南方财经 21世纪经济报道记者吴斌海南报道 "起初，没有人在意这一场灾难，这不过是一场山火、一次旱灾、一个物种的灭绝、一座城市的消失， 直到这场灾难和每个人息息相关……"科幻作家刘慈欣在《流浪地球》中感慨。 尽管全球化遭遇逆风，共同迎战气候变化仍是唯一出路。中国气候变化事务特使、联合国前副秘书长刘 振民在第六届"海洋合作与治理论坛"期间接受21世纪经济报道记者独家专访时表示，各国要确保在美国 缺席的情况下推进多边合作，应对气候变化。从2025年巴西贝伦举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第 三十次缔约方大会（COP30）来看，这个"B计划"是成功的，多边合作进程不会由于一两个国家的缺席 而停滞。同时他也呼吁美国尽快重返《巴黎协定》，返回气候变化多边合作进程。 "未来十年乃至更长时间，重要的是让各国认识到，能源转型是全球经济合作的重点领域，也会成为全 球投资旺盛的一个领域。"刘振民认为，一方面，发达国家要履行义务，人类要相互帮助，去履行应对 气候变化的共同责任；另一方面，全球能源转型也会给世界经济增长和进一步繁荣带来机遇，各国要逐 步认识到，能源转型不是负担，而是经济转型的契机，可以带动很多企业去投资。 在《巴黎协 ...

新华社布鲁塞尔12月17日电（记者丁英华 张兆卿）欧盟委员会17日公布碳边境调节机制（CBAM）的 调整方案，拟在现有机制基础上扩大覆盖范围、强化反规避措施。相关政策将自2026年1月1日起逐步落 地。 ...

欧盟碳边境调节机制（CBAM）是全球首个碳边境关税，目前针对钢铁、铝、水泥和化肥等进口产品的 二氧化碳排放量征税。 据欧盟委员会定于周三发布的提案草案显示，欧盟将扩大碳边境税的征收范围，将汽车零部件和洗衣机 纳入征税清单。碳边境税是针对高排放进口产品征收的一项费用。 该提案还致力于堵住欧盟委员会担忧的潜在漏洞，这些漏洞可能被外国企业利用以逃避缴费。目前碳边 境税处于试点阶段，将于明年 1 月正式开始征收。 欧盟严防政策规避行为 尽管面临诸多反对意见，但路透社于周二获取的欧盟法律提案草案显示，欧盟将加大碳边境税的实施力 度：把征收范围扩大至那些大量使用钢铁和铝的下游产品，包括建筑产品、电网部件以及机械设备等。 碳边境调节机制将于 2026 年起，要求进口商为其进口产品的相关排放量缴税，但企业可延迟至 2027 年 9 月前，通过购买并向欧盟上缴碳边境税凭证来履行合规义务。 自布鲁塞尔方面于 2021 年宣布开征碳边境税以来，中国、印度和巴西虽然对该政策持批评态度，但均 已着手制定或扩大本国的碳定价体系。 品诚梅森律师事务所贸易事务合伙人托蒂斯・科特索尼西斯表示："这些国家已经改变了自身行为。在 我看来，这已然是 ...

欧盟碳边境调节机制(CBAM)将于2026年1月1日实施。这一机制远非简单的环保税，其实质是欧盟将其 高昂的内部碳成本向全球供应链进行系统性转嫁，并以此重塑贸易规则的地缘经济工具。对于能源密 集、工艺路线多样且供应链全球化的化工行业而言，该机制将直接触及产业竞争力的核心，在全球化工 与石化领域引发一场深远的战略调整。 CBAM的战略根源在于欧盟内部产业的保护需求与其全球气候领导权野心的结合。欧盟的化工企业，尤 其是基础化学品和聚合物生产商，长期承受着每吨约80欧元的全球最高碳价，导致其成本结构在国际竞 争中处于显著劣势。该机制旨在为这些企业构筑一道"绿色缓冲带"，通过向进口产品征收对等碳成本， 来平衡本土制造商的负担。欧盟官员所倡导的"公平竞争"，本质上是将其自身的环境规管与碳定价逻辑 设定为全球对欧贸易的强制性标准，其深层目标是锁定未来绿色经济中的规则制定权与产业制高点。 然而，全球主要化工品出口国都拥有灵活且务实的战略选项。中国、中东、美国及印度等关键产区，其 产业优势往往根植于本地化的资源禀赋，如煤化工、乙烷裂解或页岩气化工。面对CBAM带来的额外成 本，出口商更倾向于进行"贸易流再配置"，而非立即启动 ...

一份欧盟委员会草案显示，欧盟计划扩大即将实施的碳边境调节机制(CBAM)的覆盖范围，将更多进口 产品纳入其中，以堵住外国企业规避该税的漏洞。这份将于周三发布的欧盟委员会提案草案称："该提 案将扩大碳边境调节机制的范围，以应对目前已纳入该机制范围的钢铁和铝产品价值链下游产品可能出 现的'碳泄漏'风险。" ...

Core Insights - COP30, held in Belém, Brazil, marked the tenth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, but achieved only symbolic progress on key issues, failing to meet the expectations of climate-vulnerable countries for stronger climate action [3][23] - The focus of global climate governance is shifting from multilateral political consultations to economic and industrial decision-making, highlighting the importance of translating international consensus into domestic policies and investment actions [3][23] - Despite the absence of the United States, China and the European Union reached a high-level joint statement, demonstrating their commitment to advancing the Paris Agreement through dialogue and cooperation [3][23] Multilateral Dialogue in Climate and Trade - Trade issues were formally included in the climate conference discussions, with a consensus reached to establish the "Climate-Trade Comprehensive Forum" (IFCCT) to address carbon border measures and low-carbon product standards [4][24] - The forum aims to provide a communication channel rather than establish unified rules, potentially easing policy friction amid increasing fragmentation of global standards [4][24] - The inclusion of trade in climate negotiations is seen as a significant breakthrough, reflecting the integration of climate and economic issues [5][25] China's Growing Influence - China's presence at COP30 was prominent, with a central exhibition area attracting significant attention and participation from various countries, showcasing its climate actions and low-carbon technologies [7][27] - The country is increasingly taking on a coordinating role among developing nations, moving beyond a unified stance with the G77 group to facilitate consensus on key issues [11][31] - China's new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target aims for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in the share of non-fossil energy by 2035 [9][29] Climate Financing - COP30 emphasized the need for a financing roadmap of $1.3 trillion and a minimum of $300 billion from developed countries to support climate action in developing nations [16][36] - The conference highlighted the challenges posed by the absence of U.S. funding commitments, which has created a significant gap in climate financing that cannot be filled by other countries alone [17][37] - The decision to establish a two-year work program on climate financing reflects ongoing difficulties in advancing funding mechanisms, particularly for adaptation efforts, which are currently underfunded [18][39]

2025.12. 08 本文字数：2652，阅读时长大约4分钟 上海财经大学公共政策与治理研究院首席专家杨畅对第一财经表示，和上个月同比下降1.1%相比， 11月出口同比增速回升7.0个百分点，旺季并不淡。正因为11月出口金额环比上行，叠加上年高基数 平稳，带动了同比增速回升。 东方金诚宏观研究发展部执行总监冯琳认为，11月出口同比增速超预期反弹，主要原因包括去年同 期基数下移，当月全球贸易整体回升，以及在全球AI投资热潮和国内制造业转型升级带动下，11月 芯片、汽车出口增速显著加快等。 她提出，2024年11月出口同比增长6.6%，增速较前月大幅下行6.0个百分点，环比增速也明显弱于 季节性。这意味着去年11月出口基数下移，直接推高了今年11月的出口同比增速。其次，8月美国对 欧盟、越南等经济体上调关税落地后，当前全球贸易正在经历一个剧烈震荡过程。其中，10月全球 贸易增速显著下行，11月出现反弹。纵观全球，作为全球贸易的风向标，11月韩国出口同比增长 8.4%，增速较上月加快4.8个百分点；中国作为全球头号商品贸易大国，11月全球贸易反弹也会带动 自身出口增速走高。 另外，国内制造业转型升级叠加全球AI投 ...

Core Viewpoint - The COP30 conference in Brazil marks a critical juncture in global climate governance, focusing on the urgent need for a new climate financing system that is sufficient, equitable, and accessible to meet the funding gap required to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature control goals [1][2]. Climate Financing Transition - The past decade has seen developed countries fail to fulfill their annual commitment of $100 billion in climate funding, leading to a significant imbalance in funding structures, particularly in adaptation investments [2][3]. - COP30 signifies a new phase of systematic restructuring in climate financing, with discussions centered around the "Baku-Belém Climate Financing Roadmap" aimed at significantly increasing global climate funding targets [2]. Balancing Fairness and Efficiency - Key disagreements between developed and developing countries revolve around responsibility definitions, funding nature, and usage priorities [3]. - Developed nations emphasize mobilizing private capital and market mechanisms, while developing countries insist on the primary responsibility of developed nations to provide funding as per the Paris Agreement [3]. - There is a critical shortage of funds for vulnerable nations to adapt to climate change, and high-risk countries struggle to access favorable funding due to debt and credit issues [3]. Innovative Financing Approaches - A shift from "aid logic" to "investment logic" in global climate financing is emerging, characterized by three main trends [4]. - The integration of public and private sectors is becoming the dominant model, with emerging market countries leveraging sovereign funds to attract international capital [4]. - Regional cooperation mechanisms are accelerating, with initiatives led by countries in Latin America, Africa, and ASEAN to create localized financing solutions [4]. - The deep integration of market mechanisms and financial tools is evident, with initiatives like the "Global Carbon Market Alliance" aiming to standardize and enhance transparency in carbon credits [4]. China's Role in Climate Financing - As a major developing country, China advocates for multilateralism and equitable cooperation in addressing climate financing challenges [6]. - China proposes establishing a "Global South Climate Financing Coordination Mechanism" to enhance collective bargaining power among developing nations [6]. - Sharing experiences in green finance, such as green credit and bonds, can help improve project transparency and reduce financing costs for partner countries [6]. - China aims to promote market connectivity and activate carbon asset potential by aligning carbon market standards with BRICS and ASEAN countries [6]. Conclusion - Climate financing serves as a "glue" for uniting climate action consensus and a "catalyst" for accelerating green transitions, with COP30 indicating a historic evolution in the global climate financing system [7].

Core Insights - The "National Carbon Market and Financial Training Exchange Conference" was successfully held in Wuhan, organized by the Hubei Securities and Futures Industry Association, with over 100 representatives from key emission enterprises and financial institutions participating to discuss carbon market policies, trading mechanisms, and financial innovations [1][3] Group 1: Conference Overview - The conference featured frontline experts from core institutions of the national carbon market, focusing on infrastructure and enterprise practices in the morning session [3] - Key presentations included an overview of the national carbon market by Xiao Liya, analysis of trading rules by Shi Jiangguangtai, and insights on carbon asset management from Xia Feng [3][5] - The afternoon session addressed policy interpretation and financial empowerment, with significant contributions from Yan Fei on "dual carbon" policy evolution and Qin Ke on supply-demand dynamics and price trends in the national carbon market [3][7] Group 2: Objectives and Impacts - This training exchange is a concrete measure for the Hubei securities and futures industry to implement "green finance" and enhance the effectiveness of the carbon market [9] - The event aims to inject new momentum into Hubei's carbon financial innovation and establish a market ecosystem where "emission reduction is valuable and green is rewarding" [9] - It further solidifies Hubei's pivotal role in the national carbon market construction, contributing to the region's economic green transformation [9]

Core Viewpoint - The European Union (EU) has released a new climate and energy strategy aimed at promoting a transition to clean energy and enhancing international competitiveness in the clean technology sector [1]. Group 1: Clean Technology Manufacturing - The EU aims to increase its clean technology manufacturing capacity to capture 15% of the global technology market share, thereby enhancing industrial competitiveness [1]. Group 2: International Cooperation and Investment - The EU plans to strengthen cooperation with various countries to create new business opportunities for the European clean technology industry, including organizing business forums and establishing the "EU External Clean Transition Business Council" [1]. - A budget of €200 billion is allocated for the EU's external cooperation financing tool "Global Europe" from 2028 to 2034, with 30% of this budget dedicated to climate and environmental expenditures to support partner countries in developing actionable climate action plans [1]. Group 3: Policy Coordination and Carbon Pricing - The EU intends to enhance policy coordination, information exchange, and cooperation among member states to support partner countries in establishing and improving carbon pricing policies [1]. Group 4: Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - The EU's "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism" is set to be implemented in 2026, which will impose "carbon tariffs" on imports of products such as cement, fertilizers, and steel from countries with relatively lenient carbon emission restrictions, a move that has drawn criticism from some trading partners for increasing the burden on developing countries [1].