Revenue Insights - National general public budget revenue from January to May 2025 was 96,623 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.3%[6] - In May 2025, the monthly revenue growth rate was 0.1%, down from 1.9% in April[6] - Tax revenue for the same period was 79,156 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 1.6%[8] Central Government Expenditure - National general public budget expenditure from January to May 2025 was 112,953 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 4.2%[9] - In May 2025, the monthly expenditure growth rate was 2.6%, down from 5.8% in April[9] - Central government expenditure increased by 11% in May, while local government expenditure decreased to 0.9%[9] Government Fund Performance - Government fund budget revenue from January to May 2025 was 15,483 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 6.9%[17] - In May 2025, the monthly revenue growth rate was -8.1%, significantly down from 8.1% in April[17] - Government fund budget expenditure from January to May 2025 was 32,125 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 16%[17] Fiscal Policy Outlook - A total of 1,620 billion yuan in central funds has been allocated in January and April to support consumption initiatives[22] - An additional 1,380 billion yuan in central funds is expected to be distributed in the third and fourth quarters[22] - The macro policy direction is expected to remain positive, with potential marginal increases in fiscal measures[22]

报告导读： 5月央、地层面支出增速分化，前者升，后者落。这体现了中央财政在扩大 内需、保障民生方面积极发力。下半年宏观政策延续积极方向，有望边际加码。 政府性基金收入增速回落。 2025年1-5月，全国政府性基金预算收入同比下降6.9%，进度高于过去两年同期水 平，其中5月当月同比增速-8.1%，相比4月明显下滑。二季度以来，房地产需求较为疲软，土地使用权收入下 滑对政府性基金收入有所拖累。6月国常会提出，更大力度推动房地产市场止跌回稳。我们认为，房地产的供 需变化还需密切跟踪。 政府性基金支出增速下滑，节奏尚可。 2025年1-5月，全国政府性基金预算支出同比增长16%，进度高于去年 同期水平，其中5月当月同比增速8.8%，相比4月明显回落。值得一提的是，4月支出增速较高除了专项债、超 长期特别国债加快发行的支撑，也与基数扰动有关，5月支出增速虽然有所回落，但是表现尚可。 积极财政：持续发力。 今年1月和4月已分别下达两批共计1620亿元中央资金，支持消费品以旧换新工作，目 前带动销售额已超过去年全年。后续还将有1380亿元中央资金在三、四季度分批有序下达。我们认为，目前外 部因素扰动影响已经不大，提振内部 ...

2025.06. 21 本文字数：1590，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 陈益刊 6月20日，财政部公布2025年1—5月财政收支情况，总体看财政收入平稳，财政支出保持一定扩张 力度，以落实积极财政政策，扩大总需求，推动经济平稳运行。 从财政收入端来看，财政部数据显示，1—5月，全国一般公共预算收入96623亿元，同比下降 0.3%。这一降幅较前4个月（-0.4%）略微缩窄。全国政府性基金预算收入15483亿元，同比下降 6.9%。这一降幅较前4个月（-6.7%）略微扩大。 全国一般公共预算收入由税收收入和非税收入组成，且以前者为主。税收收入又被称之为经济"晴雨 表"。 财政部数据显示，今年前5个月全国一般公共预算收入中，全国税收收入79156亿元，同比下降 1.6%，这一降幅较前4个月（-2.1%）有小幅缩窄。 导致今年以来税收收入下滑有多重因素。首先，部分企业经营困难，利润下滑，导致第二大税种企业 所得税收入下滑。 财政部数据显示，今年前5个月企业所得税收入（21826亿元）同比下降2.5%。不过今年以来，规模 以上工业企业利润总额同比增速由负转正，企业所得税收入降幅持续缩窄。 其次，房地产市场 ...

Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - The Ministry of Finance reported that from January to May 2025, the national general public budget revenue was 96,623 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.3%, which is a slight improvement from the previous four months' decline of 0.4% [1] - Government fund budget revenue was 15,483 billion yuan, down 6.9% year-on-year, slightly worsening from the previous four months' decline of 6.7% [1] Tax Revenue Analysis - Tax revenue, which is a key economic indicator, accounted for 79,156 billion yuan of the general public budget revenue, reflecting a year-on-year decrease of 1.6%, an improvement from the previous four months' decline of 2.1% [1] - Corporate income tax revenue was 21,826 billion yuan, down 2.5% year-on-year, but the decline is narrowing as profits of large industrial enterprises have turned positive [1][2] Impact of Real Estate and Trade - The real estate market remains sluggish, leading to significant declines in related tax revenues, such as deed tax and land value-added tax, which experienced double-digit decreases [2] - Complex foreign trade conditions, including trade wars, have negatively impacted fiscal revenue, with notable declines in import VAT, consumption tax, and tariffs [2] Price Levels and Tax Base - Low price levels have compressed nominal fiscal revenue, with the Producer Price Index (PPI) showing a year-on-year decrease of 3.3% in May 2025, affecting tax revenue growth based on nominal value [3] - Domestic VAT revenue was 30,850 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 2.4% [3] Sector-Specific Tax Revenue Growth - Despite overall tax revenue challenges, certain sectors showed strong performance, with equipment manufacturing tax revenue growing by 28.8% and computer communication equipment manufacturing by 11.9% [4] - The cultural, sports, and entertainment sectors saw a tax revenue increase of 7.8%, while the information transmission and software services sector grew by 10% [4] Non-Tax Revenue and Budget Adjustments - Non-tax revenue reached 17,467 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%, primarily driven by asset activation [5] - Local government fund budget revenue was 13,635 billion yuan, down 8.3% year-on-year, with land use rights transfer revenue declining by 11.9% [6] Fiscal Policy and Expenditure - To counteract declining tax revenue, the government has implemented a more proactive fiscal policy, accelerating bond issuance to support expenditure [6] - General public budget expenditure was 112,953 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%, which is significantly higher than the revenue growth rate [7] - Social security and employment expenditures grew by 9.2%, and education expenditures increased by 6.7%, both exceeding the average expenditure growth rate [7]

Core Viewpoint - Yunnan province is reallocating its newly issued special bonds to address government debts owed to enterprises and to mitigate hidden debts, significantly reducing the amount directed towards project construction in 2025 [1][2][3]. Group 1: Special Bond Allocation Changes - In 2025, Yunnan received a total of 95.5 billion yuan in new special bond quotas, with only 23 billion yuan allocated for project construction, a reduction from 50 billion yuan at the beginning of the year [1][2]. - The allocation for addressing government debts owed to enterprises is set at 35.6 billion yuan, while the amount for supplementing government fund finances increased from 20 billion yuan to 36.9 billion yuan [1][3]. Group 2: Comparison with Other Provinces - Other provinces, such as Hunan, have also disclosed their special bond allocations, with nearly 60% directed towards project construction and about 40% for resolving debts owed to enterprises and hidden debts [2]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The shift in funding priorities indicates a serious issue with government debts owed to enterprises in Yunnan, and the reallocation aims to improve economic circulation by addressing these debts [3][4]. - The use of special bonds to inject liquidity into enterprises is expected to alleviate financial pressures and prevent debt issues from spreading through the industrial chain, thereby enhancing the regional business environment [4]. Group 4: Debt Management and Safety - As of April 2025, Yunnan's total government debt stood at 1.67985 trillion yuan, with a strict control within the debt limit of 1.97244 trillion yuan for the year [5].

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The overall view is that it's not the right time to over - allocate commodities, and patience is needed. The 10 - year Chinese Treasury bond interest rate is expected to be in the range of 1.6 - 1.8%, and Treasury bond futures should be bought on dips. The stock index has a ceiling and a floor [2][3]. - In 2025, the US economy faces "stagflation" or "recession" risks, while China is on a long "re - inflation" path. Based on these economic judgments, there are corresponding trading opportunities and asset - allocation suggestions in the second half of 2025 [8][25][37]. Summary According to the Directory 1. Review of the First Half of 2025 - **Differentiation of Sino - US Commodities**: In the first half of 2025, US commodities first rose and then fell, while Chinese commodities were weak. Overseas, Trump's tariff policy and the trend of rising initial jobless claims and slowing new employment in the US affected commodity prices. The US had obvious inventory - replenishing imports, with imports from January to March reaching $1.2 trillion, a year - on - year increase of 23%, and retail and food service sales from January to March at $2.1 trillion, a year - on - year increase of 4.6%. Domestically, from March to April, the sales of commercial housing weakened, and the domestic demand was still weak. In May, China's PPI was - 3.3% and continued to decline. Exports were supported by the rush - to - export factor, but overall, under the high - interest - rate environment of the Fed, prices were under pressure [5][6]. 2. Outlook for the Second Half of 2025 2.1 The US: Risk of Economic "Soft Landing" to "Recession" - **Risk of "Stagflation" or "Recession"**: The US government's debt support for residents' income and consumption is difficult to sustain. The US government faces the pressure of reducing fiscal deficits (the fiscal deficit/GDP in 2024 - 25 was still as high as 6.8%). In April 2025, the US fiscal expenditure was $591.8 billion, and the 12 - month Rollsum was $7.09 trillion, a year - on - year increase of 11.8%; the fiscal revenue was $850.2 billion, and the 12 - month Rollsum was $5.06 trillion, a year - on - year increase of 7.4%. The annual deficit in April 2025 was $2.03 trillion, accounting for 6.8% of the US GDP in Q1 2025 [8][9]. - **Economic Slowdown**: The real GDP growth rate in the first quarter of 2025 was - 0.2% on a quarter - on - quarter annualized basis, indicating an obvious economic slowdown. It is expected that the real GDP growth rate in 2025 will be between 1.6% - 2.3%, depending on the Fed's interest - rate cut speed and the realization of stable tax - cut policy expectations. Trump's policies have both positive and negative impacts on the US economy [19]. - **High Inflation and Interest - Rate Expectations**: Inflation may remain above the 2% target, forcing the Fed to maintain the policy interest rate above 3.5%. It is expected that by the end of 2025, the US federal funds rate will drop to 3.75%, and the first interest - rate cut in the second half of 2025 is expected to be in October [23]. 2.2 China: A Long "Re - inflation" Road - **Difficulty in PPI Recovery**: In May 2025, China's PPI was - 3.3% year - on - year, and CPI was - 0.1% year - on - year. Under the background of de - globalization and the reconstruction of the Chinese real - estate model, the path for China's PPI to turn positive is long and difficult. The slow recovery of commercial housing sales and M1, as well as the decline in US imports, will lead to a slow recovery of China's PPI [25]. - **Challenges in Inflation Upturn**: China's inflation upturn faces challenges, including the Fed's high - interest - rate policy, the difficulty of the real - estate price recovery, and over - capacity in some industries. To get out of deflation, China can observe three groups of variables: the continuous expansion of base money and stock money, the continuous resilience of external demand exports, and the maintenance of an "active fiscal policy" [25][31][33]. - **Monetary Policy Stance**: Monetary policy will maintain a supportive stance and strengthen the amplitude of reserve - requirement ratio cuts and interest - rate cuts. It is expected that in 2025, China's policy interest rate will be cut by 30 - 40BP in two installments, and the deposit - reserve ratio will be cut by 50 - 100BP in two installments [36]. 3. Allocation Outlook for the Second Half of 2025 - **US Economic Situation and Asset Allocation**: It is expected that in the second half of 2025, the resilience of the US economy will decline, consumption and imports will fall, and private investment will be under pressure. The yield of US Treasury bonds will oscillate at a high level with a risk of decline; the US dollar will oscillate with a risk of further weakening; gold can still be bought on dips, but trading opportunities are not obvious. The 10 - year US Treasury bond yield will oscillate between 3.8% - 4.5% and is expected to decline; the US dollar is expected to oscillate between 95 - 100 and tend to decline [37][38]. - **China's Economic Situation and Asset Allocation**: The active fiscal policy will support the Chinese economy, and the currency will be further loosened. It is expected that inflation will still be under pressure in the second half of 2025. There is still an expectation of a 30 - 40BP interest - rate cut in the monetary - policy end. With the support of liquidity, the A - share market will maintain active trading, and the yield of Treasury bonds will further decline. Before the policy supports the improvement of the fundamentals, commodity prices will still be suppressed by insufficient demand. The CSI 300 index is expected to be between 3400 - 4400 points; the yield of 10 - year Chinese Treasury bonds is expected to be between 1.6 - 1.8%; commodities are expected to oscillate weakly in the second half of 2025, and attention should be paid to the market opportunities in the third quarter of 2025 [37][38][39].

Core Insights - The World Bank's latest economic report indicates that China's GDP is expected to grow by 5.4% year-on-year in Q1 2025, driven by policy support that enhances consumer spending and a recovery in housing sales in major cities [1] Group 1: Economic Growth Drivers - Strengthening consumer spending is identified as crucial for maintaining economic growth amid external and domestic challenges [1] - Increased public investment and targeted support for residents are expected to bolster economic growth through more proactive fiscal policies [1] Group 2: Investment Trends - Infrastructure and manufacturing investments are responding significantly to policy support, with rapid growth in infrastructure investment observed in the first four months of 2025 due to accelerated bond issuance and fund allocation by the government [1] - Manufacturing investment is also maintaining robust growth, aided by policies related to large-scale equipment upgrades and targeted support for key industries [1]

国家发展改革委6日上午与澳大利亚国库部以视频形式共同举办中澳双边研讨会。国家发展改革委副主 任李春临表示，希望中澳双边研讨会可以成为两国宏观经济综合部门之间的沟通桥梁，为推动建设中澳 全面战略伙伴关系发挥有益作用。会上，双方就全球经济形势、中澳宏观经济形势、宏观政策逆周期调 节机制、积极 财政政策等议题进行了交流。 ...

以下文章来源于粤开志恒宏观 ，作者罗志恒 粤开志恒宏观 . 在这里，一起解读中国与世界。立足中国，全球视野；宏大叙事，微观关怀。 作者：罗志恒 晁云霞 自2008年以来，本轮积极财政政策实行了长达17年之久，积极财政政策的内涵和特点也逐渐发生了 变化，及时总结积极财政政策的效果、分析当前财政政策存在的不足，并指出未来财政政策可能的转 型方向具有重要意义。我国积极的财政政策有力地促进了稳增长、惠民生和防风险，发挥了财政作为 国家治理的基础和重要支柱的作用。但积极财政政策仍存在一些不足，亟待转型优化以释放更大的政 策效力。 01 积极财政政策的实施效果 （一）有力地应对了外生冲击、促进了经济稳定 本轮积极财政政策实施以来，成功应对了2008年全球金融危机、2020年新冠疫情等外生冲击，确保 我国经济总体平稳运行。 2008—2010年，以扩大政府投资、实施结构性减税为主的积极财政政策 在供需两端发力，使我国经济保持在9.9%的平均增速，而同期的世界经济平均增速仅为1.7%。 2020年以来，我国在全球经济变局、国内经济新旧动能转换、疫情冲击等多重考验下，以大规模减 税降费和支出结构优化为主的积极财政政策持续发力， ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need for a transformation and optimization of China's active fiscal policy after 17 years of implementation, highlighting its effectiveness in promoting economic stability, quality growth, and social welfare, while also addressing existing shortcomings and future directions for fiscal policy [2][3][4][5][6]. Group 2 - Active fiscal policy has effectively responded to external shocks, maintaining economic stability with an average growth rate of 9.9% from 2008 to 2010, compared to the global average of 1.7%, and a growth rate of 4.7% from 2020 to 2023, significantly higher than the global average of 2.3% [3][4]. - The policy has shifted focus towards technology innovation and green development, enhancing the potential for long-term high-quality economic growth [4]. - Social welfare has improved, with rural minimum living standards increasing by 73.3% and urban low-income standards by 45.4% from 2017 to 2023, while the share of public budget for social welfare rose from 35.1% in 2013 to 40.7% in 2023 [5]. Group 3 - Current fiscal policy faces challenges, including an overemphasis on short-term fiscal balance, which may hinder long-term economic stability and increase hidden government debt risks [8][9]. - The effectiveness of large-scale tax reductions is diminishing, with the macro tax burden decreasing to 16.3% of GDP in 2024, down 5.1 percentage points from 2013, which may threaten fiscal sustainability [12]. - The structure of fiscal spending needs optimization, as there is a tendency to focus more on supply-side and enterprise support rather than on demand and household needs [13][24]. Group 4 - Future fiscal policy should transition from a balanced approach to a functional one, allowing for a potential breach of the 3% deficit limit to better support economic stability and growth [16][17]. - Systematic responses to long-term challenges such as aging population and digital economy risks are necessary, including enhancing social security systems and adapting tax policies to new economic realities [18][20]. - The focus should shift from income policies to expenditure policies, emphasizing direct government spending to stimulate demand and support households [22][25]. Group 5 - The article suggests that the term "active fiscal policy" should be reconsidered to "expansionary fiscal policy" to better convey the intended signals to the market and stabilize expectations [26][27].