade measures in response to the 50% tariffs imposed by the U.S. on several Brazilian goods, as announced by President Trump [1][3]. Group 1: Government Response - Brazilian President Lula has approved a study to evaluate whether and what retaliatory measures Brazil can take against the U.S. tariffs [3]. - Lula has criticized the U.S. for lacking seriousness in its relations with Brazil, stating that the tariffs harm both Brazilian exporters and American consumers [3]. Group 2: Tariff Implementation - The U.S. government's policy of imposing an additional 50% tariff on certain Brazilian products officially took effect on the 6th of this month [3].

Group 1 - Germany and France are urging other EU member states to support retaliatory measures against US tariffs, aiming for a strong EU stance before the August 1 trade agreement deadline [1] - Germany previously advocated for negotiations with the Trump administration to lower US export tariffs but has shifted to a tougher approach, while France has consistently pushed for retaliatory tariffs to pressure US companies [1] - The EU is considering the use of the never-before-used Anti-Coercion Instrument (ACI), which would allow the EU to block US companies from public tenders, revoke intellectual property protections, and impose import/export restrictions [1] Group 2 - The EU plans to impose a package of tariffs on US imports worth €21 billion starting August 6, with a second round of retaliatory measures targeting US goods valued at €72 billion set for a vote on the same day [2] - The EU Commission is preparing a third list of measures targeting the services sector, including taxes on digital services and online advertising revenue [2] - The EU Commission's trade spokesperson stated that any countermeasures will not be implemented before August 1, as the focus remains on negotiations [2]