(本文来自第一财经) 美联储会议纪要提到，在讨论本次会议的货币政策决定时，委员们一致认为，现有指标显示经济活动正 在以温和的速度扩张。他们还一致认为，今年就业增长有所放缓，失业率截至9月份略有上升。委员们 指出，近期指标与这些趋势相符。他们注意到，通胀率自今年年初以来有所上升，并保持在较高水平。 他们一致认为，委员会正在密切关注其双重使命两方面的风险，并且近几个月来就业方面的下行风险有 所增加。 ...

分组1 - The Federal Reserve is experiencing a divided committee with a close vote regarding a potential rate cut, indicating differing opinions on monetary policy direction [1][2] - Inflation remains above the Fed's target, and while the labor market shows signs of weakening, the overall economy is still considered solid, leading to a balanced view on rate adjustments [3][4] - The independence of the Federal Reserve is under scrutiny, particularly due to the current administration's stance and the upcoming change in leadership, which could influence future monetary policy decisions [6][10][13] 分组2 - Market-based inflation expectations have remained relatively stable, suggesting that there is currently no significant alarm regarding the Fed's commitment to its inflation target [11] - The potential for rapid changes in market sentiment exists, especially with new information or leadership at the Fed, which could impact decision-making and market reactions [12][13] - Historical patterns indicate that when the Fed appears to lack seriousness about controlling inflation, it can lead to negative consequences, referred to as inflation scares [14]

The US Federal Reserve agreed to cut interest rates at its December meeting only after a deeply nuanced debate about the risks facing the US economy right now, according to minutes of the latest two-day session.Even some of those who supported the rate cut acknowledged “the decision was finely balanced or that they could have supported keeping the target range unchanged”, given the different risks facing the US economy, according to the minutes released on Tuesday.In economic projections released after the ...

西海新闻记者 徐艳琴 通讯员 时波 秦启雯 "十四五"时期，中国人民银行青海省分行坚决贯彻省委、省政府决策部署，精准执行货币政策、深化金 融改革创新、防范化解金融风险、优化金融服务供给，为现代化新青海建设注入强劲金融动能，交出了 一份厚重提气的新时代答卷。 精准施策稳大盘 货币金融环境持续向好 "十四五"以来，人行青海省分行精准有力执行稳健货币政策，以信贷调度、预期引导等多元举措打通政 策传导"中梗阻"，推动金融总量稳步增长。全省本外币各项贷款余额从2020年末的6520.9亿元增至2025 年10月末的8124.7亿元，增长22.7%，年均增长4.9%；各项存款余额从6314.1亿元增至8676.7亿元，增长 37.4%，年均增长7.5%。 充分发挥货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，累计降准9次，释放长期资金近30亿元，投放支农支小再 贷款383.5亿元，保持流动性合理充裕。强化利率定价自律管理，推动社会融资成本稳中有降，全省新 发放贷款加权平均利率从2020年10月的4.59%降至2025年10月的3.70%，下降89个BP，减轻经营主体融 资负担。 融资保障能力全面增强 人行青海省分行紧盯产业"四地"建设 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the report industry investment rating is provided in the content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In December 2025, bond market yields oscillated and then trended upward, with a term - structure differentiation. The 10 - year Treasury yield rose 2BP, and the 1 - year Treasury yield fell 5BP. The term spread widened by 7BP to 51BP [1][8]. - In January 2026, focus on the 2025 GDP performance and the possibility of a Q1 economic start, the potentially active front - loading of supply, the possibility of central bank reserve requirement ratio cuts and flexible and cautious interest rate cuts, and the opening of the seasonal interest rate downward window and institutional net - increase support for the start - of - the - year [4][76]. - The bond market interest rate is expected to oscillate downward in January. It is recommended to actively seize the opportunity to enter the market when the interest rate oscillates downward, and also pay attention to the opportunity of narrowing the spread of ultra - long bonds [5][77]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Bond Market Review - In December, affected by factors such as the central bank's precise liquidity care, loose funds, and repeated disturbances of interest rate cut expectations, the bond market yield oscillated and then trended upward. There was term - structure differentiation, with the 10 - year Treasury yield rising 2BP and the 1 - year Treasury yield falling 5BP. The term spread widened to 51BP [1][8]. - The yield curve of Treasury bonds in December was overall bull - steep, with the decline of the medium - and short - term generally larger. The implied tax rate of China Development Bank bonds rose overall [9]. - Overseas, the US inflation repair was less than expected. The Fed cut interest rates in December, but there were still large internal differences. The US bond yield trended upward, and the Sino - US interest rate spread inverted slightly widened. The US dollar against the RMB exchange rate declined [10]. - Weekly, the bond market yield first rose and then fell in the first week, declined overall in the second week, continued to decline in the third week, and oscillated and rebounded in the fourth week [17]. 3.2 This Month's Outlook and Strategy 3.2.1 Bond Market Outlook - **Fundamentals**: Pay attention to the improvement of inflation (CPI's moderate recovery and PPI's continuous positive month - on - month growth), the resilience of exports under high - base effects and its support for PMI, the decline of real estate supply and demand data, and the 2025 GDP growth rate and the possibility of a 2026 economic start. If the weak fundamental recovery continues, the upward market expectations may reverse [2][21]. - **Supply**: The 2025 deficit rate may remain at 4%, with the quotas of Treasury bonds and special bonds increasing. It is estimated that the net supply of government bonds in January will be about 1.24 trillion yuan, mainly due to more special bond issuances. The overall supply pressure has increased compared with the same period in 2025 [2][38]. - **Funds**: At the end of the year, the central bank clearly cared about cross - year liquidity, and the funds were loose recently. Although the liquidity may be under pressure due to factors such as the front - loading of government bond issuance and a large certificate of deposit maturity scale, it is expected that the bond market funds in January will fluctuate in a balanced manner, and the interest rate is likely to decline seasonally after the Gregorian New Year. Pay attention to the possibility of the central bank increasing Treasury bond purchases [3][51]. - **Policy**: The December economic meeting pointed out the policy direction for 2026. It is expected that reserve requirement ratio cuts and more flexible and cautious interest rate cuts are likely to be implemented in the first quarter to cooperate with fiscal efforts. More flexible tools can be expected next year [3][61]. - **Institutional Behavior**: In December, various institutional allocation portfolios continued to increase holdings but slightly converged, and trading portfolios turned to small - scale net purchases. In January, focus on the opening of the traditional interest rate downward window, the possibility of allocation forces increasing positions before the Spring Festival, the possibility of trading portfolios entering the market flexibly, and the opportunity of narrowing the spread of ultra - long bonds [3][65]. 3.2.2 Bond Market Strategy - In January, focus on the 2025 GDP performance and the Q1 economic start, the potentially active front - loading of supply, the possibility of central bank reserve requirement ratio cuts and flexible and cautious interest rate cuts, and the opening of the seasonal interest rate downward window and institutional net - increase support for the start - of - the - year [4][76]. - In terms of interest rates, the funds in January are likely to return to a balanced state after the cross - year under the central bank's care. There is room for the central bank's Treasury bond trading operations and reserve requirement ratio cuts. It is recommended to actively seize the opportunity to enter the market when the interest rate oscillates downward. For the short - end, the short - end interest rate has limited odds for short - term returns. For the long - end, the current 1.85% has reappeared allocation value. For ultra - long bonds, pay attention to the opportunity of narrowing the spread if the market conditions are favorable [5][77]. 3.3 January Important Economic Calendar The report provides the expected values of important economic indicators to be announced in January, including PPI, CPI, M2, new RMB loans, and other data [80].

Core Viewpoint - The article outlines key policy directions and developments in China's economic and financial landscape as the year comes to a close, focusing on fiscal, monetary, and industrial strategies for 2026. Fiscal Policy - The National Fiscal Work Conference emphasized expanding fiscal spending to ensure necessary expenditure levels, optimizing government bond tools, and enhancing fiscal-financial collaboration to amplify policy effectiveness [3][27]. - The report on the 2025 fiscal budget indicated a focus on directing new special bond quotas towards regions with well-prepared projects and high investment efficiency, while also addressing local government hidden debt issues [3][11]. - The Ministry of Finance and other regulatory bodies are committed to strict measures against the creation of new hidden debts, reinforcing accountability for local governments [3][15]. Monetary and Capital Markets - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) highlighted the importance of integrating incremental and stock policies to support key sectors such as domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium enterprises [4][15]. - The PBOC's Financial Stability Report for 2025 aims to create a favorable environment for long-term investments in the A-share market, enhancing the scale and proportion of various long-term funds [4][29]. Industrial Development - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) called for optimizing traditional industries, particularly in steel and petrochemicals, by balancing supply and demand and promoting structural reforms [5][26]. - The NDRC's recent initiatives include fostering innovation in emerging sectors like new energy vehicles and lithium batteries, while addressing issues of "involution" in competition to maintain a fair market environment [5][26]. - The Industrial and Information Technology Conference outlined strategies to stabilize manufacturing investments, enhance industrial chain resilience, and promote technological innovation [5][22]. Encouragement of Foreign Investment - The updated Encouragement Directory for Foreign Investment aims to attract more foreign capital into advanced manufacturing, modern services, and high-tech sectors, particularly in central and western regions of China [17][19]. - The 2025 version of the directory includes 1,679 entries, with a net increase of 205 entries compared to the previous version, reflecting a strategic focus on sectors like smart manufacturing and modern service industries [18][19]. Infrastructure Development - The NDRC's article on modern infrastructure emphasizes the need for high-quality construction of strategic transport corridors and energy networks, as well as enhancing safety measures for critical infrastructure [21][26]. - The focus on developing a comprehensive infrastructure system includes promoting low-altitude and hub economies, as well as ensuring robust safety protocols for major energy projects [21][26].

智通财经APP获悉，浙商证券发布研报称，站在12月底时点展望1月，投资者对下阶段债市走势研判较 为集中：一致预期维持中短利率债偏好，操作层面整体偏防守。财政政策的力度与节奏和政府债券供给 压力成为投资者关注的核心要点。 (4)财政发力及政府债发行成为投资者最为关注的核心问题，货币政策及资金面仍然是债券投资者重点 关注的问题； (5)投资者对中短利率债的偏好上升。 1月债券市场行情会如何演绎？调查结果显示，投资者对1月债市未形成单一方向的强势共识，预期呈现 "谨慎乐观，结构主导"的格局。短端利率因更受益于宽松的流动性环境而获得相对更强的看好；长端利 率则因可能面临基本面修复、供给压力或政策预期博弈而表现相对谨慎，导致"短强长弱"成为最主流的 市场预期。 当前债市应如何操作？12月多数投资者在实操层面偏中性，持币观望，待回调至预期点位后再加仓和保 持仓位基本稳定仍然是主流观点；可以开始加仓者占比小幅下降，由11月调研结果的14%减少至11%。 反映出市场在向防守侧倾斜。还有部分投资者判断偏谨慎，降久期控风险的投资者占比较11月调研结果 有所上升。 1月债市定价的主线逻辑最可能是什么？债市投资者的关注焦点转向"财政 ...

本文约4300字 阅读完约8分钟采访策划：何颖 采 写：金融投资报记者 吉雪娇 继2024年底时隔十四年再度重提"实施适度宽松的货币政策"后，2025年底中央经济工作会议又一次提 及"继续实施适度宽松的货币政策"，且在具体表述上用"灵活高效运用降准降息等多种政策工具"取代 了"适时降准降息"。与此同时，日前召开的中国人民银行货币政策委员会第四季度例会（以下简称"四 季度例会"）提出，要发挥增量政策与存量政策的集成效应，综合运用多种工具加强货币政策调控，依 据国内外经济金融形势以及金融市场运行状况，精准把握政策实施的力度、节奏和时机。在此背景下， 2026年货币政策走向成为市场关注焦点。 金融投资报记者就此专访了中银证券全球首席经济学家管涛，围绕2025年货币政策操作情况、2026年货 币政策走向以及相关政策产生的影响等问题展开了深入交流。 管涛 记者提问 近期，中央经济工作会议再次强调"继续实施适度宽松的货币政策"，但在具体表述中用了"灵活高效运 用降准降息等多种政策工具"。您如何理解"灵活高效"这一新提法背后的政策信号？ 管涛：本次会议将"适时降准降息，保持流动性充裕"替换成"灵活高效运用降准降息等多种政策 ...

Group 1 - The report highlights that the liquidity remains ample as of late December 2025, with bank lending exceeding 60 trillion yuan, and key rates such as DR001 and R001 showing narrow fluctuations [10][24][39] - The People's Bank of China emphasizes a monetary policy focused on expanding domestic demand and optimizing supply, indicating a potential alignment with fiscal debt issuance in 2026 [11][24] - The report notes a significant increase in the issuance of long-term local government bonds, particularly 30-year bonds, which have improved liquidity and attracted institutional investors [18][20][39] Group 2 - The analysis of government debt issuance reveals that national bonds follow a strict issuance plan, while local bonds have more flexible issuance schedules, leading to discrepancies between planned and actual issuance [20][39] - The report outlines that local government bonds are primarily aimed at debt replacement, with average costs decreasing by over 2 percentage points in many regions, thus alleviating repayment pressures [21][39] - The planned issuance of local government bonds for Q1 2026 totals 1.61 trillion yuan, with a focus on potentially reducing the supply of 30-year bonds in favor of shorter maturities [22][39] Group 3 - The report indicates that the net financing from local government bonds was negative in recent weeks, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of future issuance strategies [42][39] - The analysis of the interbank market shows that the demand for short-term bonds remains strong, with significant net purchases observed in the secondary market [48][39] - The report suggests that the pricing of long-term bonds may not be attractive currently, with better value found in shorter maturities, reflecting market dynamics [49][39]

来源：市场资讯 （来源：凭澜观涛） 管涛预计2026年财政赤字率大概率与今年持平，货币政策更灵活高效，降准降息是可选项，结构性货币政策工具有望持续发力。 蓝鲸新闻12月30日讯（记者 李丹萍 王婉莹）2026年，是中国"十五五"规划的开局之年，承载着承前启后、谋篇布局的重要使命。 财政政策优化结构"投资于人"，货币政策"以我为主"精准发力 蓝鲸新闻：日前召开的中央经济工作会议对2026年经济工作做出了重大部署。会议总体延续了去年底的政策基调，重申"实施更加积极有为的 宏观政策"，强调"继续实施更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策"。"十五五"周期，您认为财政政策和货币政策分别还有哪些发力空 间，核心因素是什么？ 管涛：中央经济工作会议对明年宏观经济政策的定调，是符合市场预期的，相信宏观政策不会退坡，预计在"十五五"期间财政政策和货币政策 仍有进一步发力空间。 中央经济工作会议提出要保持必要的赤字，预计明年财政赤字率大概率与今年持平，但随着经济总量扩大，财政赤字和债务总规模和支出总量 可能略有增加，从而保持一定的财政支出强度。 需要看到的是，我们现在强调宏观政策民生导向从"投资于物"转向"投资于人"，下一步更 ...