证券研究报告 | 行业周报 gszqdatemark 2025 08 24 年 月 日 银行 本周聚焦—2025 上半年各地信贷增速及贷款利率有何变化？ 3、住户贷款：上海、北京、四川住户贷款增速排名相对靠前，6 月住户贷 款同比增速分别为 13.7%、6.0%、5.6%。从边际变化来看，北京 信贷 增速升 2.3pc）、上海 信贷增速升 1.1pc），增速较 2024 年有所升 ， 要由源短上半年个人住房贷款需求回 ，北京地区个人住房贷款余额同比 增 7.5%，增速比一季度末高 4.0 个百分点，今年以来增速呈逐月升 态势，上海地区个人住房贷款增速自去年 10 月转正以来持续升高。 4、从各地区新发放企业贷款加权平均利率同比变化来看： 企业融资成本延续低位下行，全国 6 月新发放企业贷款加权平均利率为 3.22%，同比下降 41bp，多数地区企业贷款加权平均利率均在 4%以下， 北京、上海、广东、福建等地区已降至 3%以下。从同比变化来看，山东、 四川、浙江等地同比降幅分别为 32bp、34bp、36bp，小短全国平均水平。 此外，多地均升及，强化利率自律管理，将深入开展明示企业贷款综合融 资成本试点，组织 ...

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" [8] Core Viewpoints - The continuous fiscal efforts have driven a year-on-year increase in social financing (社融) by 9% as of the end of July, with a month-on-month improvement of 0.1 percentage points [2][15] - In July, the total social financing increased by 1.16 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 390.1 billion yuan, primarily supported by government bond financing [2][15] - The demand for credit remains weak, with a year-on-year growth rate of 6.9% for RMB loans, reflecting a decrease of 500 billion yuan in July [3][17] Summary by Sections Social Financing - As of the end of July, social financing stock increased by 9% year-on-year, with a month-on-month improvement of 0.1 percentage points [2][15] - The net financing of government bonds reached 1.24 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 555.9 billion yuan, indicating strong fiscal support for the real economy [2][15] - The total social financing added in July was 1.16 trillion yuan, with direct financing performing better than the previous year [2] Credit Demand - The demand for credit is weak, with RMB loans decreasing by 500 billion yuan in July, a year-on-year reduction of 3.1 trillion yuan [3][17] - Corporate credit demand is particularly weak, with the main increase coming from bill financing [3] - Residential loans also saw a significant decrease, with a reduction of 4.893 trillion yuan in July, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 2.793 trillion yuan [3] Monetary Supply - M1 and M2 growth rates increased to 5.6% and 8.8% year-on-year, respectively, with month-on-month improvements of 1 percentage point and 0.5 percentage points [7] - The total RMB deposits increased by 500 billion yuan in July, a year-on-year increase of 1.3 trillion yuan [17] Investment Recommendations - The report maintains a positive outlook on the banking sector, highlighting the stable performance of banks amid ongoing fiscal support and a favorable liquidity environment [8] - It suggests focusing on banks with historical risk clearance, low valuations, and those that are significantly underweighted by active funds [8]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported that as of July 2025, the total RMB loan balance reached 268.51 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6.9% [1] - The total social financing scale stood at 431.26 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 9% [1] - The broad money supply (M2) was recorded at 329.94 trillion yuan, growing by 8.8% year-on-year, while the narrow money supply (M1) was 111.06 trillion yuan, up by 5.6% [1] Lending and Financial Structure - In the first seven months, RMB loans increased by 12.87 trillion yuan, with corporate loans accounting for a significant portion, totaling 11.63 trillion yuan [1] - Long-term loans for enterprises rose by 6.91 trillion yuan, making up nearly 60% of the new loans [1] - Loans in sectors such as technology, green finance, inclusive finance, elderly care, and digital economy showed growth rates exceeding the overall loan growth [1] Interest Rates and Monetary Policy - Loan interest rates remained at historical lows, with new corporate loan rates around 3.2% and new personal housing loan rates at approximately 3.1%, down by about 45 and 30 basis points year-on-year, respectively [2] - The difference in growth rates between M1 and M2 narrowed to 3.2%, indicating improved liquidity and efficiency in the financial system [2] Government Bonds and Fiscal Policy - Over 6.1 trillion yuan in new special bonds were issued in the past month, marking a record high for the year, which is expected to accelerate government bond issuance [3] - The proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy are anticipated to support economic recovery and reasonable growth in effective credit demand [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the current state of China's monetary policy, indicating a moderately loose monetary environment that supports the real economy through favorable financing conditions [1][4]. Group 1: Monetary Policy and Loan Rates - As of July, the social financing scale and broad money (M2) grew by 9% and 8.8% year-on-year, respectively, indicating a stable monetary environment [1]. - New personal housing loan rates are approximately 3.1%, while new corporate loan rates are around 3.2%, both reflecting a decline of about 45 and 30 basis points compared to the previous year [2][3]. - The sustained low interest rates signal a relatively abundant supply of credit, making it easier and cheaper for borrowers to access bank loans [3][4]. Group 2: Loan Growth and Composition - In the first seven months of the year, RMB loans increased by 12.87 trillion yuan, with household loans rising by 680.7 billion yuan and corporate loans increasing by 11.63 trillion yuan [5][6]. - The total balance of RMB loans reached 268.51 trillion yuan, growing by 6.9% year-on-year, while the total balance of foreign and domestic currency loans was 272.48 trillion yuan, up by 6.7% [6]. - The increase in loans reflects a strong support for the real economy, with loan growth outpacing nominal economic growth [7]. Group 3: Loan Issuance and Economic Impact - The article emphasizes the importance of new loan issuance as a key indicator of actual bank lending activity, which can provide insights into the effective financing needs of the economy [8]. - It is noted that while loan balance growth may stabilize over time, the flow of new loans and repayments remains significant, ensuring that both corporate and household financing needs are met [8].

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported that in July, social financing scale, broad money M2, and RMB loans continued to exceed economic growth rates, indicating strong financial support for the real economy [1][2] Group 1: Financial Statistics - As of the end of July, the balance of broad money (M2) reached 329.94 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.8%, showing an accelerated growth rate [1] - The social financing scale stood at 431.26 trillion yuan at the end of July, with a year-on-year increase of 9% [1] - From January to July, the incremental social financing was 23.99 trillion yuan, which is 5.12 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [1] - RMB loans increased by 12.87 trillion yuan in the first seven months [1] Group 2: Credit Support and Structure - The balance of inclusive small and micro loans reached 35.05 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 11.8%, while medium and long-term loans for the manufacturing sector amounted to 14.79 trillion yuan, growing by 8.5% [2] - Loans for technology, green initiatives, inclusive finance, elderly care, and digital economy sectors grew significantly faster than the overall loan growth rate [2] - Structural monetary policy tools have enhanced the ability and willingness of financial institutions to support key areas [2] Group 3: Loan Rates and Financing Demand - In July, the interest rate for newly issued corporate loans was approximately 3.2%, and for personal housing loans, it was about 3.1%, both remaining at historically low levels [3] - The new corporate loan rate decreased by about 45 basis points compared to the same period last year, while the personal housing loan rate fell by about 30 basis points [3] - The low interest rates reflect a relatively abundant credit supply, making it easier for borrowers to obtain bank credit at lower costs [3]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) reported stable growth in credit and improvements in its structure, indicating effective financial policies [1] Group 1: Financial Data Overview - As of the end of July, the balance of RMB loans reached 268.51 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.9% [1] - The total social financing stock was 431.26 trillion yuan, growing by 9% year-on-year [1] - The broad money supply (M2) stood at 329.94 trillion yuan, with an 8.8% year-on-year increase [1] Group 2: Credit Structure and Allocation - In the first seven months, loans to enterprises increased by 11.63 trillion yuan, with medium and long-term loans accounting for nearly 60% of this amount [4] - By the end of July, inclusive small and micro loans reached 35.05 trillion yuan, up 11.8% year-on-year, while medium and long-term loans in the manufacturing sector were 14.79 trillion yuan, increasing by 8.5% [5] - The financial policies have been refined to support key sectors and weak links, enhancing the ability and willingness of financial institutions to provide quality credit [5][6] Group 3: Interest Rates and Financing Costs - Loan interest rates remain at historical lows, with new corporate loan rates around 3.2% and new personal housing loan rates at approximately 3.1%, down by about 45 and 30 basis points year-on-year, respectively [8] - The sustained low interest rates reflect a relatively abundant credit supply, indicating a high level of satisfaction in financing demand from the real economy [8]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has maintained a moderately loose monetary policy, supporting the real economy through high levels of social financing and broad money (M2) growth as of the end of July [1] Group 1: Credit Growth - In the first seven months, RMB loans increased by 12.87 trillion yuan, with a loan balance of 268.51 trillion yuan at the end of July, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6.9% [2] - The fluctuations in credit data during June and July are attributed to financial institutions' half-year reporting and the settlement period for enterprises, as well as the significant impact of local government debt swaps on loan data [2][3] - The impact of debt resolution and risk mitigation factors on current loan growth exceeds 1 percentage point, with local government debt swaps affecting loans by approximately 2.6 trillion yuan since last November [3] Group 2: Loan Interest Rates - Loan interest rates have remained low, with new corporate loan rates around 3.2% and new personal housing loan rates at approximately 3.1%, both down by about 45 and 30 basis points year-on-year, respectively [4] - The decline in financing costs reflects adequate monetary and credit conditions, indicating that the real economy's financing needs are being met [4] Group 3: Monetary Aggregates - As of the end of July, M2 stood at 329.94 trillion yuan, growing by 8.8% year-on-year, while M1 was 111.06 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 5.6% [7] - The narrowing gap between M1 and M2 indicates improved liquidity and efficiency in fund circulation, aligning with the recovery of economic activities [7] Group 4: Economic Outlook - The cumulative social financing scale for the first seven months reached 23.99 trillion yuan, exceeding the previous year's figure by 5.12 trillion yuan, with a total stock of 431.26 trillion yuan at the end of July, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 9% [7] - The macroeconomic indicators have performed better than expected in the first half of the year, supporting the reasonable growth of monetary credit and meeting the effective financing needs of the real economy [7]

事实上，贷款增长既与中长期经济结构转型升级等背景有关，（下转A02版） （上接A01版）也受到直接融资发展、企业融资渠道日益多元化的影响，还叠加地方政府债务置换、中 小银行化险、专项债使用效率提高等因素。 ● 本报记者 彭扬 中国人民银行8月13日发布的数据显示，7月末，社会融资规模、广义货币（M2）增速均保持在较高水 平，为实体经济提供了适宜的货币金融环境，体现出适度宽松的货币政策取向。 专家表示，上半年，人民银行出台了一揽子货币政策，有力地支持了实体经济回升向好。各项政策效果 将进一步显现并持续释放，对实现全年经济社会发展目标任务提供有力支撑。 信贷保持合理增长 数据显示，前7个月人民币贷款增加12.87万亿元；7月末人民币贷款余额268.51万亿元，同比增长 6.9%。 专家表示，6月和7月信贷数据波动，一方面与金融机构上半年报表披露和实体企业结算窗口期有较大关 系；另一方面则是因为今年地方政府债务置换对贷款数据影响较大，还原相关影响后，7月人民币贷款 增速仍明显高于GDP增速。 具体而言，6月恰逢金融机构半年报披露，部分机构会出现短期调整信贷投放节奏、拉高6月数据的情 况，这种"冲时点"的做法在以往年 ...

Core Viewpoint - The latest financial data from the central bank indicates a moderately loose monetary policy, providing a suitable financial environment for the real economy [2] Group 1: Loan Rates - New personal housing loan rates are approximately 3.1%, while new corporate loan rates are around 3.2%, both showing a decline of about 45 and 30 basis points year-on-year respectively [3][4] - The low interest rates reflect a relatively abundant supply of credit, making it easier and cheaper for borrowers to obtain bank loans [4] - The reduction in financing costs positively impacts expectations and expands demand, as evidenced by a technology company that applied for a loan to upgrade its production line after receiving a rate discount [4] Group 2: Loan Growth - As of the end of July, the balance of RMB loans reached 268.51 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 6.9%, and a total increase of 12.87 trillion yuan in the first seven months [7] - The increase in loans is categorized into household loans, which rose by 680.7 billion yuan, and corporate loans, which increased by 11.63 trillion yuan [7] - The growth rate of loan balances remains significantly higher than the nominal economic growth rate, indicating stable support for the real economy from credit [7] Group 3: Financing Channels - The diversification of corporate financing channels, along with the acceleration of government bond issuance, makes it increasingly difficult for loans alone to reflect the financial support for the real economy [7] - The central bank's introduction of the social financing scale indicator provides a more comprehensive view of financial growth, encompassing various financing channels beyond just loans [7][8] - The focus on new loan issuance reflects the actual lending and repayment situation, which can indicate effective satisfaction of financing needs even if the balance growth appears low [8]

Core Viewpoint - The annualized yield of government bond reverse repos has been rising steadily as the end of the first half of 2025 approaches, with significant increases observed in both Shanghai and Shenzhen markets [3]. Group 1: Market Trends - The annualized yield for the 1-day government bond reverse repo in the Shanghai market rose sharply by 13.17% on June 25, reaching 2% during intraday trading on June 26, with an intraday increase exceeding 10% [3]. - Similarly, the Shenzhen market's 1-day government bond reverse repo yield also saw a significant increase of 13.02% on June 25, with yields reaching 2% and intraday gains surpassing 12% [3]. - Other maturities of government bond reverse repos in both markets have also experienced varying degrees of yield increases recently [4]. Group 2: Interest Rate Environment - The overall interest rate level in the market has been on a downward trend in recent years, with the loan market quoted interest rates (LPR) remaining unchanged at 3.0% for 1-year and 3.5% for 5-year and above as of June 20 [5][6]. - Deposit rates have also been declining, with major banks recently lowering their RMB deposit rates, including a 5 basis point reduction in the current deposit rate to 0.05% and a 15 basis point reduction for various fixed-term deposits [6][7]. Group 3: Reverse Repo Operation Guidelines - Investors can choose between Shanghai and Shenzhen markets for government bond reverse repos, with a minimum investment threshold of 1,000 yuan [8]. - There are various maturities available for reverse repos, including 1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day, 7-day, 14-day, 28-day, 91-day, and 182-day, allowing investors to select based on their cash flow needs and yield preferences [9]. - The process for placing orders involves selecting a sell option, and many brokerage platforms now offer user-friendly interfaces for executing reverse repo transactions [10][11].