此次，IMF预计，全球经济增长将从2024年的3.3%降至2025年的3.2%，比7月上调了0.2个百分点； 2026年则会降至3.1%，与此前预期没有变化。虽然此次预测较4月和7月的展望有所上调，但比作为基 准的2024年10月的展望均有大幅下调，意味着IMF预计全球经济仍将显著低于疫情前3.7%的平均水平。 此前，4月美国特朗普政府的关税冲击及其带来的不确定性促使2025年4月的展望报告将2025年全球增长 预测下调0.5个百分点至2.8%。随后，在7月的展望中，主要由于关税税率的降低及其对金融状况的影 响，IMF又将2025年全球增长预测小幅上调0.2个百分点至3.0%。 在IMF看来，虽然全球经济对贸易政策冲击表现出了弹性，但越来越多迹象表明，贸易保护主义措施的 不利影响开始显现。比如，美国核心通胀率上升，失业率小幅上升。其他多个国家的通胀也长期处于央 行目标之上，通胀预期仍然脆弱，随着不确定性和关税开始对经济活动造成压力，货币政策制定者的权 衡更加恶化。此外，随着全球经济陷入更加碎片化的格局，前景下行风险也在增加。从长远来看，生产 资源的再分配、技术脱钩和知识扩散的限制必然会抑制增长。 IMF认为， ...

Group 1: Global Economic Outlook - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts global growth to slow from 3.3% in 2024 to 3.2% in 2025 and 3.1% in 2026, reflecting a gradual adaptation to trade tensions [1] - The global economic growth rate is significantly below the pre-pandemic average of 3.7%, with a projected annualized growth rate of 3.0% from the second half of 2025 to 2026 [1] - The IMF emphasizes that the current economic environment is influenced by geopolitical conflicts, debt pressures, and climate change, leading to increased uncertainty [2] Group 2: Trade and Tariff Impacts - The U.S. has implemented new tariffs on various imported goods, including a 50% tariff on kitchen cabinets and a 100% tariff on patented drugs, which has drawn strong opposition from multiple countries [2][3] - The IMF warns that the full impact of tariff policies has yet to manifest, with rising corporate profits potentially leading to increased inflationary pressures [3] - The world trade volume is expected to see a moderate decline over the next five years, with a projected average growth rate of 2.9% for 2025-2026, lower than previous forecasts [3] Group 3: Regional Economic Predictions - The U.S. economic growth is forecasted at 2.0% and 2.1% for the next two years, reflecting improvements due to lower effective tariff rates and fiscal stimulus from legislation [5] - The Eurozone is expected to see moderate growth, with predictions of 1.2% in 2025 and 1.1% in 2026, influenced by high uncertainty and increased tariffs [5] - Emerging markets and developing economies are projected to slow from 4.3% in 2024 to 4.2% in 2025 and 4.0% in 2026, with significant downgrades for low-income countries compared to middle-income economies [6] Group 4: Inflation and Monetary Policy - Global inflation is expected to decrease to 4.2% in 2025 and 3.7% in 2026, with significant variations across countries [8] - The U.S. inflation is projected to rise again in late 2025 due to the impact of tariffs being passed on to consumers, with a return to the Federal Reserve's 2% target expected by 2027 [8] - The IMF anticipates that the U.S. federal funds rate will decline to a range of 3.50% to 3.75% by the end of 2025, while the Eurozone's policy rate is expected to remain at 2% [8] Group 5: Currency and Trade Balance - The U.S. dollar has depreciated significantly in 2025, with a decline of approximately 10.8% in the first half of the year, which may enhance export competitiveness and reduce import-driven inflation [10] - The IMF notes that while the weaker dollar amplifies tariff impacts, it also supports global trade and provides policymakers in emerging markets with more room to support their economies [10]

Core Insights - The World Trade Organization (WTO) forecasts a global economic growth rate of approximately 2.7% for this year [1] Economic Impact - The uncertainty in economic predictions has been influenced by the ongoing adjustments to tariff policies by the Trump administration, prompting the WTO to revise its trade and economic growth forecasts multiple times throughout the year [1]

当地时间10月8日，国际货币基金组织（IMF）总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃在2025年IMF和世界银 行秋季年会的前瞻讲话中表示，全球经济在多重冲击下展现出比预期更强的韧性，但增长势头正在减 弱。她指出，全球经济"好于预期，但差于所需"，当前韧性尚未经过全面考验，不确定性将继续成为新 常态。今明两年全球增长略有放缓，关税政策的走向正成为影响世界经济前景的关键变量。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The joint economic forecast report from five major German economic research institutions predicts only a slight growth of 0.2% for the German economy in 2025, highlighting ongoing structural weaknesses and the adverse impact of U.S. tariffs on global trade [1][2]. Economic Growth Outlook - The German economy has been in recession for the past two years, with stagnation observed in the first half of this year. Although government stimulus policies may lead to a potential rebound, widespread recovery is not expected due to persistent structural issues [1]. - The report emphasizes that traditional growth drivers, such as strong export growth and robust manufacturing, have diminished, indicating that future recovery will rely more on domestic economic activity supported by fiscal stimulus [1]. Impact of U.S. Tariffs - U.S. tariff policies are identified as a significant negative factor for both the German and global economic growth, with experts noting that the adverse effects of these tariffs are beginning to manifest [1][2]. - The assistant researcher at the German Economic Institute stated that the U.S. tariffs will continue to cast a shadow over the global economy, complicating international trade and leading to adjustments in global supply chains and production structures [2]. Risks to German Economy - The uncertainty surrounding U.S. tariff policies poses a risk to the recovery of the German economy, particularly affecting its export-oriented sectors. Any escalation in U.S. tariffs could directly impact Germany's export industry [2].

Economic Overview - The global economy showed signs of recovery in Q3 2025, with total demand slightly rebounding and total supply remaining stable. However, the growth outlook for Q4 is mixed, with increasing uncertainties and structural characteristics becoming more pronounced [1][10][11] - Major economies exhibited divergent performances: the US economy improved, Europe showed weak recovery, Japan faced growth pressures, and India exceeded expectations [10][11][12] Inflation and Trade - Global inflation is decreasing, but the pace of decline is slowing and becoming more differentiated. In August, the US CPI rose to 2.9% year-on-year, while the Eurozone HICP increased by 2.1% [1][22][23] - Trade policies have seen a reduction in their disruptive impact, with the WTO raising its 2025 goods trade growth forecast to 0.9% [1][26][27] Financial Market Adjustments - The financial markets have undergone significant adjustments, with the Federal Reserve adopting a dovish stance and cutting interest rates by 25 basis points in September. This led to a net inflow of $82.98 billion into emerging market securities in July and August [2][3][10] - The dollar index has been fluctuating at low levels, and global stock markets have generally trended upward, with the MSCI global index rising over 10% [2][3][10] Capital Flows and Investment Trends - International capital is returning to emerging markets, with foreign direct investment (FDI) in Southeast Asia and Mexico expected to continue growing. Emerging market securities are increasingly favored by investors seeking resilient economies [2][11][12] - The report highlights potential areas for deepening cooperation between China and Europe in trade, green transformation, investment agreements, and multilateral governance under the backdrop of Trump's second term [2][11] Fiscal Policies - Major economies are maintaining an expansionary fiscal stance, but fiscal pressures are becoming more pronounced. The US fiscal deficit for FY 2025 is projected to grow by 7.7% year-on-year [2][33][36] - The Eurozone's debt-to-GDP ratio has risen to 78.1%, indicating increasing fiscal challenges [2][33][36]

Economic Overview - In Q3 2025, global economic growth shows signs of recovery, with total demand slightly rebounding and overall supply remaining stable. Household consumption accounts for 55.4% of global GDP, with private investment at 28.1% and government spending at 16.5% [1][10][12] - Major economies exhibit divergent performances: the US economy is recovering, Europe shows weak recovery, Japan faces growth pressures, India exceeds expectations, and Russia encounters challenges [1][10][12] Demand and Supply Analysis - On the demand side, uncertainties are increasing, particularly in the US, where consumer spending may weaken. The EU and Japan also show signs of consumer fatigue. However, US investment may receive a boost, while other economies' potential remains questionable [2][6][18] - On the supply side, manufacturing is recovering, and service sector expansion continues, although US employment risks need to be monitored. Global actual GDP growth is projected at approximately 2.4% for Q4 2025, with an annual growth rate of about 2.1% [2][6][18] Inflation Trends - Global inflation is stabilizing overall, with a projected global CPI growth rate of around 3.1% for Q4 2025 and an annual rate of approximately 3.5%. The US faces a risk of inflation rebound, while other major economies experience a downward trend in prices [2][20][21] Trade and Tariff Policies - Tariff policies are experiencing a reduction in short-term impacts on global trade activities. The US has adjusted tariffs on various imports, leading to a slight decrease in the overall tariff rate. However, uncertainties remain regarding the legality of these policies and potential protectionist measures from other countries [23][25][26] - Global trade growth is expected to be around 0.7% in 2025, influenced by ongoing tariff negotiations and geopolitical factors [23][25][26] Fiscal Policies - Major economies are maintaining an expansionary fiscal policy stance. The US faces significant fiscal pressure, with a projected budget deficit of $2.911 trillion for the month of August, exceeding market expectations. The EU and Japan are also increasing their fiscal spending, focusing on defense and economic competitiveness [31][32][35][36]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report is that global economic growth expectations for Q4 2025 are mixed, with a projected real GDP growth rate of around 2.4% for Q4 and 2.1% for the entire year [1] - The report highlights increasing uncertainty on the demand side, particularly in the U.S., where the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index has shown a significant decline, indicating a weak outlook for consumer activity [1] - Other developed economies, such as the EU and Japan, are also experiencing signs of weak consumer demand expansion [1] Group 2 - On the supply side, the overall trend is stabilizing, with the clarity of tariff policies under the Trump administration contributing to a phase of stability in global markets, which is expected to boost manufacturing activity [1] - Service sector activities are maintaining a steady expansion, but there are concerns about potential supply tightness due to the ongoing weakness in the U.S. labor market [1] - The report anticipates that global inflation will stabilize, with a projected global CPI year-on-year growth rate of around 3.1% for Q4 2025 and 3.5% for the entire year [2]

Group 1 - The OECD's mid-term economic outlook report predicts a global economic growth rate of 3.2% for 2025, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the June forecast, while growth is expected to slow to 2.9% in 2026, consistent with the June prediction [1] - The report highlights stronger-than-expected resilience in global economic growth, particularly in emerging market economies, during the first half of 2025 [1] - The report warns of significant risks to the global economic outlook, including potential increases in tariff rates, renewed inflation pressures, heightened concerns over fiscal risks, and reassessment of financial market risks [1] Group 2 - The report forecasts that the U.S. economic growth rate will decline from 2.8% in 2024 to 1.8% in 2025, and further slow to 1.5% in 2026, due to the offsetting effects of tariffs and tightened immigration policies against strong investment growth in high-tech industries [1] - The Eurozone's economic growth is projected to be 1.2% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026 [1] - The G20 countries' overall inflation rate is expected to decrease from 3.4% in 2025 to 2.9% in 2026, with core inflation rates in developed economies projected to fall to 2.6% and 2.5% in the next two years [1] Group 3 - The report recommends that countries enhance cooperation within the global trade system while improving the transparency and predictability of trade policies in response to economic security concerns [2] - Central banks are advised to remain vigilant and respond swiftly to changes in risks affecting price stability [2] - There is a call for increased structural reform efforts to improve living standards and unlock potential benefits from new technologies such as artificial intelligence [2]

Core Insights - The OECD reports that the global economic growth is better than expected, but the full impact of U.S. tariffs has yet to be realized [1] - Companies are currently absorbing the tariff impacts mainly by compressing profit margins and utilizing inventory [1] - The complete effects of the tariff increases are still unfolding [1]