Core Viewpoint - The automotive industry in China is experiencing extended payment terms, with an average exceeding 170 days, which places financial strain on suppliers and raises concerns about cash flow sustainability [1][3]. Industry Overview - The average payment term for domestic automotive companies is over 170 days, with some exceeding 240 days [1]. - The revised "Regulations on Payment of Funds to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" mandates that large enterprises must pay small and medium-sized enterprises within 60 days of delivery [3]. - As of June 1, 2025, this regulation aims to alleviate the "difficulties in collection" faced by small and medium-sized enterprises [3]. Payment Terms Analysis - The automotive industry has a total of 299 listed companies with accounts payable and notes payable amounting to 1.45 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of approximately 11% [7]. - The calculated payment term for the automotive industry is 149.22 days, approximately 5 months [7]. - Breakdown by sub-sectors shows: - Automotive parts: 250 companies, accounts payable of 485.38 billion yuan, payment term of 147.18 days [8]. - Passenger vehicles: 8 companies, accounts payable of 763.96 billion yuan, payment term of 151.57 days [8]. - Commercial vehicles: 13 companies, accounts payable of 146.51 billion yuan, payment term of 169.09 days [8]. - Motorcycles and others: 17 companies, accounts payable of 39.63 billion yuan, payment term of 161.07 days [8]. - Automotive services: 11 companies, accounts payable of 18.12 billion yuan, payment term of 69.32 days [8]. Company-Specific Insights - Among the 8 listed passenger vehicle companies, Haima Automobile has the longest payment term of 270.41 days, significantly higher than its peers [11]. - BYD leads in revenue with 777.10 billion yuan, maintaining a payment term of 127.23 days, which is relatively short compared to others [12]. - SAIC Group and Great Wall Motors have similar payment terms of approximately 163.63 days and 163.75 days, respectively, but their trends differ [13]. - Overall, the payment terms across the automotive sector exceed the 60-day commitment, indicating ongoing challenges in improving cash flow management [13].

"60天账期"的倡议提出后，车企不仅纷纷响应，还纷纷表示"我们一直都是60天"。 在各大车企态度坚决的回应中，频繁出现"持续贯彻"、"一如既往"等暗示意味明显的词汇。可见21世纪未必是生物的世纪，但大概率是语文的世纪。 如果结合各家车企的财报观察，现代汉语和现代会计学这两门学科，恐怕有一门出了点问题。 "60天账期"听上去简单，其实许多环节的解释空间非常大。比如"60天"是从发货到拿钱的60天，还是从开票到收钱的60天，或是从开票到收票的60天，是地 球上的60天，还是火星上的60天？ 我们列出了相对重要的4个问题，并尽可能为大家专业但通俗地解释： 60天账期，能不能让供应商60天收到钱？ 先说结论：比较难。 企业之间的商业交易不是"一手交钱一手交货"，一般来说，在 供货方交付商品/服务 和 采购方支付款项 的过程中还有很多环节，造成的间隔即为 账期 。 一般来说，为了与税收关系保持一致，大部分公司都会以供应商的 开票日期 作为账期的起点。但在实践中，这个过程会非常复杂。 我们假设有一家名叫 "毛驴汽车" 的整车厂，从 玲珑轮胎 采购轮胎。玲珑从仓库发货到最终开票，还需经历以下三个环节： 首先将轮胎运送到毛驴 ...

各位上午好今天是6月18号欢迎来到摩根史丹利每周三的周期论剑的在线直播我是张蕾Rachel基础材料行业的分析师今天呢我们讨论几个主题一个呢是我们金融行业的首席徐然会聊一下从社融数据来看风险和金融系统的一个周期然后接着呢我们汽车行业的首席肖伯廷会聊一下这个汽车行业他们最新的一些观点 然后接着我们交易行业的首席范茜蕾会聊一下他们对航运行业最近的一些观点最后地产行业的首席张永天会聊一下他们最近出了一个大报告关于华人之地 然后一些投资者的反馈开始之前我先例行读一个disclaimer请注意本次会议仅面向摩根士丹利的机构客户以及财务顾问本会议不对媒体开放如果您来自媒体的话尽请退出会议另外提示一下大家在整个会议的过程中您可以随时在屏幕上发送您的问题不需要等到最后这样我们可以节约一下这个Q&A的等待时间好的我也不多说了我把时间交给Richard 好的感谢Rachel那我们今年的这个比较大的一个主题就是金融系统的一个周期底应该在逐渐的就去年基本见底的今年在逐渐的一个回升的过程中那么我们其实上周也阐述了比较详细的一些观点主要就是从从这个严谨管防风险到逐渐转到促发展 其实最近我相信鲁家嘴总统也在说一些尤其是对香港作为试点一些新的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing issues in the automotive supply chain, particularly focusing on the extended payment terms imposed by large parts manufacturers on smaller suppliers, despite recent commitments from automakers to shorten their payment periods [3][4]. Group 1: Payment Terms and Industry Dynamics - A recent lawsuit highlights the contract disputes between a mold company and a joint venture parts manufacturer, revealing underlying issues related to payment terms and cash flow for small enterprises [3]. - Automakers have received praise for their commitment to a 60-day payment term, but the larger issue lies with major parts manufacturers who impose even longer payment terms on smaller suppliers [3][4]. - For instance, Huayu Automotive, a major parts supplier under SAIC, has an accounts payable turnover period of 163 days, while Dongfeng Technology has a turnover period exceeding 196 days [4]. Group 2: Impact on Smaller Suppliers - The accounts payable turnover days do not equate to the contractual payment terms, indicating that actual payment cycles can be significantly longer, affecting the cash flow of smaller suppliers [4]. - Larger parts manufacturers, such as CATL, have been able to maintain a favorable accounts receivable turnover period of around 60 days, while their own accounts payable turnover days exceed 258 days, further straining smaller suppliers [4][5]. - The article suggests that these large manufacturers are leveraging their negotiating power to impose harsher terms on smaller suppliers, exacerbating the financial strain within the supply chain [5]. Group 3: Call for Transparency and Fairness - The article advocates for greater transparency in payment policies from large manufacturers, similar to the commitments made by automakers, to foster a healthier competitive environment [5]. - It emphasizes that while extended payment terms may seem like a financial strategy, they should not undermine fair competition and the integrity of the supply chain [5]. - The article questions whether large parts manufacturers should also take responsibility and clarify their payment practices to ensure fairness across the industry [5].

在当前企业利润走低、资金链吃紧的大背景下，各类企业都面临着账期问题，尤其是中小零部件企业， 在市场中处于弱势地位。旷日持久的"价格战"迫使车企降低利润空间的同时，还倒逼零部件供应商进行 年降，幅度甚至达到10％。与此同时，以汇票等形式拖延账期的做法更是雪上加霜，让零部件企业的生 存空间被进一步挤压，资金链时刻处于紧绷状态，稍有不慎便可能断裂。 其实，为支持中小企业发展，《条例》早在2020年就已首次出台，此后历经几次修订。其迭代速度之 快，充分体现了政府管理部门对中小企业账期问题的高度重视与积极作为。此次《条例》的修订，在支 付期限上，明确规定大型企业应自交付之日起60日内支付款项。这一清晰的时间界限，避免了支付的无 限期拖延。在支付方式上，《条例》进一步完善非现金支付方式。明确规定不得强制中小企业接受商业 汇票、应收账款电子凭证等非现金支付方式，不得利用商业汇票、应收账款电子凭证等非现金支付方式 变相延长付款期限，保障了中小企业资金的快速回流。 《条例》还对一些容易引发争议的问题进行了规范，如禁止约定以收到第三方付款作为向中小企业支付 款项的条件或者按照第三方付款进度比例支付中小企业款项，减少了"背靠背"条 ...

Core Viewpoint - The automotive industry is taking significant steps to combat "involutionary" competition by standardizing payment terms to suppliers, committing to a maximum payment period of 60 days, which is expected to enhance financial stability for small and medium-sized enterprises [1][2][4]. Group 1: Industry Response - Major automotive manufacturers, including China FAW, Dongfeng Motor, and GAC Group, have pledged to limit supplier payment terms to 60 days, with over 17 companies making similar commitments by June 13 [1][3]. - The initiative is seen as a response to the pressures of price wars in the automotive market, which have reduced profit margins from 8% in 2017 to an estimated 4.3% in 2024, and further down to 3.9% in Q1 of this year [3][4]. Group 2: Impact on Supply Chain - The standardization of payment terms is expected to facilitate efficient cash flow for suppliers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote collaboration across the supply chain [2][5]. - The automotive industry has been criticized for extending payment periods, which has exacerbated financial pressures on upstream suppliers, such as those in the steel industry [3][6]. Group 3: Regulatory Framework - The recent implementation of the "Payment for Small and Medium Enterprises Regulation" mandates that large enterprises must pay small and medium enterprises within 60 days of delivery, prohibiting the use of commercial bills to extend payment periods [4][6]. - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology supports the automotive sector's commitment to these payment terms and encourages the establishment of stable partnerships between large and small enterprises [8]. Group 4: Future Considerations - While the commitment to a 60-day payment term is a positive step, there are concerns regarding the actual implementation and the handling of historical payments that exceed this period [5][6]. - Ongoing regulatory efforts aim to address issues of delayed payments and ensure compliance with the new standards, which are crucial for fostering a healthier business environment in the automotive sector [7][8].

有人说，账期的出现是因为上下游地位不匹配，某环节利用优势地位，占生意伙伴的便宜。账期的出现 很复杂，不仅仅是优势地位的问题，也是行业竞争所形成的惯性。 超长账期本质上是劣势一方给优势一方的资金补贴，通过这种方式，劣势一方可换取供应资格。 资金占用方由此获得了更多资金，成为信用扩张的"弹药库"，增加了企业的能力。但也导致竞争加剧， 产业出清缓慢，产业链各方深受其害。 汽车产业链的账期，很明显是这种情况，整车厂占有优势地位，配件厂家只能答应整车厂要求，如果账 期拖欠一年，那就相当于无偿使用了供应商一年的钱。如果不答应，那还有其他供应商可以替代。 整车厂也有竞争，整车厂用这些资金来建新厂，降价打价格战，在激烈的竞争中尽可能活下去。如果其 中一家不占有资金，仅靠自身积累，那就显得相对薄弱。 房地产行业也很明显，开发商占有消费者的资金，还占有材料商、建筑商的资金。比如房子才盖了几 层，就向消费者销售，开发商将这部分资金拿到手里，将工程承包给建筑商，拖欠建筑商工程款，建筑 商拿不到钱，就向其他材料商赊销。等到房子交付完毕，各种供应商才能拿到钱，账期不可谓不长。 开发商占着资金也没闲着，要拼规模，仅仅依靠信托和银行还不行， ...

如何看压缩账期后的汽车行业投资价值 20250615 摘要 A 股上市汽车零部件公司应收账款周转周期从 2018 年的 88 天增加到 2024 年的 98 天，现金流恶化约 11%，净营业周期也逐渐上升，表明 零部件企业现金流承压，账期压缩政策有望改善这一状况。 整车企业应付账款周转天数中位数约为 165 天，若压缩至 60 天，相当 于减少 105 天，按 5%年资金成本计算，营业成本将增加约 1.5%，主 要影响现金流，经营现金流净额或减少 10%，但大型集团企业受影响较 小，或通过议价抵消部分压力。 账期统一压缩使零部件企业处于同一起跑线，行业竞争将更加透明和直 接，有助于提升行业集中度，长期来看可能以利润表降价为代价，但有 助于改善行业格局，推动头部零部件公司可持续发展。 国内汽车零部件市场竞争者过多、格局不清晰，账期缩短政策或能推动 兼并，提高行业集中度，促进良性和可持续发展，而非导致产能灭失。 账期拉平有利于形成更明确的零部件价格体系，使竞争更加透明化，长 期来看，行业竞争激烈，最终可能会反映在价格上。 官方倡导主机厂积极响应的账期缩短政策，将逐步改善行业格局，为头 部企业创造更好的发展环境。 ...

以下文章来源于财经杂志 ，作者尹路 顾翎羽 2025年6月10日晚开始，多家车企先后公开承诺，对供应商的账期不超过60天，截至发稿，共有17家车企发布承诺：广汽、一汽、东风、 赛力斯、吉利、长安、上汽、比亚迪、奇瑞、长城、北汽、小鹏、小米、零跑、理想、蔚来、江汽。 除了承诺 60天账期，上汽、北汽追加承诺不采用商业承兑汇票等增加供应商资金压力的结算方式；一汽、江汽追加承诺精简审批环节，利 用数字化技术实现对合同执行、发票匹配、付款申请等全流程节点的实时监控，确保每一笔应付款项按期支付。 车企承诺账期上限，主要是为了响应 2025年6月1日施行的修订版《保障中小企业款项支付条例》。 该条例第九条规定： "机关、事业单位从中小企业采购货物、工程、服务，应当自货物、工程、服务交付之日起30日内支付款项；合同另 有约定的，从其约定，但付款期限最长不得超过60日。大型企业从中小企业采购货物、工程、服务，应当自货物、工程、服务交付之日起 60日内支付款项；合同另有约定的，从其约定，但应当按照行业规范、交易习惯合理约定付款期限并及时支付款项，不得约定以收到第三 方付款作为向中小企业支付款项的条件或者按照第三方付款进度比例支 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government, through various ministries, has implemented a series of measures aimed at stabilizing the automotive supply chain and promoting high-quality development in the industry, including a commitment from several domestic automakers to reduce supplier payment terms to within 60 days, marking a significant shift in the competitive landscape of the automotive industry [1][3][10]. Group 1: Policy Changes - The new regulation, effective June 1, 2025, sets a maximum payment term of 60 days for large enterprises and establishes a national complaint platform for overdue payments, with penalties for non-compliance [3][5]. - The regulation aims to shift automotive manufacturers from "squeezing competition" to compliant operations, potentially ending the "payment black hole" and restoring the health of the supply chain ecosystem [3][6]. Group 2: Current Industry Practices - Many domestic automakers have historically extended payment terms, with some suppliers reporting payment periods exceeding 200 days, and certain companies using a combination of payment terms and commercial bills to delay payments for over 8 months [4][5]. - The practice of treating suppliers as "interest-free funding pools" has been prevalent, allowing manufacturers to alleviate financial pressure from price wars [3][4]. Group 3: Supplier Impact - Suppliers are expected to benefit from the new 60-day payment term, which could significantly improve cash flow and accelerate technological advancements, as evidenced by a case where a supplier's cash turnover rate improved 2.5 times after reducing the payment cycle from 210 days to 60 days [6][10]. - However, concerns remain regarding the actual implementation of the 60-day term, as some suppliers fear that manufacturers may still resort to financial instruments like commercial bills, effectively prolonging payment periods [7][9]. Group 4: Industry Outlook - The enforcement of the 60-day payment term could lead to short-term liquidity challenges for many domestic automakers, particularly new entrants with tight cash flows, while established players may face less impact due to their existing practices [9][10]. - The shift towards a standardized payment term is seen as a critical step in transforming the competitive dynamics of the automotive industry, potentially reducing price wars and fostering a healthier market environment focused on quality and innovation [11][12].