美国贸易代表办公室周二表示，若欧盟及部分成员国继续对美国服务业采取其所称的"歧视性"监管、诉 讼、征税或罚款措施，美方不排除启动反制行动，包括对外国服务征收费用或施加相关限制。该机构在 社交平台发文称，美国服务提供商在欧盟市场面临不公平对待，而多家欧洲服务企业却能够在美国"自 由运营"。声明点名多家在美开展业务的欧洲公司，包括埃森哲、敦豪、西门子和Spotify。美国贸易代 表办公室表示，如有必要，将动用美国法律所赋予的相关工具，应对其认为"不合理"的措施。 （文章来源：第一财经） ...

Core Points - The supply issues of rare earths and the Nexperia semiconductor situation are severely impacting the European automotive industry, causing significant concern among EU member states [1] - The EU is preparing to engage in discussions with a high-level Chinese technical delegation regarding rare earth issues, indicating a desire to find a resolution to the supply crisis [1][2] - The Dutch government's intervention in Nexperia has led to a freeze on assets and operations, which is expected to disrupt the supply chain for automotive manufacturers in Europe, particularly in Germany [4][5] Group 1: Rare Earth Supply Issues - The EU is facing a potential crisis in the automotive sector due to rare earth supply disruptions, prompting discussions of retaliatory measures against China [1] - A high-level Chinese delegation is scheduled to visit Brussels to discuss rare earth issues, with preliminary meetings already taking place [1][2] - The EU is exploring options to mitigate the impact of rare earth supply shortages, including local production and diversification of suppliers [5][7] Group 2: Nexperia Semiconductor Situation - The Dutch government has mandated a freeze on Nexperia's assets and operations, which has raised concerns about the impact on the global automotive supply chain [4][5] - Nexperia's operations in China are facing challenges due to the Dutch government's intervention, leading to reduced output and supply chain complications [4][5] - The German government is actively engaging with affected companies to address potential supply chain difficulties stemming from the Nexperia situation [5][7] Group 3: EU's Trade Measures and Responses - The EU is considering new regulations that would impose conditions on Chinese companies operating in Europe, including technology transfer and local content requirements [7] - Discussions among EU member states are ongoing regarding potential retaliatory trade measures against China, with a focus on the recent rare earth export controls [7][8] - The EU is preparing a list of trade measures to enhance its negotiating position in discussions with China, reflecting a strategic approach to the ongoing trade tensions [7][8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses India's reluctance to effectively retaliate against the U.S. in the ongoing trade war, highlighting its tendency to undermine China's efforts while failing to take decisive action against the U.S. [1][6][14] Group 1: India's Response to U.S. Tariffs - India has previously announced plans to impose retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods but has not followed through, indicating a lack of resolve in confronting the U.S. [7] - The Indian government has expressed intentions to learn from China's approach to countering U.S. tariffs, yet has not taken significant steps to implement such measures [3][6]. - Despite initial enthusiasm, India's actions have resulted in higher tariffs on its own goods, with a reported 50% maximum tariff imposed, leading to stalled negotiations with the U.S. [9] Group 2: China's Position in the Trade War - China has actively engaged in countermeasures against the U.S., utilizing its leverage in rare earth exports and other sectors, which has put pressure on the U.S. [3][16]. - The article emphasizes that China's success in the trade war could benefit global markets, including India, if India chose to align with China rather than undermine it [16]. - China's recent actions, such as imposing anti-dumping duties on Indian solar panels, reflect its strategy to protect its interests while responding to India's provocations [9][14]. Group 3: Implications for India - India's attempts to impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese solar panels, with rates up to 30%, are seen as counterproductive and indicative of its narrow-minded approach [9][14]. - The article suggests that India's lack of support for China in the trade war could lead to negative consequences for its own economy, as it risks losing out on potential benefits from a successful Chinese counter-offensive against the U.S. [16]. - The ongoing tensions and India's actions may ultimately harm its relationship with both China and the U.S., as it navigates its position in the trade landscape [6][14].

Core Points - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the U.S. and China, particularly focusing on the U.S. response to China's export restrictions on rare earths and other products [1][3] - President Trump has threatened to impose a 100% tariff on Chinese goods and hinted at retaliatory measures against Chinese imports, particularly targeting used cooking oil (UCO) [1][3] Group 1: U.S.-China Trade Relations - The U.S. is considering retaliatory actions against China for halting imports of American soybeans, which has led to a significant drop in soybean prices in the U.S. [1][3] - Trump has accused China of deliberately stopping U.S. soybean imports and suggested that the U.S. could stop purchasing Chinese cooking oil as a countermeasure [3] Group 2: Used Cooking Oil (UCO) Market - China is a major supplier of used cooking oil to the U.S., with the U.S. accounting for 43% of China's UCO exports in 2024 [3] - The demand for UCO in the U.S. has surged due to the Biden administration's push for green transportation, which relies on UCO for biofuel production [3] Group 3: Implications of Trade Actions - Economists question the effectiveness of targeting Chinese cooking oil, noting that Europe is also a significant buyer of Chinese UCO, with exports to Europe increasing by 45% year-on-year in the first nine months of 2024 [5] - Cutting off UCO supplies from China could adversely affect U.S. domestic reduction plans and energy transition efforts, potentially leading to higher costs for biofuel production [5]

Group 1 - The article discusses Brazilian President Lula's direct appeal to the U.S. regarding the 40% tariff imposed on Brazilian exports, emphasizing the need for a resolution to this issue [2][3] - The 40% tariff increase from 10% to 50% has severely impacted Brazilian exporters, particularly in the coffee and orange juice sectors, with coffee farmers reporting losses and orange juice producers unable to sell their products [2][3] - Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer faces significant financial losses due to the tariffs, estimating a loss of 2 billion reais, and highlighting the negative impact on U.S. suppliers as well [3] Group 2 - Lula argues that the U.S. has benefited from a trade surplus with Brazil over the past 15 years, with a cumulative surplus of 410 billion USD, and that the rationale for the tariff is unfounded [3][4] - The tariffs are seen as a political maneuver rather than an economic necessity, with Lula asserting that the U.S. should not interfere in Brazil's judicial matters [4] - Brazil has initiated a complaint to the WTO against the U.S. for violating trade agreements and is exploring new markets to mitigate the impact of the tariffs [4][5] Group 3 - The Brazilian industry is experiencing significant declines in exports, with a reported 52 billion reais loss and a 22.3% drop in aircraft manufacturing exports [5] - The furniture industry is also suffering, with a substantial decrease in orders from the U.S., which accounts for 30% of its market [5] - Lula emphasizes the importance of mutual respect in trade relations, indicating a willingness to negotiate while maintaining Brazil's sovereignty [5]

Core Viewpoint - Brazil is considering retaliatory trade measures in response to the 50% tariffs imposed by the U.S. on several Brazilian goods, as announced by President Trump [1][3]. Group 1: Government Response - Brazilian President Lula has approved a study to evaluate whether and what retaliatory measures Brazil can take against the U.S. tariffs [3]. - Lula has criticized the U.S. for lacking seriousness in its relations with Brazil, stating that the tariffs harm both Brazilian exporters and American consumers [3]. Group 2: Tariff Implementation - The U.S. government's policy of imposing an additional 50% tariff on certain Brazilian products officially took effect on the 6th of this month [3].

Group 1 - Germany and France are urging other EU member states to support retaliatory measures against US tariffs, aiming for a strong EU stance before the August 1 trade agreement deadline [1] - Germany previously advocated for negotiations with the Trump administration to lower US export tariffs but has shifted to a tougher approach, while France has consistently pushed for retaliatory tariffs to pressure US companies [1] - The EU is considering the use of the never-before-used Anti-Coercion Instrument (ACI), which would allow the EU to block US companies from public tenders, revoke intellectual property protections, and impose import/export restrictions [1] Group 2 - The EU plans to impose a package of tariffs on US imports worth €21 billion starting August 6, with a second round of retaliatory measures targeting US goods valued at €72 billion set for a vote on the same day [2] - The EU Commission is preparing a third list of measures targeting the services sector, including taxes on digital services and online advertising revenue [2] - The EU Commission's trade spokesperson stated that any countermeasures will not be implemented before August 1, as the focus remains on negotiations [2]

Core Viewpoint - The EU is adopting a tougher stance against the US in response to President Trump's announcement of a 30% tariff on EU imports starting August 1, marking a significant shift from negotiation to potential retaliation [1][2]. Group 1: EU's Response Strategy - Germany and France are leading efforts to unify EU member states in support of retaliatory measures against US tariffs, moving from a previously conciliatory approach to a more aggressive stance [2]. - The EU is considering the activation of the "Anti-Coercion Instrument" (ACI), described as a "trade nuclear weapon," which would allow the EU to restrict US companies from participating in EU government procurement and limit trade between the US and EU [3]. Group 2: Retaliatory Measures - If the US proceeds with the planned tariff increase, the EU is prepared to implement a first round of retaliatory tariffs on approximately €21 billion worth of US products, including chicken and jeans, starting August 6 [4]. - A second round of retaliatory measures is being prepared, targeting around €72 billion worth of US goods, including Boeing aircraft and bourbon whiskey, with a vote planned before August 6 [4]. - The EU is also developing a third round of measures aimed at the service sector, which may include taxes on digital services and online advertising revenue [4].

Core Viewpoint - The European Union is preparing a list of tariffs and export control measures against the U.S. service industry as potential retaliatory actions [1] Group 1 - The EU's actions are in response to perceived trade imbalances and may impact U.S. service exports significantly [1] - The proposed measures indicate escalating trade tensions between the EU and the U.S., particularly in the service sector [1]

Group 1 - The European Union is considering retaliatory trade measures against the United States, specifically targeting American aircraft and automobiles [1]